Primary studyCore evidenceTransport Physics

Multifunctional covalent organic framework with extended π-d conjugated structure for lithium-sulfur batteries

Wu M., Zhang H., Cai S. et al. · Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers · 2025 · 3126-3136

5materials
9samples
3synthesis routes
32measurements
81results
6claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

Li-S cells with Ni-COF@PP separators outperform PP controls in rate capability and cycling stability.

Caveat: Cell-level performance includes S@SP cathode, electrolyte and Super P-containing separator coating; not a pristine framework-only transport result.

p008 / 3133 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5g,j · Linked to 6 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: High

Authors note Coulombic efficiency exceeds 100% during 0.5 C cycling and attribute it to active sulfur loss from shuttle effect and cathode damage.

Caveat: This caveat affects interpretation of Fig. S11 cycling/Coulombic-efficiency data.

p011 · Supporting Figures · Fig. S11 · Linked to 2 structured results

Composite RoleSupport assessment: High

Ni-COF coating on PP improves separator wettability, Li+ transference and ionic conductivity relative to bare PP.

Caveat: Ni-COF@PP contains Super P and PVDF; separator-level conductivity is not pristine-framework conductivity.

p006 / 3131 · Results and discussion · Fig. 4 · Linked to 6 structured results

Phase AssignmentSupport assessment: High

Ni ions coordinate in N2O2 pockets to form Ni-N2O2 units without compromising the covalent COF backbone.

Caveat: No CIF supplied in the assigned documents; structural model is inferred from PXRD refinement and spectroscopy.

p003-p004 / 3128-3129 · Results and discussion · Fig. 2; Fig. 3 · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

The extended pi-d conjugated Ni-COF structure improves electronic delocalisation and gives measurable electronic conductivity.

Caveat: Conductivity numeric string appears malformed in text/OCR and is normalised as 9.1 x 10^-4 S m^-1 with uncertainty.

p004-p005 / 3129-3130 · Results and discussion · Fig. 3h; Fig. S5 · Linked to 4 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

Ni-COF adsorbs LiPSs and catalyses LiPS/Li2S conversion, attributed to oxygen-containing adsorption sites and high-density Ni catalytic sites.

Caveat: Catalysis evidence is mostly application electrochemistry and qualitative CV/adsorption data; pristine Ni-COF electrode configuration includes carbon cloth/current collectors.

p006-p007 / 3131-3132 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5 · Linked to 6 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Ni-COFnot explicitly reported; Ni-N2O2-containing imine/quinone COF from HBC, TABQ and Ni(OAc)2.4H2ONi ions coordinated in N2O2 pockets at COF corner regions; Ni-N/O coordination; Ni oxidation state +2 · 2,3,5,6-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TABQ) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (HBC)2D · PristineAA-stacked crystalline COF; PXRD peaks assigned to (110), (020), (200); Pawley unit cell a = 15.4129 A, b = 20.6895 A, c = 3.5606 A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 deg.p003 / 3128 · Results and discussion · Fig. 1, Fig. 2
Ni-COF computational modelperiodic Ni-COF slab/modelNi-N/O coordination sites · HBC/TABQ-derived model framework2D · Model SystemDFT model with x/y directions parallel to Ni-COF plane and 20 A vacuum along z.p006 · Calculation Details · Fig. 3g,h
Ni-COF@PP separatorcomposite separator; Ni-COF/Super P/PVDF slurry on polypropyleneNi from Ni-COF component · Ni-COF framework component plus Super P and PVDF binder on Celgard 2500 PPunknown · CompositeOne-side coating of Ni-COF slurry on PP separator; Ni-COF layer covers PP macropores and is about 15 um thick.p002 · Preparation of Ni-COF@PP separator
Commercial PP separatorpolypropylene separator (Celgard 2500)none · polypropyleneunknown · UnknownCommercial PP separator used as control in wetting, ion-transport and Li-S battery measurements.p002 · Preparation of Ni-COF@PP separator
S@SP cathodesulfur/Super P/PVDF cathode compositenone · sulfur, Super P carbon, PVDF binderunknown · CompositeSulfur cathode used in CR2032 Li-S battery tests; TGA gives 64.5% sulfur in S@SP compound.p002 · Preparation of S@SP cathode · Fig. S12

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 9 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
CR2032 Li-S cell with Ni-COF@PP separatorresearch_0320__mat__ni_cof_pp_separatorElectrode · Composite Sample · CompositeLi foil counter/reference, S@SP working cathode, Ni-COF@PP separator, 1 M LiTFSI DOL/DME 1/1 + 0.1 M LiNO3CR2032 coin cellp002-p003 · Coin cell fabrication and electrochemical measurements
CR2032 Li-S cell with PP separator controlresearch_0320__mat__pp_separatorElectrode · Pristine Control · CompositeLi foil counter/reference, S@SP working cathode, PP separator, 1 M LiTFSI DOL/DME 1/1 + 0.1 M LiNO3CR2032 coin cellp002-p003 · Coin cell fabrication and electrochemical measurements
Ni-COF-based carbon-cloth electrode for Li2S nucleationresearch_0320__mat__ni_cofElectrode · Composite Sample · CompositeNi-COF material dispersed/dissolved in isopropanol and dropped onto carbon cloth disksround carbon cloth disk, 12 mm · total mass loading around 1 mgp005-p006 · Li2S nucleation measurements
Ni-COF Li2S6 symmetric cell electroderesearch_0320__mat__ni_cofElectrode · Composite Sample · Compositesymmetrical cell assembled using 20 uL Li2S6 catholytesymmetric cell electrode · mass loading around 1 mg cm-2p005 · Li2S6 symmetric cells test · Fig. 5b
periodic Ni-COF DFT modelresearch_0320__mat__ni_cof_dft_modelModel · Model System · ModelVASP/PBE/PAW/DFT-D3 periodic model; Gaussian 09/B3LYP geometry optimisation also reported20 A vacuum layer along zp006 · Calculation Details · Fig. 3g,h
as-synthesised Ni-COF powder/precipitateresearch_0320__mat__ni_cofPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkblack precipitate filtered, washed with DMF/MeOH, dried under vacuum at 80 C overnightp002 · Synthesis of Ni-COF
Ni-COF@PP composite separatorresearch_0320__mat__ni_cof_pp_separatorThin Film · Composite Sample · CompositeNi-COF/Super P/PVDF slurry coated on one side of PP; dried at 50 C for 12 h; cut into 16 mm discsCelgard 2500 PP separator · Ni-COF coating thickness ~15 um; PP separator cross-section shown as 25.50 um in Fig. S6p002 · Preparation of Ni-COF@PP separator · Fig. S6
commercial PP separator controlresearch_0320__mat__pp_separatorThin Film · Pristine Control · Unknowncommercial PP used as received in separator and cell comparisonscross-section shown as 25.50 um in Fig. S6p003 · Li || Li symmetric cells assembly
S@SP cathoderesearch_0320__mat__s_sp_cathodeElectrode · Composite Sample · Compositemelt-diffused S@SP mixed with SP and PVDF 8:1:1, coated and vacuum driedcarbon-coated Al foil · 12 mm discs; sulfur loading approximately 1.5 mg cm-2p002 · Preparation of S@SP cathode · Fig. S12