Primary studyCore evidenceTheory Transport

2D Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on Tetraoxa[8]circulenes as Promising Cathode for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

Chang Z., Zhu M., Li Z. et al. · Small · 2024 · 2400923

4materials
8samples
4synthesis routes
28measurements
131results
7claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

Cu-TOC delivers the highest initial reversible capacity among the three M-TOCs at 50 mA g-1, attributed to superior conductivity and joint metal-node/ligand redox participation.

Caveat: Electrochemical data are from composite electrodes containing carbon black and PVDF, not neat MOF films.

p.9 · 3. Conclusion · Linked to 4 structured results

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: Medium

Using a Nafion membrane improves Cu-TOC long-term cycling relative to glass fibre, attributed to cation selectivity preventing anion crossover.

Caveat: Nafion result is reported qualitatively as maintaining all capacity; exact plotted value was not available from SI text.

p.6 · 2.5 · Figure S10 · Linked to 2 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: Medium

The M-TOC frameworks are chemically robust to 3-day soaking in DMF, DCM, THF, methanol, acetonitrile and water by PXRD comparison.

Caveat: Qualitative PXRD stability assessment; rendered SI verifies the figure but no numeric stability metric is reported.

p.12 · 2.2 · Figure S7

Phase AssignmentSupport assessment: High

Cu-TOC is assigned to an AB-stacked tetragonal Pmma structure, whereas Zn-TOC and Mn-TOC are assigned to AA-stacked P4/mmm structures.

Caveat: Assignments are based on PXRD profile fitting combined with simulated structures rather than single-crystal structures of the MOFs.

p.2 · 2.2 · Figure 1 · Linked to 5 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

UPS indicates the Fermi level approaches the HOMO edge in the order Mn-TOC, Zn-TOC, Cu-TOC, which the authors link to enhanced conductivity.

Caveat: The link is interpretive and based on UPS trends plus conductivity data.

p.5 · 2.2 · Figure 3g · Linked to 6 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Capacitive processes dominate the electrochemical kinetics of the M-TOCs across the measured scan rates, supporting their rate capability.

Caveat: Several scan-rate contribution values are read from figure labels rather than text tables.

p.7 · 2.6 · Figure 6j-l · Linked to 10 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

All three M-TOCs show semiconducting temperature-dependent conductivity following Arrhenius behaviour, with Cu-TOC having the highest room-temperature conductivity and lowest activation energy.

Caveat: Transport measured on pressed-powder pellets; grain-boundary effects may contribute.

p.5 · 2.3 · Figure 3h-i · Linked to 6 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
tetraoxa[8]circulene-2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12-octaol (8OH-TOC)C24H8O12none · tetraoxa[8]circulene octaol molecule0D · Pristinemolecular redox-active ligand/control, not a MOFp.2 · 2.1. Synthesis of 8OH-TOC and M-TOCs
Cu-TOCCu2C12O12·0.85DMF·6H2OCu ions; predominantly Cu2+ with minor Cu+ at defect sites · 8OH-TOC2D · Pristine2D conductive MOF; tetragonal structure, AB stacking, Pmma space groupp.2 · 2.2. Structural Characterization and Properties of M-TOCs · Figure 1
Mn-TOCMn2C12O12·0.84DMF·3H2OMn2+ ions · 8OH-TOC2D · Pristine2D conductive MOF; AA stacking, P4/mmm space groupp.2 · 2.2. Structural Characterization and Properties of M-TOCs · Figure 1
Zn-TOCZn2C12O12·0.7DMF·6H2OZn2+ ions · 8OH-TOC2D · Pristine2D conductive MOF; AA stacking, P4/mmm space groupp.2 · 2.2. Structural Characterization and Properties of M-TOCs · Figure 1

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 8 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
8OH-TOC cathode electroderesearch_0712__mat__mat_8oh_tocElectrode · Pristine Control · Compositeslurry-cast cathode for CR2032 Zn-ion cellsstainless steel meshMaterials and Methods, Electrochemical measurements
8OH-TOC ligand powderresearch_0712__mat__mat_8oh_tocPowder · Pristine Control · Unknownblack powder after BBr3 demethylation/hydrolysisExperimental Section, Synthesis of 8OH-TOC
Cu-TOC cathode electroderesearch_0712__mat__mat_cu_tocElectrode · Composite Sample · Compositeslurry-cast cathode for CR2032 Zn-ion cellsstainless steel meshMaterials and Methods, Electrochemical measurements
Cu-TOC black powder / pressed pelletresearch_0712__mat__mat_cu_tocPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworksolvothermal black powder; washed with water, DMF and acetone; dried under vacuum at 60 °CExperimental Section, Synthesis of M-TOCs
Mn-TOC cathode electroderesearch_0712__mat__mat_mn_tocElectrode · Composite Sample · Compositeslurry-cast cathode for CR2032 Zn-ion cellsstainless steel meshMaterials and Methods, Electrochemical measurements
Mn-TOC black powder / pressed pelletresearch_0712__mat__mat_mn_tocPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworksolvothermal black powder; washed with water, DMF and acetone; dried under vacuum at 60 °CExperimental Section, Synthesis of M-TOCs
Zn-TOC cathode electroderesearch_0712__mat__mat_zn_tocElectrode · Composite Sample · Compositeslurry-cast cathode for CR2032 Zn-ion cellsstainless steel meshMaterials and Methods, Electrochemical measurements
Zn-TOC black powder / pressed pelletresearch_0712__mat__mat_zn_tocPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworksolvothermal black powder; washed with water, DMF and acetone; dried under vacuum at 60 °CExperimental Section, Synthesis of M-TOCs