Coarsening-induced hierarchically interconnected porous carbon polyhedrons for stretchable ionogel-based supercapacitors

7materials

12samples

15synthesis routes

24measurements

88results

5claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Electrochemistry Application7 measurements44 results →Porosity8 measurements24 results →Electrical Transport3 measurements13 results →Diffraction Structure3 measurements4 results →Microscopy Morphology3 measurements3 results →

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

HIC gives the best ionic-liquid coin-cell supercapacitor performance among HIC, NIC and MMC, with the highest capacitance, energy density, rate retention and cycling stability.

Caveat: Electrode formulation and full comparison tables are in missing SI. Table S3 contains a capacitance-condition inconsistency (268.4 F g-1 labelled at 1 A g-1) relative to main text/Table S2; the main-text/Table S2 current condition is used for primary comparison.

p005 / journal page 384 · Results and discussion · Figure 3 · Linked to 6 structured results

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

HIC can be incorporated into current-collector-free stretchable ionogel supercapacitors that maintain performance at 120% tensile strain.

Caveat: Device formulation and literature comparison table are in missing SI.

p007 / journal page 386 · Results and discussion · Figure 4 · Linked to 4 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

Thermolysis-time-controlled coarsening of Cu nanoparticles creates larger and more interconnected meso-/macropores after HCl etching.

Caveat: The 24 h over-coarsened sample is only described through missing Figure S4.

p002 / journal page 381 · Results and discussion · Figure 2; Figure S4/S5 referenced · Linked to 4 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

Vapour-phase polymerisation of phenol-formaldehyde inside HKUST-1 increases carbon content while preserving octahedral morphology, enabling high-surface-area MOF-derived carbons.

Caveat: Detailed VPP recipe and supplementary XRD/TGA evidence are in missing SI.

p002 / journal page 381 · Results and discussion · Figure S3 referenced · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

The hierarchically interconnected large meso-/macropores in HIC improve ionic-liquid ion transport and electrode surface utilisation compared with NIC and MMC.

Caveat: Transport evidence is electrochemical impedance and rate performance in porous carbon electrodes, not direct intrinsic electronic conductivity of HKUST-1.

p005-p006 / journal pages 384-385 · Results and discussion · Figure 3 · Linked to 9 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

Material	Composition	Structure context	Source
Cu nanoparticle/carbon intermediates (Cu@C)	Cu nanoparticles embedded in MOF-derived carbonmetallic Cu nanoparticles formed from HKUST-1 Cu · carbonised btc and phenol-formaldehyde derived carbon	3D · DerivedOctahedral carbon matrix with Cu nanoparticles whose coarsening size depends on thermolysis time.	p002 / journal page 381 · Results and discussion · Figure 2c-h
Hierarchically interconnected porous carbon polyhedrons (HIC)	C, MOF-derived carbon	3D · DerivedActivated MOF-derived carbon polyhedrons with hierarchically interconnected micro-/meso-/macropores.	p001 / journal page 380 · Abstract
Monodisperse HKUST-1 MOF crystals (mMOF)Browse family: HKUST-1 / Cu₃(BTC)₂	HKUST-1, [Cu3(btc)2] as written in main textCu nodes / open Cu metal sites · btc (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate; named only as btc in main text)	3D · PristineMonodisperse octahedral HKUST-1 crystals prepared by modified hydrothermal synthesis with PVP modulator; Figure S2 reportedly shows same crystalline and textural features as conventional HKUST-1.	p002 / journal page 381 · Results and discussion · Figure 2a
MOF-derived micro-/small mesoporous carbon (MMC)	C, MOF-derived carbon	3D · DerivedActivated MOF-derived carbon polyhedron without large mesopores; micropore/small-mesopore dominated control.	p003 / journal page 382 · Figure 1 caption · Figure 1
MOF-derived non-interconnected mesoporous carbon (NIC)	C, MOF-derived carbon	3D · DerivedActivated MOF-derived carbon polyhedron with separated large mesopores but without hierarchical interconnection.	p003 / journal page 382 · Figure 1 caption · Figure 1
polymer@MOFBrowse family: HKUST-1 / Cu₃(BTC)₂	phenol-formaldehyde polymer infiltrated in HKUST-1Cu sites from HKUST-1 · btc plus phenol-formaldehyde polymer precursor	3D · CompositeOctahedral polymer-infiltrated HKUST-1 composite retaining characteristic HKUST-1 XRD peaks after vapour-phase polymerisation.	p002 / journal page 381 · Results and discussion · Figure 2b
Stretchable HIC-based ionogel supercapacitor	HIC/SWCNT/Super-P/P(VDF-HFP) electrodes with [EMI][TFSI]/P(VDF-HFP) ionogel	unknown · CompositeCurrent-collector-free stretchable device made by transferring spray-coated wavy HIC composite electrodes onto ionogel.	p006 / journal page 385 · Results and discussion · Figure 4a

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 12 sample records

Sample	Form and role	Processing and geometry	Source
aHICresearch_0611__mat__mat_hic	Powder · Target Sample · Derived Carbon	Cu@C_12 h etched with 1 M HCl, before CO2 activation.	p003 / journal page 382 · Results and discussion · Figure 2k,l; Table 1
aMMCresearch_0611__mat__mat_mmc	Powder · Pristine Control · Derived Carbon	MOF-templated polymer thermolysed at 800 degC for 1 h before CO2 activation.	p004 / journal page 383 · Results and discussion · Table 1
aNICresearch_0611__mat__mat_nic	Powder · Pristine Control · Derived Carbon	Cu@C_1 h etched with 1 M HCl, before CO2 activation.	p003 / journal page 382 · Results and discussion · Figure 2i,j; Table 1
Cu@C_12 hresearch_0611__mat__mat_cu_c_intermediate	Powder · Composite Component · Derived Carbon	polymer@MOF thermolysed for 12 h; coarsened Cu nanoparticles and movement paths generate large pores.	p003 / journal page 382 · Results and discussion · Figure 2d,g,h
Cu@C_1 hresearch_0611__mat__mat_cu_c_intermediate	Powder · Composite Component · Derived Carbon	polymer@MOF thermolysed for 1 h; metallic Cu nanoparticles embedded in octahedral carbon matrix.	p002 / journal page 381 · Results and discussion · Figure 2c,e,f
Cu@C_24 hresearch_0611__mat__mat_cu_c_intermediate	Powder · Composite Component · Derived Carbon	polymer@MOF thermolysed for 24 h; over-coarsening causes collapse.	p002 / journal page 381 · Results and discussion · Figure S4 referenced
HICresearch_0611__mat__mat_hic	Electrode · Target Sample · Derived Carbon	aHIC after hot CO2 activation; assembled into symmetric coin cells with [EMI][BF4] electrolyte.symmetric coin cell electrode on Sigracet 29AA carbon paper	p004 / journal page 383 · Results and discussion · Figure 2m-p; Figure 3
MMCresearch_0611__mat__mat_mmc	Electrode · Pristine Control · Derived Carbon	aMMC after hot CO2 activation; assembled into symmetric coin cells with [EMI][BF4] electrolyte.symmetric coin cell electrode on Sigracet 29AA carbon paper	p004 / journal page 383 · Results and discussion · Figure 2m-p; Figure 3
mMOFresearch_0611__mat__mat_hkust1_mmof	Powder · Pristine Control · Pristine Framework	Monodisperse HKUST-1 crystals from modified hydrothermal synthesis using PVP modulator.	p002 / journal page 381 · Results and discussion · Figure 2a
NICresearch_0611__mat__mat_nic	Electrode · Pristine Control · Derived Carbon	aNIC after hot CO2 activation; assembled into symmetric coin cells with [EMI][BF4] electrolyte.symmetric coin cell electrode on Sigracet 29AA carbon paper	p004 / journal page 383 · Results and discussion · Figure 2m-p; Figure 3
polymer@MOFresearch_0611__mat__mat_polymer_mof	Powder · Composite Component · Guest Loaded	Phenol-formaldehyde precursor vapour-phase polymerised inside thermally activated mMOF and washed with MeCN.	p002 / journal page 381 · Results and discussion · Figure 2b
stretchable HIC-based SCresearch_0611__mat__mat_stretchable_hic_device	Electrode · Composite Sample · Composite	Spray-coated HIC/SWCNT/Super-P/P(VDF-HFP) wavy electrodes transferred to [EMI][TFSI]/P(VDF-HFP) ionogel.pre-strained Ecoflex rubbery substrate during coating; final current-collector-free ionogel device	p006 / journal page 385 · Results and discussion · Figure 4a