Primary studyCore evidenceTransport Physics

Flexible 8 V planar supercapacitors: Unleashing ionic liquid transport via Co/Ni/Mn-MOFs nanorod pore-channel modulation

Xie X., Chen Y., Jing J. et al. · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · 2025 · 182131

4materials
12samples
6synthesis routes
28measurements
90results
9claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

All three c-MOF/[EMIM][BF4] planar supercapacitors operate over an 8 V window, substantially wider than typical reported supercapacitor windows.

Caveat: High-voltage testing was under controlled laboratory conditions; long-term high-voltage safety beyond reported tests is not established.

1.2 Electrochemical measurements · Fig. S17 · Linked to 3 structured results

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

The Mn-MOF planar supercapacitor has the highest areal capacitance, areal energy density and areal power density among the three c-MOF devices in SI Table S1.

Caveat: SI table units are preserved as printed; no independent recalculation was performed.

20 · Table S1 · Linked to 3 structured results

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: Medium

Screen-printing is positioned as scalable for flexible electrode manufacturing, but hydrothermal scale-up, ink rheology and post-processing consistency remain challenges.

Caveat: The paper discusses scale-up qualitatively rather than demonstrating industrial-scale batches.

3 · 2.5 Assembly of planar symmetric supercapacitors · Linked to 2 structured results

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

Series connection extends voltage and parallel connection increases current output for Mn-MOF printed supercapacitor packs.

Caveat: CV series testing was limited by the electrochemical workstation to 13 V; 16 V verification came from GCD for 2S-SP.

8 · 3.4 · Fig. 5 · Linked to 3 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: High

Mn-MOF retains nanorod morphology after cycling but capacitance retention decreases to 72.15% after 5000 cycles, with slight XRD intensity reduction.

Caveat: Cycling protocol details are limited in the text layer.

7 · 3.2 · Figs. S9-S11 · Linked to 1 structured result

Phase AssignmentSupport assessment: High

The Co-, Ni- and Mn-HHTP products are conductive MOFs with isomorphous metal-catecholate structures.

Caveat: No CIF is supplied in the assigned documents; assignment relies on XRD/TEM/FT-IR/Raman/XPS and comparison to reported M-CAT literature.

3-4 · 3.1 · Fig. 2 · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

Mn-MOF performs best because its smaller macrocycle diameter and hierarchical pore structure better match [EMIM][BF4] ion dimensions, improving ion transport and active-site utilisation.

Caveat: Ion-transport rates are from MD models; pore-size distribution is described qualitatively/approximately in SI.

7-8 · 3.2-3.3 · Fig. 3, Fig. 4 · Linked to 4 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

HHTP hydroxyl/quinone chemistry contributes reversible redox activity, raising pseudocapacitive contribution and helping broaden the operating potential window.

Caveat: Mechanistic interpretation is inferred from spectroscopy, CV shape and literature; direct in situ redox-state tracking is not reported.

5 · 3.2 · Fig. 3 · Linked to 5 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Mn-MOF devices have the lowest charge-transfer resistance, facilitating faster internal Faradaic reactions.

Caveat: EIS values come from SI prose; equivalent-circuit fitting details are not provided in the extracted text.

7 · 3.2 · Fig. S12 · Linked to 3 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Co-MOF / Co3(HHTP)2 conductive metal-organic frameworkBrowse family: Co₃(HHTP)₂ / Co–HHTPCo3(HHTP)2Co cations; Co2+ assigned by XPS · 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP)2D · PristineIsomorphous conductive metal-catecholate c-MOF with hexagonal planar macrocycles aligned along the c-axis and pi-pi corrugated stacking into honeycomb nanorods.3 · 3.1 Physical and chemical characteristics · Fig. 1a
[EMIM][BF4]/PVDF-HFP ionic liquid gel electrolyte[EMIM][BF4] with PVDF-HFPunknown · CompositeGel electrolyte made from PVDF-HFP and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.2 · 2.3 Synthesis of ionic liquid electrolytes
Mn-MOF / Mn3(HHTP)2 conductive metal-organic frameworkBrowse family: Mn₃(HHTP)₂ familyMn3(HHTP)2Mn cations; Mn2+ assigned by XPS · 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP)2D · PristineIsomorphous conductive metal-catecholate c-MOF with hexagonal planar macrocycles aligned along the c-axis and pi-pi corrugated stacking into honeycomb nanorods.7 · 3.2 Electrochemical performance tests · Fig. 3
Ni-MOF / Ni3(HHTP)2 conductive metal-organic frameworkBrowse family: Ni₃(HHTP)₂ / Ni–HHTPNi3(HHTP)2Ni cations; Ni2+ assigned by XPS · 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP)2D · PristineIsomorphous conductive metal-catecholate c-MOF with hexagonal planar macrocycles aligned along the c-axis and pi-pi corrugated stacking into honeycomb nanorods.3 · 3.1 Physical and chemical characteristics · Fig. 1a

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 12 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Co/Ni/Mn-MOF molecular dynamics model systemsresearch_0293__mat__mn_mofModel · Model System · Modelsingle unit cell and triple c-axis expanded MD model with [EMIM][BF4] ion pairs8 · 3.3 Molecular dynamics simulation · Fig. 4
Co-MOF powderresearch_0293__mat__co_mofPowder · Pristine Control · Pristine Frameworkhydrothermal powder, washed and vacuum dried2 · 2.2 Synthesis of c-MOF products
Co-MOF planar symmetric supercapacitorresearch_0293__mat__co_mofElectrode · Composite Sample · Compositescreen-printed serrated-interdigital all-solid-state planar supercapacitorTeslin paper3 · 2.5 Assembly of planar symmetric supercapacitors · Fig. 1b
[EMIM][BF4]/PVDF-HFP gel electrolyteresearch_0293__mat__emim_bf4_gelUnknown · Composite Component · Compositegel electrolyte precursor with [EMIM][BF4] added at PVDF-HFP:[EMIM][BF4] mass ratio 1:92 · 2.3 Synthesis of ionic liquid electrolytes
2P-SP Mn-MOF supercapacitor packresearch_0293__mat__mn_mofElectrode · Composite Sample · Compositetwo Mn-MOF planar supercapacitors connected in parallelTeslin paper8 · 3.4 Applications · Fig. 5e
2S-SP Mn-MOF supercapacitor packresearch_0293__mat__mn_mofElectrode · Composite Sample · Compositetwo Mn-MOF planar supercapacitors connected in seriesTeslin paper8 · 3.4 Applications · Fig. 5
5P-SP Mn-MOF supercapacitor packresearch_0293__mat__mn_mofElectrode · Composite Sample · Compositefive Mn-MOF planar supercapacitors connected in parallelTeslin paper8 · 3.4 Applications · Fig. 5e
5S-SP Mn-MOF supercapacitor packresearch_0293__mat__mn_mofElectrode · Composite Sample · Compositefive Mn-MOF planar supercapacitors connected in seriesTeslin paper8 · 3.4 Applications · Fig. 5c
Mn-MOF powderresearch_0293__mat__mn_mofPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkhydrothermal powder, washed and vacuum dried2 · 2.2 Synthesis of c-MOF products
Mn-MOF planar symmetric supercapacitorresearch_0293__mat__mn_mofElectrode · Target Sample · Compositescreen-printed serrated-interdigital all-solid-state planar supercapacitorTeslin paper5 · 3.2 Electrochemical performance tests · Fig. 1b
Ni-MOF powderresearch_0293__mat__ni_mofPowder · Pristine Control · Pristine Frameworkhydrothermal powder, washed and vacuum dried2 · 2.2 Synthesis of c-MOF products
Ni-MOF planar symmetric supercapacitorresearch_0293__mat__ni_mofElectrode · Composite Sample · Compositescreen-printed serrated-interdigital all-solid-state planar supercapacitorTeslin paper3 · 2.5 Assembly of planar symmetric supercapacitors · Fig. 1b