Amina Zulfiqar, Baoji Miao, Fatima Khan, Nawab Ali, Shakeel Ahmed, Wajid Rehman, Muhammad Asad, Muhammad Asif Nawaz, Irshad Ahmad Mir, and Liaqat Rasheed · Langmuir · 2025
To review MOF-based catalysts and related MOF materials for sustainable energy technologies, with emphasis on energy conversion, electrochemical storage, gas storage, synthesis/design variables, conductivity improvement, reconstruction, and future AI/ML-enabled development.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Surveys MOFs in gas storage/separation, drug delivery, sensing, and photocatalysis; most relevant Chapter 1 content is gas storage and photocatalytic band/electron-transfer framing.
Relevance: Supporting · p016 / article p. 24064 · Section 8
Classifies MOFs into rigid frameworks, flexible/dynamic frameworks, open-metal-site materials, and surface-functionalised frameworks.
Relevance: Supporting · p007 / article p. 24055 · Section 4
Explains MOF assembly from PBUs/SBUs, linker functional groups, coordination geometry, and 1D/2D/3D dimensionality.
Relevance: Core · p005 / article p. 24053 · Section 2.3.3
Frames renewable energy conversion and storage needs, introduces MOFs as porous coordination materials, and states the review emphasis on synthesis, design, conductive improvement, and AI/ML trends.
Relevance: Core · p002 / article p. 24050 · Introduction
States opportunities and challenges: AI/ML screening, green synthesis, scale-up, operating stability, in situ monitoring, and interdisciplinary development.
Relevance: Core · p018 / article p. 24066 · Section 9.1
Defines MOFs and related nomenclature, lists named MOF families, and situates MOFs within renewable-energy catalysis.
Relevance: Core · p003 / article p. 24051 · Section 2.1 · Table 2
Summarises surface area, porosity, stability, selectivity, modifiability, catalytic performance, biocompatibility, and optical/electrical properties.
Relevance: Supporting · p006 / article p. 24054 · Section 3 · Figure 5
Focuses on MOF catalyst reconstruction during OER, including partial/complete reconstruction, in situ characterisation, active-site formation, dopants, ligand modulation, heterostructures, oxyanions, and dynamic structure-activity links.
Relevance: Core · p010 / article p. 24058 · Section 7.1
Reviews solvothermal/hydrothermal, mechanochemical, microwave, electrochemical, sonochemical, layer-by-layer, CVD, ionothermal, and sol-gel synthesis routes.
Relevance: Core · p008 / article p. 24056 · Section 5
Extracts how solvent, temperature, concentration, pH, reaction time, and pressure influence morphology, nucleation, pore structure, defects, phase behaviour, and scalability.
Relevance: Core · p009 / article p. 24057 · Section 6
Discusses conductivity limits, hopping versus band transport, band-structure interpretation, DFT caveats, and through-bond/through-space pathways.
Relevance: Core · p003 / article p. 24051 · Section 2.2
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
Figure 11 and Section 8 group MOF uses across energy, environmental, sensing, and biomedical domains.
Categories: gas storage and separation · drug delivery · sensing and detection · photocatalysis · energy storage and conversion
p017 / article p. 24065 · Figure 11 · Figure 11
PBUs are metal ions and organic linkers; SBUs are topological inorganic/organic building motifs that help rationalise framework prediction and structure.
Categories: PBUs · SBUs
p004 / article p. 24052 · Section 2.3.1
The review contrasts site-to-site hopping in weakly interacting/disordered systems with continuous band transport in crystalline systems where sites interact strongly.
Categories: hopping transport · band transport
p003 / article p. 24051 · Section 2.2
Through-bond transport is assigned to coordination-bond networks involving metal nodes and ligands; through-space transport is assigned to ligand-dominated stacking or spatial channels.
Categories: through-bond transport · through-space transport
p004 / article p. 24052 · Section 2.2.2
The review organises MOFs by dimensionality and links dimensionality to coordination direction, stacking, pore location, gas separation, catalysis, and adsorption.
Categories: 1D MOFs · 2D MOFs · 3D MOFs
p005 / article p. 24053 · Section 2.3.3
Table 2 provides a compact map of common names, formulae, and abbreviations used in MOF catalyst discussions.
Categories: MOF-74 · IRMOF-1/MOF-5 · UiO-67 · MIL-53 · HKUST-1/MOF-199 · LIC-1 · ZIF-8
p003 / article p. 24051 · Section 2.1 · Table 2
The review distinguishes MOFs from broader coordination/polymer terminology by emphasising porosity, open structures, and robust bonds that define a geometrical framework.
Categories: metal-organic frameworks · coordination polymers · hybrid organic-inorganic materials · organic zeolite analogues
p002 / article p. 24050 · Section 2.1
The review describes reconstruction degree as a way to interpret MOF precatalyst behaviour and distinguish surface repair from full transformation.
Categories: no reconstruction · surface partial reconstruction · entire reconstruction
p010 / article p. 24058 · Section 7.1
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
Copper trimesate MOF family listed as HKUST-1/MOF-199 and used in composite electrocatalyst examples.
Conduction: Baseline Cu-BTC is not emphasised as intrinsically conductive; composites with MXene or layered hydroxides are benchmarked for HER/OER.
Representative materials: HKUST-1 · MOF-199 · Cu-BTC · CuCoNi-LTH/Cu-BTC/CF
Nodes / linkers: Cu paddlewheel clusters · Cu sites · BTC/trimesate carboxylates
p003 / article p. 24051 · Table 1 and Table 2 · Table 1; Table 2
Isoreticular zinc-carboxylate MOFs exemplified by IRMOF-1/MOF-5 and related pore-size/functionality tuning.
Conduction: Discussed mainly as porous/gas-storage and semiconductor-like photocatalysis context rather than as a high-conductivity family.
Representative materials: IRMOF-1 · MOF-5 · IRMOF-16
Nodes / linkers: Zn4O clusters · Zn ions · terephthalate · benzenedicarboxylate derivatives
p005 / article p. 24053 · Section 2.3.3
Layered lanthanide MOFs where ligand stacking and lanthanide nodes enable directional through-space charge transport.
Conduction: The review attributes conductivity to ligand pi-pi stacking and notes a very high reported room-temperature conductivity for Nd1.5HOTP.
Representative materials: La-HHTP · Ln-HHTP · Nd1.5HOTP
Nodes / linkers: La3+ · Nd3+ · lanthanide ions · HHTP · HOTP · pi-stacked ligands
p004 / article p. 24052 · Section 2.2.2
Graphene-like 2D frameworks with trigonal hexaiminobenzene ligands and square-planar Ni or Cu nodes.
Conduction: The review links these structural features to pi-d conjugation, delocalisation, and in-plane conductivity.
Representative materials: Ni3(HIB)2 · Cu3(HIB)2 · M3(hexaiminobenzene)2
Nodes / linkers: Ni square-planar nodes · Cu square-planar nodes · hexaiminobenzene · pi-conjugated imine ligands
p004 / article p. 24052 · Section 2.2.2
Materials of Institut Lavoisier family, represented by MIL-53 in Table 2 and MIL-100/MIL-101 in applications.
Conduction: Discussed mainly for porosity, adsorption, and drug delivery rather than electronic conduction.
Representative materials: MIL-53 · MIL-100 (Cr) · MIL-101 (Cr) · MIL-101
Nodes / linkers: Al-OH chains · Cr clusters · other metal clusters · BDC/carboxylates
p017 / article p. 24065 · Section 8.2
Named MOF family listed in Table 2 and often associated with open metal sites in broader MOF literature.
Conduction: The review does not emphasise electrical conduction for MOF-74; its relevance is nomenclature and catalytic/gas-storage context.
Representative materials: MOF-74 · Zn2DOT
Nodes / linkers: Zn · open metal sites in related M-MOF-74 materials · DOT/dioxido-terephthalate-type linkers
p003 / article p. 24051 · Table 2 · Table 2
Reconstructed M-OOH, Ni-OOH, Fe-OOH, Co-OOH, and mixed-metal oxyhydroxides generated from MOF precatalysts during OER.
Conduction: Reconstruction can increase active-site density and alter charge transfer, local coordination, and conductivity; it also complicates assignment of true active sites.
Representative materials: Ni-OOH/MOF heterojunctions · Fe-Ni-Co-OOH-TPA · Co(OH)2-ZIF@Ru/NF · Ru10NiFeOOH-MOF/NFF
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Fe · Co · Ru · residual carboxylates · imidazolate-derived ligands · TPA · MI
p016 / article p. 24064 · Section 7.3
Zr-based named MOF family represented by UiO-67 in the review table.
Conduction: Not presented as conductive; relevant as a stable structural family and nomenclature benchmark.
Representative materials: UiO-67 · UiO-66
Nodes / linkers: Zr6 oxo clusters · biphenyldicarboxylate · benzenedicarboxylate derivatives
p003 / article p. 24051 · Table 2 · Table 2
Zeolite-topology MOFs based on tetrahedral metal ions connected by imidazolate linkers.
Conduction: ZIFs are important reconstruction precursors; under OER conditions imidazolate ligands may degrade and Co-OH active species form.
Representative materials: ZIF-8 · ZIF-67 · M-ZIF-67 · ZIF-L
Nodes / linkers: Zn · Co · Fe-C derived sites · imidazolate · 2-methylimidazole
p011 / article p. 24059 · Section 7.1.3
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Vapour-phase precursors are pulsed/deposited on substrates, sometimes combined with ALD-derived nucleation layers.
Claimed effects: Can control thickness, surface form, and orientation of MOF coatings or films.
Controlling variables: precursor volatility · substrate · temperature · vacuum/purge cycles · film thickness · orientation
Representative materials: ZIF-8 films · zeolitic imidazolate framework thin films
Caveat: The review notes expensive reactors, high temperatures, and need for volatile stable ligands.
p009 / article p. 24057 · Section 5.8
Metal ions are generated by anodic dissolution and react with linker molecules and conducting salts in solution.
Claimed effects: Avoids some metal salts and can form MOFs electrochemically; also connects to electrode fabrication routes.
Controlling variables: anode material · electrolyte · conducting salt · protic solvent · current/voltage · linker concentration
Representative materials: Zn2+ MOFs · Cu2+ MOFs · Al3+ MOFs
Caveat: The review warns product quality can be lower because linkers or conducting salts may remain in pores.
p008 / article p. 24056 · Section 5.5
Ionic liquids act as solvents, structure-directing agents, templates, and sometimes framework-integrated components.
Claimed effects: Provides low-vapour-pressure, recyclable, thermally stable media and can create ionic environments for MOF growth.
Controlling variables: ionic liquid identity · cation/anion interactions · template behaviour · water/solvent substitution · deep eutectic solvent choice
Representative materials: ionothermal MOFs
Caveat: Strong ionic-liquid cation-framework interactions can alter liquid characteristics and limit broad use.
p009 / article p. 24057 · Section 5.9
Functional surfaces are alternately immersed in metal-ion and linker solutions to build ordered MOF films.
Claimed effects: Provides a route to thin-film MOFs where film ordering depends on reactant sequence.
Controlling variables: surface functionality · immersion sequence · metal-ion solution · linker solution · cycle number
Representative materials: MOF thin films
Caveat: The review does not compare conductivity or device performance for the resulting films.
p008 / article p. 24056 · Section 5.7
Metal salt and linker are ground with little or no solvent, often with mild heating, to drive coordination reactions mechanically.
Claimed effects: Can reduce solvent use, shorten synthesis, and produce small particles in high yield.
Controlling variables: mechanical force · grinding method · moisture/byproduct evaporation · reaction time · metal oxide versus metal salt
Representative materials: general MOFs
Caveat: Product quality and scope vary by system; the review does not provide comparative lifecycle data.
p008 / article p. 24056 · Section 5.2
Microwave radiation supplies energy for MOF formation, replacing or accelerating conventional heating.
Claimed effects: The review states faster synthesis than conventional heating and cites rapid HKUST-1 preparation as an example.
Controlling variables: microwave power · temperature · reaction time · precursor composition
Representative materials: HKUST-1
Caveat: The cited benchmark is secondary in this extraction; details require primary-paper checking.
p008 / article p. 24056 · Section 5.4
The review frames hybridising MOFs with conductive/active materials or altering linkers/metals as routes to improve catalytic conductivity and stability.
Claimed effects: Can improve HER/OER catalytic behaviour, charge transfer, and active-site exposure.
Controlling variables: active material selection · linker functionality · metal node choice · post-treatment · hybrid dimensionality
Representative materials: MXene/MOF hybrids · GO/rGO hybrids · FeNiBTC-MXene · Cu-BTC/MXene composites
Caveat: Review explicitly warns MOFs can suffer low conductivity and acid/alkaline instability.
p002 / article p. 24050 · Section 2
MOF powders are dispersed in polymer precursor solutions, coated onto substrates, and dried/cross-linked to form coatings.
Claimed effects: Produces MOF-based SPME coatings with repeatability and reuse in the cited example.
Controlling variables: polymer precursor · substrate · drying temperature · MOF powder dispersion · coating thickness
Representative materials: PDMS/MIL-101 · PDMS/MOF-199 · ZIF-8 composite fibres
Caveat: Relevant mainly as processing/coating context, not direct bulk MOF synthesis for energy devices.
p009 / article p. 24057 · Section 5.10
Metal ions and organic linkers are heated in a solvent; water-based cases are hydrothermal.
Claimed effects: Controls crystal formation, phase selection, crystallinity, and morphology.
Controlling variables: temperature · pressure · solvent composition · reagent concentration · reaction vessel · boiling point relation
Representative materials: general MOFs
Caveat: The review gives conceptual controls, not a transferable recipe.
p008 / article p. 24056 · Section 5.1
Ultrasonic cavitation accelerates mixing, mass transport, and MOF formation.
Claimed effects: Improves dispersion, crystal quality, and synthesis time, and is framed as environmentally friendly.
Controlling variables: ultrasonic waves · cavitation · dispersion · reaction medium
Representative materials: general MOFs
Caveat: The review provides general mechanism and claimed effects only.
p008 / article p. 24056 · Section 5.6
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
The review expects ML/AI and computational chemistry to accelerate MOF screening, but identifies accurate large datasets and real-world variable complexity as major difficulties.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Outlook claim; should be used as field-direction context only.
p018 / article p. 24066 · Section 9.1
Band gaps are used to distinguish conductors, semiconductors, and insulators in MOFs, but DFT functional choice can strongly affect predicted gaps.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The numerical band-gap example is kaolinite, so it should be used as methodological caveat rather than MOF benchmark.
p003 / article p. 24051 · Section 2.2.1
Many MOFs gain structural stability from ionic metal-carboxylate interactions, but those interactions can localise carriers and suppress electrical conductivity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review generalises across MOF classes; conductive exceptions are discussed separately.
p003 / article p. 24051 · Section 2.2
Metal geometry and ligand binding mode determine whether MOFs form 1D, 2D, or 3D architectures, which in turn affects guest access, separation, catalysis, and transport pathways.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The review’s dimensionality discussion is broad and not specific to one transport measurement.
p005 / article p. 24053 · Section 2.3.3
Electrochemical synthesis is attractive for direct metal-ion supply but may produce lower-quality products if linkers or conducting salts remain in pores.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review does not quantify product-quality penalties across systems.
p008 / article p. 24056 · Section 5.5
The review argues that CA/CV plus in situ/ex situ XRD, UV-vis, EPR, TEM, XAS, XPS, Raman, and theory are needed to track dynamic MOF reconstruction and active-site formation.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: This is a methodological recommendation rather than a single validated protocol.
p016 / article p. 24064 · Section 7.3
Residual or adsorbed ligands can tune OER kinetics, interfacial electron redistribution, proton transfer, metal leaching, and charge/mass transfer in reconstructed MOF-derived catalysts.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review combines multiple ligand-modulation examples; individual mechanisms require primary verification.
p013 / article p. 24061 · Section 7.2.4
MOFs are positioned as important porous materials for sustainable energy conversion, electrochemical storage, and gas storage because of tunable pores, large surface area, and chemical functionality.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is the review authors’ synthesis rather than a single primary result.
p001 / article p. 24049 · Abstract
Oxyanion incorporation can modulate transition-metal hydroxide electronic structure during OER, affecting Ni 3d/O 2p band centres, activity, and stability.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Reported oxyanion rankings are secondary here and should not be used as primary leaderboard data.
p016 / article p. 24064 · Section 7.2.6
For photocatalysis, the review presents band-gap engineering through ligand conjugation, metal-ion selection, electron-rich nodes, linker/metal size variation, and doping.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Peripheral to electrochemical Chapter 1 use, but useful for electronic-structure framing.
p018 / article p. 24066 · Section 8.4
The review states that high porosity can conflict with electrical conductivity by reducing overlap between electronic states.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: This is a conceptual tradeoff; individual conductive porous MOFs can overcome it.
p004 / article p. 24052 · Section 2.2.2
Surface reconstruction can improve OER activity by creating active phases, but it does not always improve performance and can need inhibition if the original MOF is more active.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Important for Chapter 1 to avoid assuming reconstruction is automatically desirable.
p010 / article p. 24058 · Section 7.1.1
For MOF OER catalysts, the review stresses that the working active phase may be a reconstructed oxyhydroxide or heterojunction rather than the pristine MOF.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The degree and benefit of reconstruction are system-dependent.
p011 / article p. 24059 · Section 7.2.1
MOF morphology, nucleation, pore structure, defect density, and phase behaviour are sensitive to solvent, temperature, concentration, pH, reaction time, and pressure.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review often lists variables qualitatively; primary papers are needed for system-specific optimisation.
p009 / article p. 24057 · Section 6.3
Conductive MOFs can improve charge transport through metal-ligand bonding networks or through-space ligand stacking channels.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Specific directionality is material-dependent and can be anisotropic.
p004 / article p. 24052 · Section 2.2.2
The review distinguishes hopping transport in weakly interacting/disordered sites from band transport in crystalline systems with continuous energy bands.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review does not give a measurement protocol for separating mechanisms experimentally.
p003 / article p. 24051 · Section 2.2
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SecondaryBTC-NiCoCuO/MXene | OER/HER overpotential | 227/164 mV | 1 M KOH; OER/HER Table · Range | No verified corpus mapping | p003 / article p. 24051 · Table 1 · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCo-MOF | overpotential | 275 mV | 1 M KOH; application listed as Hydrogen-926/hour in review Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p003 / article p. 24051 · Table 1 · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu-BTC/N-Ti3C2Tx | HER overpotential | 150 mV | 1 M KOH Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p003 / article p. 24051 · Table 1 · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCuCoNi-LTH/Cu-BTC/CF | OER/HER overpotential | 1.32 V/321 mV | 1 M KOH; OER/HER Table · Range | No verified corpus mapping | p003 / article p. 24051 · Table 1 · Table 1 |
| SecondaryFeCu-BTC/WO3-WC | HER/OER overpotential | 99/276 mV | 1 M/0.1 M KOH; HER/OER Table · Range | No verified corpus mapping | p003 / article p. 24051 · Table 1 · Table 1 |
| SecondaryFeNiBTC-MXene | OER overpotential | 210 mV | 0.1 M KOH Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p003 / article p. 24051 · Table 1 · Table 1 |
| SecondaryMIL-100 (Cr) and MIL-101 (Cr) | ibuprofen loading/release | up to 1.4 g ibuprofen per g MOF; release up to 21 days | drug-delivery example using chromium-based carboxylate MOFs Text · Range | No verified corpus mapping | p017 / article p. 24065 · Section 8.2 |
| SecondaryNd1.5HOTP | electrical conductivity | 1080 S cm-1 | ambient temperature; porous lanthanide MOF Text · Exact Reported | research_0121 | p004 / article p. 24052 · Section 2.2.2 |
| SecondaryNi-MOF (Ni8) | OER overpotential | 337 mV | 1 M KOH Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p003 / article p. 24051 · Table 1 · Table 1 |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
Fundamental OER mechanisms, real-time response monitoring, and active-site identification still need further study.
Proposed direction: Combine CA/CV with in situ spectroscopy/microscopy and theory to distinguish precatalyst, reconstructed phase, and true active sites.
p012 / article p. 24060 · Section 7.2.1
Large accurate datasets for AI training are identified as a major difficulty for MOF design.
Proposed direction: Curate standardised, machine-actionable datasets linking structure, synthesis, stability, and performance.
p018 / article p. 24066 · Section 9.1
The review states that more conductive MOFs are needed for direct use in modern energy applications.
Proposed direction: Design frameworks with better charge delocalisation, conductive linkers/nodes, and validated transport mechanisms.
p001 / article p. 24049 · Abstract
The review says the complex relation between dynamic structure, adsorption capacity, and catalytic activity during OER must be investigated.
Proposed direction: Track microchemical environment, adsorption intermediates, and reconstruction state under operating conditions.
p016 / article p. 24064 · Section 7.3
Moving from laboratory synthesis to large-scale commercial MOF applications while reducing energy use, waste, and solvent burden remains challenging.
Proposed direction: Advance solvent-free, low-waste, energy-efficient synthesis and manufacturing methods.
p018 / article p. 24066 · Section 9.1
MOFs are described as rare HER electrocatalysts because of low conductivity and instability in alkaline and acidic media.
Proposed direction: Improve intrinsic conductivity and chemical stability or use carefully justified hybrid/reconstruction strategies.
p002 / article p. 24050 · Section 2
Long-term stability under demanding environmental or industrial conditions is highlighted as a challenge.
Proposed direction: Evaluate MOFs and MOF-derived catalysts under realistic moisture, pH, electrolyte, temperature, and cycling conditions.
p018 / article p. 24066 · Section 9.1
The procedures and degree of control over surface reconstruction of MOF precatalysts remain unclear.
Proposed direction: Develop in situ protocols and design rules that tune reconstruction degree rather than treating it as incidental.
p010 / article p. 24058 · Section 7.1.1
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 672025 | Scalable Co-MOF thin films for OER: Achieving low overpotential and enhanced catalytic activity via surface reconstruction | electrocatalysis_benchmarkSource cited by the review for the Co-MOF table benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 682024 | Effect of electrolyte optimization on nitrogen-doped MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x) coupled with Cu-BTC MOF for a supercapattery and the hydrogen evolution reaction | electrocatalysis_benchmarkSource cited by the review for the Cu-BTC/N-Ti3C2Tx HER benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 692023 | Multi-interfacial dendritic engineering facilitating congruous intrinsic activity of oxide-carbide/MOF nanostructured multimodal electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis | electrocatalysis_benchmarkSource cited by the review for the FeCu-BTC/WO3-WC HER/OER benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 702024 | Bimetallic Fe/Ni-BTC MOF decorated MXene hybrid for improved oxidation of water | electrocatalysis_benchmarkSource cited by the review for the FeNiBTC-MXene OER benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 712025 | Hierarchical nanoflakes anchored mesoporous Ni-MOF microspheres for efficient overall electrocatalytic water splitting | electrocatalysis_benchmarkSource cited by the review for the Ni-MOF OER benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 722025 | Trimetallic oxide catalysts from metal-organic frameworks on Ti3C2Tx MXene for enhanced water splitting | electrocatalysis_benchmarkSource cited by the review for the BTC-NiCoCuO/MXene OER/HER benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 732025 | Bifunctional self-supporting CuCoNi-LTH/Cu-BTC/CF nanoarrays for boosting electrocatalytic biomass upgrading and H2 production reactions | electrocatalysis_benchmarkSource cited by the review for the CuCoNi-LTH/Cu-BTC/CF bifunctional benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 932017 | Signature of metallic behavior in the metal-organic frameworks M3 (hexaiminobenzene) 2 (M= Ni, Cu) | transport_mechanism · conductive_mof_familyThe review uses this work for metallic behaviour and in-plane conductivity in M3(HIB)2-type frameworks. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 942020 | Electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks | transport_mechanism · review_contextThe review relies on this cited review for the hopping/band and through-bond/through-space framing. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1072020 | Efficient and tunable one-dimensional charge transport in layered lanthanide metal-organic frameworks | transport_mechanism · conductive_mof_familyThe review uses this study for out-of-plane/through-space transport in layered lanthanide MOFs. | research_0047 |
| Ref. 1172022 | Porous lanthanide metal-organic frameworks with metallic conductivity | transport_benchmark · conductive_mof_familyThe review cites this study for the reported high room-temperature conductivity of Nd1.5HOTP. | research_0121 |
| Ref. 1382021 | State-of-the-art progress of switch fluorescence biosensors based on metal-organic frameworks and nucleic acids | taxonomy_source · synthesis_schematicThe review reproduces MOF SBU and synthesis-route figures from this source. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2022012 | Synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): Routes to various MOF topologies, morphologies, and composites | synthesis_strategyThe review cites this synthesis review for mechanochemical and electrochemical synthesis caveats. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2052017 | Rapid formation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based nanocomposites in microdroplets and their applications for CO2 photoreduction | synthesis_strategyThe review cites this source while discussing accelerated microwave synthesis and rapid MOF preparation. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2062012 | Electrochemical synthesis of some archetypical Zn2+, Cu2+, and Al3+ metal organic frameworks | synthesis_strategyThe review cites this source for electrochemical MOF synthesis using anodic dissolution. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2082011 | MOF thin films: Existing and future applications | thin_films · synthesis_strategyThe review uses this source in its layer-by-layer thin-film synthesis discussion. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2102016 | Chemical vapour deposition of zeolitic imidazolate framework thin films | thin_films · synthesis_strategyThe review cites this work for CVD routes to MOF thin films. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2172014 | MOFs synthesized by the ionothermal method addressing the leaching problem of IL-polymer composite membranes | synthesis_strategyThe review cites this work for ionothermal synthesis using ionic liquids. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2242019 | A nanocomposite consisting of graphene oxide, zeolite imidazolate framework 8, and a molecularly imprinted polymer for (multiple) fiber solid phase microextraction of sterol and steroid hormones prior to their quantitation by HPLC | synthesis_strategy · processing_benchmarkThe review uses this source for sol-gel/SPME coating repeatability and reuse context. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2532022 | Self-reconstructed metal-organic framework heterojunction for switchable oxygen evolution reaction | reconstruction_mechanismThe review cites this study for hydrated/dehydrated Ni-MOF reconstruction degrees and heterojunction formation. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2652020 | Electrochemical instability of metal-organic frameworks: In situ spectroelectrochemical investigation of the real active sites | measurement_interpretation · reconstruction_mechanismThe review uses this study for in situ evidence that MOF precatalysts may transform under OER conditions. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2842024 | Ligands defect-induced structural self-reconstruction of Fe-Ni-Co-hydroxyl oxides with crystalline/amorphous heterophase from a 2D metal-organic framework for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction | reconstruction_mechanism · oer_benchmark_contextThe review cites this study for Fe-Ni-Co-MOF conversion and cation/ligand effects during OER. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 3112022 | Ligand modulation of active sites to promote electrocatalytic oxygen evolution | ligand_modulation · reconstruction_mechanismThe review cites this study for ligand modulation of active sites and electronic architecture in OER. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 3182023 | In situ electrochemical oxyanion steering of water oxidation electrocatalysts for optimized activity and stability | oxyanion_modulation · reconstruction_mechanismThe review cites this study for oxyanion steering effects on OER activity and stability. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 3202024 | Retaining the self-released chalcogenate at reconstructed cobalt sites by self-transformed carbonate regulation for boosted oxygen evolution | oxyanion_modulation · reconstruction_mechanismThe review cites this study in Figure 9 for carbonate/chalcogenate regulation of reconstructed cobalt oxyhydroxide. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 3402008 | Flexible porous metal-organic frameworks for a controlled drug delivery | application_benchmarkThe review cites this study for ibuprofen loading and prolonged release in MIL-type MOFs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 3452021 | Band gap engineering of metal-organic frameworks for solar fuel productions | photocatalysis · electronic_structureThe review cites this source for photocatalytic band-gap engineering strategies. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 3512007 | Semiconductor behavior of a metal-organic framework (MOF) | photocatalysis · electronic_structureThe review cites this study for MOF-5 semiconductor behaviour and photocatalytic phenol degradation. | Unmapped |