Synthesis · Conductive metal-organic framework flowers facilitate the anchoring and conversion kinetics of polysulfides for lithium‑sulfur batteries

5 structured synthesis routes

Completeness describes how fully the route could be reconstructed from the main article and supporting information.

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 1: Other

p002-p003 · 2.3. Package of LSBs

SolventsCS2; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; electrolyte DOL/DME 1:1 with LiTFSI/LiNO3

AdditivesSuper P and PVDF binder; LiTFSI and LiNO3 electrolyte salts

Atmosphereglove box for CNT/S preparation and coin-cell packaging

Temperature155

Substrate orientationslurry coated on Al plate and punched into 10 mm disks

Oxidant / reductantsulfur and Li metal used in final cell

Work-upCNT/S active material mixed with Super P and PVDF at mass ratio 8:1:1 in NMP; coated on Al plate

Activationnot specified

Scalability contextCoin-type Li-S cells; sulfur loading around 2.0 mg cm-2 for standard tests.

Show 8 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	CNT powder	CNT:sulfur mass ratio 1:3	p002-p003 · 2.3. Package of LSBs
Other	sulfur	CNT:sulfur mass ratio 1:3 · 99.99%	p002-p003 · 2.3. Package of LSBs
Solvent	CS2	added slowly	p002-p003 · 2.3. Package of LSBs
Solvent	N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone	Not specified	p002-p003 · 2.3. Package of LSBs
Additive	Super P	active:Super P:PVDF = 8:1:1	p002-p003 · 2.3. Package of LSBs
Additive	PVDF	active:Super P:PVDF = 8:1:1	p002-p003 · 2.3. Package of LSBs
Electrolyte	lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide	1 M	p002-p003 · 2.3. Package of LSBs
Electrolyte	lithium nitrate	0.1 M	p002-p003 · 2.3. Package of LSBs

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 2: Other

p003 · 2.4. Preparation of LPS solutions

Solventsthe Li-S electrolyte (specific composition not repeated in this section)

Atmospherenot specified

Temperature50

Time24

Oxidant / reductantLi2S and sulfur, molar ratio 1:5

Work-upused directly for adsorption and permeation experiments

Activationnot applicable

Scalability contextSolution concentration 0.1 M; no volume stated.

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	Li2S	molar ratio Li2S:sulfur = 1:5	p003 · 2.4. Preparation of LPS solutions
Other	sulfur	molar ratio Li2S:sulfur = 1:5	p003 · 2.4. Preparation of LPS solutions
Electrolyte	Li-S battery electrolyte	0.1 M Li2S6 final	p003 · 2.4. Preparation of LPS solutions

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 3: Other

p003 · 2.4. Preparation of LPS solutions

Solvents15 mL DOL/DME, 1:1 by volume

Atmospherenot specified

Temperature55

Oxidant / reductant16.8 mg sulfur and 3.5 mg Li2S

Work-upused for Li2S precipitation experiment

Activationnot applicable

Scalability context5 mM Li2S8 solution in 15 mL solvent; reaction time not reported.

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	sulfur	16.8 mg	p003 · 2.4. Preparation of LPS solutions
Other	Li2S	3.5 mg	p003 · 2.4. Preparation of LPS solutions
Solvent	DOL/DME	15 mL, 1:1 by volume · 5 mM Li2S8 final	p003 · 2.4. Preparation of LPS solutions

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 4: Hydrothermal

p002 · 2.2. Synthesis of flowery MIL-47 layer

Metal precursorsVOSO4.xH2O, 0.122 g

Linker precursorsH2BDC, 0.125 g

Solvents60 mL deionized water; water and ethanol washes

AdditivesCNT wafer pretreated with HNO3/H2SO4 (v/v 3:1)

Atmospheresealed hydrothermal autoclave; gas atmosphere not specified

Temperature160

Time48

Substrate orientationprocessed CNT wafer fastened into Teflon fillister, vertically and completely immersed in the precursor solution

Work-upwashed with water and ethanol

Activationvacuum dried at 60 deg C overnight

Scalability context100 mL autoclave, 19 mm CNT wafers; no scale-up demonstrated.

Show 5 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	VOSO4.xH2O	0.122 g	p002 · 2.2. Synthesis of flowery MIL-47 layer
Linker	H2BDC	0.125 g	p002 · 2.2. Synthesis of flowery MIL-47 layer
Solvent	deionized water	60 mL	p002 · 2.2. Synthesis of flowery MIL-47 layer
Acid	HNO3/H2SO4	v/v 3:1 mixture	p002 · 2.2. Synthesis of flowery MIL-47 layer
Other	CNT wafer	19 mm diameter	p002 · 2.2. Synthesis of flowery MIL-47 layer

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 5: Hydrothermal

p002 · 2.2. Synthesis of flowery MIL-47 layer

Metal precursorsVOSO4.xH2O, 0.122 g

Linker precursorsH2BDC, 0.125 g

Solvents60 mL deionized water; water and ethanol washes

Additivesnone beyond shared MIL-47/CNT precursor solution

Atmospheresealed hydrothermal autoclave; gas atmosphere not specified

Temperature160

Time48

Substrate orientationpowder collected from bottom of autoclave, not substrate-bound

Work-upcollected by centrifugation, washed with water and ethanol

Activationvacuum dried at 60 deg C overnight

Scalability contextBy-product powder from same autoclave synthesis; yield not reported.

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	VOSO4.xH2O	0.122 g	p002 · 2.2. Synthesis of flowery MIL-47 layer
Linker	H2BDC	0.125 g	p002 · 2.2. Synthesis of flowery MIL-47 layer
Solvent	deionized water	60 mL	p002 · 2.2. Synthesis of flowery MIL-47 layer