Yuxuan Guo, Kuaibing Wang, Ye Hong, Hua Wu and Qichun Zhang · Dalton Transactions · 2021
Summarise recent progress in pristine 2D MOFs as active supercapacitor electrodes, covering synthetic design strategies, electrochemical performance and working mechanisms.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Synthesises caveats and future directions, including unclear electrolyte interactions, single-crystal growth, stability, conductivity of layered MOFs and structural changes during cycling.
Relevance: Core · p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
Reviews early conductive MOFs, pi-conjugated frameworks, conductivity measurements, charge-transport mechanisms, and electrode demonstrations.
Relevance: Core · p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2
Introduces supercapacitor classes, 2D materials, MOF definitions, and the dimensionality argument for 2D MOFs versus 3D MOFs.
Relevance: Core · p. 11332 / attached p002 · Introduction
Covers pillar-layered MOFs, top-down and bottom-up nanosheets, conductive-matrix compositing, and derived lamellar structures.
Relevance: Core · p. 11338 / attached p008 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
Table 1 contrasts 2D MOF cycle stability, conductivity, porosity and hybridisation advantages with disadvantages such as crystallisation difficulty, lower energy/power density and unresolved conductive mechanisms.
Categories: 2D MOFs · 3D MOFs
p. 11333 / attached p003 · Introduction · Table 1
The review organises supercapacitor-relevant 2D MOFs into intrinsically conductive planar systems and layered/pillared/nanosheet systems whose conductivity often needs engineering.
Categories: 2D conductive MOFs · 2D layered MOFs including pillar-layered MOFs and 2D nanosheets
p. 11331 / attached p001 · Abstract
The introduction situates MOF electrodes within standard supercapacitor classes, useful for distinguishing EDLC behaviour from pseudocapacitive and battery-type mechanisms.
Categories: electric double-layer capacitors · pseudocapacitors · battery-type capacitors · hybrid supercapacitors
p. 11332 / attached p002 · Introduction
The review distinguishes exfoliative routes such as Tyndall scattering, sonication-assisted liquid and solvent-induced delamination from bottom-up hydro/solvothermal, interfacial and Langmuir-Blodgett construction.
Categories: top-down delamination/exfoliation · bottom-up construction
p. 11338 / attached p008 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 5
The review reports Meng et al.'s division of intrinsic conductive-MOF charge transport into hopping between donor/acceptor sites and delocalised band transport through valence or conduction bands.
Categories: hopping transport · band transport
p. 11336 / attached p006 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
2D conductive coordination polymers/nanosheets based on sulfur-rich dithiolene or benzenehexathiol ligands.
Conduction: Conductivity is discussed as sensitive to structure, doping and film/pellet form.
Representative materials: Ni3(BHT)2 · Pd3(BHT)2 · Cu3(BHT)2
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Pd · Cu · benzenehexathiol · bis(dithiolene)
p. 11334-11335 / attached p004-p005 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 1
Cu-CAT or Ni-CAT nanowire/nanowire-array conductive MOFs grown on carbon fibre paper or carbon nanofibres.
Conduction: Ordered arrays and direct growth reduce ion/electron transmission resistance and improve rate behaviour.
Representative materials: Cu-CAT NWAs · Ni-CAT NWAs/CNF · CNF@Ni-CAT
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ni · catechol-type HTTP/HHTP linkers
p. 11338 / attached p008 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 4d-e
A 2D conductive MOF based on a D2-symmetric catechol-containing dibenzochrysene linker.
Conduction: Reviewed as delivering high areal and volumetric capacitances in aqueous electrolyte.
Representative materials: Cu-DBC
Nodes / linkers: Cu · dibenzochrysene catechol linkers
p. 11336 / attached p006 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs
2D conductive MOFs built using small hexaaminobenzene linkers to create sub-nanopores and high volumetric/areal capacitance.
Conduction: The small linker geometry supports dense frameworks and redox-active pseudocapacitive storage.
Representative materials: Cu-HAB · Ni-HAB
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ni · hexaaminobenzene
p. 11336 / attached p006 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 2b
2D graphene-analogue MOFs built from conjugated triphenylene-type linkers and transition-metal nodes.
Conduction: Extended pi-d conjugation gives high skeletal conductivity and EDLC-like electrode behaviour in some examples.
Representative materials: Co/Ni/Cu HHTP MOFs · Ni3(HITP)2 · Cu3(HITP)2
Nodes / linkers: Co · Ni · Cu · hexahydroxytriphenylene · hexaiminotriphenylene
p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 1
2D layered MOFs or nanosheets combined with carbon fibres, CNTs, rGO or metal oxides to compensate limited conductivity.
Conduction: Conductive matrices promote rapid charge transfer and electrolyte transport.
Representative materials: CNF@c-MOF · Ni-MOF/C-CNT · Co-MOF/rGO-40 · Cu-MOF@delta-MnO2
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Co · Cu · various MOF nanosheet linkers · carbon/inorganic conductive additives
p. 11340 / attached p010 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 7
Layered MOFs used as templates or precursors for derived lamellar hydroxide or transformed electrode phases.
Conduction: Used by the review to discuss phase transformation and cycling intermediates rather than pristine conductivity alone.
Representative materials: CoMn-LDH-SO4 · CoFRS · NiFRS · FeSC1 · FeSC2
Nodes / linkers: Co · Mn · Ni · Fe · ZIF-derived templates · triazole/benzene dicarboxylate · TATB-based ligands
p. 11341 / attached p011 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 8
Layered metal paddle-wheel MOFs linked by functionalised BDC ligands and pillared by DABCO.
Conduction: Layered topology gives accessible charge storage, but pillar-layered MOFs often require conductivity engineering.
Representative materials: Ni-DMOF-ADC · DMOF
Nodes / linkers: Ni · functionalised BDC · DABCO pillar
p. 11339 / attached p009 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs
Tetrathiafulvalene-octacarboxylate 2D MOFs with redox-active ligands and proton/electronic conduction coupling.
Conduction: Water, dimethylammonium and carboxyl groups enable proton conduction, while TTF redox assists interface charge transfer.
Representative materials: In-TTFOC · TTFOC
Nodes / linkers: In · tetrathiafulvalene octacarboxylate
p. 11336 / attached p006 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 3
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Build MOF nanosheets directly via hydro/solvothermal, interfacial, defect-mediated or Langmuir-Blodgett routes.
Claimed effects: Creates layered MOF nanosheets with controlled morphology and application-relevant surface area.
Controlling variables: defect-mediated transformation · interfacial growth · hydrothermal/solvothermal conditions · Langmuir-Blodgett assembly
Representative materials: lanthanide-based MOF nanosheets · hafnium-based MOF nanosheet · Co-MOF nanosheets
Caveat: The review groups several synthesis families; evidence varies by material.
p. 11338 / attached p008 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 5
Combine pillar-layered or nanosheet MOFs with carbon-based or inorganic conductive materials.
Claimed effects: Addresses low conductivity of layered MOFs and improves charge/electrolyte transfer.
Controlling variables: carbon nanofibres · CNT loading · rGO paper · metal oxide nanosheets · interfacial contact
Representative materials: CNF@c-MOF · Ni-MOF/C-CNT · Co-MOF/rGO-40 · Cu-MOF@delta-MnO2
Caveat: The review explicitly says detailed synergistic mechanisms remain unclear.
p. 11340 / attached p010 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 7
Grow MOF nanowires or arrays directly on carbon fibre paper or carbon nanofibres.
Claimed effects: Provides better transmission paths, promotes ion diffusion and reduces charge-transfer resistance.
Controlling variables: support chemistry · hydrothermal growth · array ordering · binder-free electrode contact
Representative materials: Cu-CAT NWAs · Ni-CAT NWAs/CNF · CNF@Ni-CAT
Caveat: Architecture-dependent comparisons should not be generalised without primary electrode details.
p. 11338 / attached p008 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 4d-e
Deposits 2D Ni3(HITP)2 nanosheets onto nickel foam to form supercapacitor electrodes.
Claimed effects: Improves electrode integration and enables long-cycle symmetric SC operation.
Controlling variables: nanosheet dispersion · deposition substrate · neutral electrolyte · electrode morphology
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 nanosheets
Caveat: Evidence is secondary and device-specific; primary paper needed for deposition details.
p. 11336 / attached p006 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 2c
Use an interface between reagent phases to assemble 2D conductive nanosheets or films.
Claimed effects: Can produce 2D pi-conjugated nanosheets and conductive films.
Controlling variables: organic/water phase boundary · metal salt · conjugated linker · film morphology
Representative materials: Ni3(BHT)2 · Cu3(BHT)2
Caveat: The review notes structure and conductivity can depend on morphology and measurement form.
p. 11333-11335 / attached p003-p005 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 1
Integrate active and conductive MOF components into one oriented array using a template.
Claimed effects: Combines a redox-active unit with a conducting component to activate adjacent MOF regions and improve capacitance.
Controlling variables: template · active MOF · conducting MOF · array orientation
Representative materials: Ni//Cu MOF array · Ni-MOF-24 · Cu3(HITP)2
Caveat: The review treats it as a performance strategy; mechanism should be checked in the original study.
p. 11337 / attached p007 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 4a-c
Use layered MOFs as precursors or templates to form derived lamellar hydroxides or transformed active phases.
Claimed effects: Creates derived electrodes and opens mechanism questions about whether the active phase is the original MOF or a transformed intermediate.
Controlling variables: MOF template · metal salt source · alkaline electrolyte · cycling-induced phase transformation
Representative materials: CoMn-LDH-SO4 · CoFRS · NiFRS · FeSC1
Caveat: Secondary evidence highlights uncertainty in structural alteration after cycling.
p. 11341 / attached p011 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 8
Prepare 2D MOF nanosheets by exfoliating layered or 3D MOFs.
Claimed effects: Accesses ultrathin MOF nanosheets from pre-formed layered/3D frameworks.
Controlling variables: layered precursor · intercalation · sonication · solvent-induced delamination
Representative materials: {Zn(TPA)(H2O).DMF}n · [Cu(bpy)2(OTf)2]8 · Ti2(HDOBDC)2(H2DOBDC)
Caveat: Discussed at strategy level only; not all examples are supercapacitor electrodes.
p. 11338 / attached p008 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 5
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
The review argues that 2D MOFs are well suited to energy and portable-device supercapacitor applications because they combine accessible active sites, open channels, reasonable conductivity and fast charge/discharge behaviour.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is a broad review framing rather than a single primary benchmark.
p. 11331 / attached p001 · Abstract
The review presents 2D MOFs as promising but not unconditionally superior to 3D MOFs; quasi-1D pores and dense stacks can limit all-direction ion/electron transport.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Based on a secondary comparison table and cited modelling/analysis, not an extracted primary dataset.
p. 11332-11333 / attached p002-p003 · Introduction · Table 1
The outlook identifies computational modelling as a tool to guide new conductive MOF design and predict structural changes during electrochemical cycling.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Future-facing recommendation rather than established evidence.
p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
The review concludes that 2D conductive MOF electrodes can show strong conductivity and endurance even without conductive additives, unlike many layered MOF electrodes.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: This is a comparative secondary conclusion and should be checked against individual electrode designs.
p. 11341-11342 / attached p011-p012 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs
Early MOF energy-storage use was limited by very low conductivity, motivating the development of conductive 2D MOFs.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Chronology is review-selected rather than exhaustive.
p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Scheme 1
The HAB-linked conductive MOF example is interpreted as storing charge by pseudocapacitance rather than electric-double-layer storage.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Mechanistic statement is reported from the review's description of one study.
p. 11336 / attached p006 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 2b
Intrinsic conductive MOFs are reviewed as operating through either hopping transport or band transport, depending on localised versus delocalised charge pathways.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review attributes this taxonomy to Meng et al.; it is a conceptual mechanism split rather than a direct benchmark.
p. 11336 / attached p006 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs
For pillar-layered MOFs, limited conductivity is described as a practical barrier, often addressed by compositing with conductive carbon or inorganic matrices.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Compositing improves performance but can obscure the intrinsic MOF contribution.
p. 11340 / attached p010 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 7
The same conductive-MOF family can show very different conductivity depending on pellet, pressed film, thin film or structural/grain-boundary context.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review gives selected examples; primary measurement geometry should be checked before comparison.
p. 11335 / attached p005 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs
Nanosized morphologies and direct growth strategies are framed as responses to low gravimetric capacitance and transport resistance in 2D MOF electrodes.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Performance depends on support, loading and device architecture.
p. 11335-11338 / attached p005-p008 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 2 and Fig. 4
The review warns that conductive and layered 2D MOF categories are complementary rather than sharply bounded.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Useful for chapter taxonomy wording: do not present categories as mutually exclusive.
p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
The review states that clear single-crystal structures are foundational for interpreting physical properties in 2D conductive coordination polymers.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Single-crystal growth remains difficult and examples are few.
p. 11336-11337 / attached p006-p007 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 3
The review flags disagreement over whether layered MOF electrodes maintain their structures during cycling or transform into metal hydroxides or other intermediates.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review explicitly says additional experimental data are needed.
p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
For TTFOC, the review reports an ionic-conduction/pseudocapacitance-coupling mechanism in which ligand redox assists interface charge transfer.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: This mechanism is material-specific and should not be generalised to all 2D MOFs.
p. 11336 / attached p006 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 3
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SecondaryCoMn-LDH-SO4 | areal capacity | 582.07 mC cm^-2 | 1 M KOH; CP at 2 mA cm^-2; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryCu3(BHT)2 | conductivity | 1580 S cm^-1 | thin film, four-probe Text · Exact Reported | research_0006 | p. 11335 / attached p005 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 1f |
| SecondaryCu-CAT NWs SSCs | specific capacitance | 202 F g^-1 | 3 M KCl; CP at 0.5 A g^-1; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | research_0026 | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryCu-DBC | specific and areal capacitance | 479 F g^-1; 879 mF cm^-2 | 1 M NaCl; CP at 0.2 A g^-1; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | research_0068 | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryCu-based HHTP MOF | conductivity | 0.2 S cm^-1 | single crystals of Cu-based MOF Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 1a |
| SecondaryCu[Cu(pdt)2] | electrical conductivity | 6 x 10^-4 S cm^-1 | 300 K; reported as relatively high for an early conductive MOF Text · Exact Reported | research_0201 | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs |
| SecondaryCu-/Ni-HAB | specific and areal capacitance | 427 F g^-1; 2000 mF cm^-2 | 1 M KOH; CV at 0.2 mV s^-1; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNAU-1 and NAU-2 | specific capacitance | 800 and 828 F g^-1 | 4 M KOH; CP at 1 A g^-1; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi3(BHT)2 | conductivity | up to 160 S cm^-1 | single-layer pi-conjugated structure; review text says high conductivity Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11334 / attached p004 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 1b |
| SecondaryNi-CAT NWAs | areal capacitance | 40.5 mF cm^-2 | 3 M KCl; CV at 5 mV s^-1; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | research_0264 | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi//Cu MOF array | specific capacitance | 1424 F g^-1 | 1 M KOH; CP at 2 A g^-1; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi-DMOF-ADC | specific capacitance | 525 F g^-1 | 2 M KOH; CP at 1 A g^-1; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | conductivity | 2 S cm^-1 pressed pellet; 40 S cm^-1 pressed film | pressed pellet four-probe and pressed film four-probe Text · Range | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11335 / attached p005 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 1d |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 nanosheets | areal capacitance | 15.69 mF cm^-2 | 1 M Na2SO4; CP at 0.1 mA cm^-2; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | specific capacitance | 111 F g^-1 | 1 M TEABF4/can; CP at 0.05 A g^-1; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi-MOF | specific capacitance | 1668.7 F g^-1 | 3 M KOH; CP at 2 A g^-1; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryPiCBA-based MSCs | volumetric capacitance | 34.1 F cm^-3 | H2SO4-PVA gel; CV at 50 mV s^-1; Table 2 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11333 / attached p003 · 3. 2D layered MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryPt3(HTTP)2 / HTTP-Pt framework | bulk conductivity | 10^-6 S cm^-1 | pressed pellet, two-probe measurement Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11335 / attached p005 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 1c |
| SecondaryTTFOC / In-TTFOC | proton conductivity | 1.30 x 10^-2 S cm^-1 | 303 K, 98% RH Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p. 11336 / attached p006 · 2. 2D conductive MOFs as electrode materials for SCs · Fig. 3 |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
The review reports no studies emphasising chemical and thermal stability of 2D conductive MOF electrodes.
Proposed direction: Investigate chemical, thermal and electrochemical stability for industrialisation-relevant endurance.
p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
The detailed synergistic mechanism in MOF/carbon or MOF/inorganic composites remains unclear.
Proposed direction: Prepare homogeneous composites and combine structural characterisation with transport and wettability studies.
p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
Whether layered MOFs maintain original structures or convert to metal hydroxides/intermediates during cycling is unresolved.
Proposed direction: Thoroughly investigate structural alteration before and after cycling using more elaborate characterisations and modelling.
p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
How to control fabrication of unique 2D conductive MOFs to overcome dense stacks and improve ion/electron transport remains unresolved.
Proposed direction: Adopt existing structural insights to design larger inner spaces and reduce dense stacking.
p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
The matching mechanism between 2D conductive MOFs and electrolyte ions is unclear, including whether contact controls surface-area and pore utilisation.
Proposed direction: Clarify conductive MOF/electrolyte interactions in SC systems through mechanism-focused experiments.
p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
Layered MOFs and MOF-based nanosheets need higher conductivity to improve electrochemical performance.
Proposed direction: Choose suitable pi-conjugated pillar and layer ligands to co-build conductive-layered MOFs.
p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
Single crystals of 2D conductive MOFs remain difficult to prepare because of complicated coordination modes of planar pi-conjugated ligands.
Proposed direction: Develop novel growth strategies beyond PXRD simulation to attain single crystals.
p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
Using 2D conductive MOFs as templates or precursors for derived electrode materials is still challenging.
Proposed direction: Explore controlled conversion routes while preserving interpretable transport pathways.
p. 11342 / attached p012 · 4. Challenges and outlooks
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 142018 | Title unavailable | layered_mof_composite · device_benchmarkCited for flexible asymmetric SCs using 2D MOF/rGO papers. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 552021 | Title unavailable | single_crystal_structure · transport_interpretationUsed for the claim that high-quality single crystals reveal anisotropic internal electrical properties. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 562019 | Title unavailable | conductive_mof_device · cycle_stabilityCited for a hybrid CNF@Ni-CAT supercapacitor with strong cycle stability. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 882020 | Title unavailable | dimensionality_comparison · transport_caveatCited for limitations of dense 2D stacks and advantages of 3D scaffolds for transport. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 942009 | Title unavailable | historical_development · transport_benchmarkFirst conductive MOF highlighted in the review's conductive-MOF timeline. | research_0201 |
| Ref. 952012 | Title unavailable | historical_development · conductive_frameworkCited for the 2D planar graphene-analogue HHTP MOF family and Cu conductivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 972013 | Title unavailable | interfacial_growth · transport_benchmarkCited for gas-liquid interfacial Ni3(BHT)2 nanosheets and high conductivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 982014 | Title unavailable | measurement_caveat · conductive_frameworkCited for an HTTP-Pt framework where low pellet conductivity is linked to grain-boundary effects. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 992014 | Title unavailable | conductive_framework · transport_benchmarkCited for first report and conductivity values of Ni3(HITP)2. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1012015 | Title unavailable | interfacial_growth · transport_benchmarkCited for liquid-liquid interface synthesis and high thin-film conductivity of Cu3(BHT)2. | research_0006 |
| Ref. 1092017 | Title unavailable | supercapacitor_benchmark · conductive_mofCited for the first use of 2D conductive Ni3(HITP)2 as an active SC material. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1102017 | Title unavailable | nanowire_array · supercapacitor_benchmarkCited for Cu-CAT nanowire arrays grown on carbon fibre paper and SC performance. | research_0026 |
| Ref. 1112018 | Title unavailable | pseudocapacitance · conductive_mofCited for HAB-linked redox-active 2D MOFs with high volumetric and areal capacitance. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1122019 | Title unavailable | electrophoretic_deposition · supercapacitor_benchmarkCited for EPD fabrication of Ni3(HITP)2 nanosheet electrodes and long-cycle SC behaviour. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1132020 | Title unavailable | conductive_mof · supercapacitor_benchmarkCited for Cu-DBC capacitance in aqueous NaCl. | research_0068 |
| Ref. 1142020 | Title unavailable | proton_conduction · transport_mechanismCited for high proton conductivity and ionic conduction/pseudocapacitance coupling. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1152020 | Title unavailable | transport_mechanism · conceptual_taxonomyCited for hopping and band-transport descriptions in intrinsic conductive MOFs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1162020 | Title unavailable | mof_mof_array · supercapacitor_benchmarkCited for integrating active and conductive MOFs into a homogeneous oriented array. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1172021 | Title unavailable | nanowire_array · transport_pathwayCited for Ni-CAT nanowire arrays on CNF and reduced ion/electron transport resistance. | research_0264 |
| Ref. 1182011 | Title unavailable | top_down_nanosheets · synthesis_strategyCited for first top-down Tyndall scattering synthesis of 2D MOF nanosheets. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1192013 | Title unavailable | top_down_nanosheets · pillar_layered_mofCited for wet-process nanosheets based on a pillar-layered MOF. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1202016 | Title unavailable | top_down_nanosheets · synthesis_strategyCited for top-down delamination of luminescent 2D MOF nanosheets. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1422017 | Title unavailable | bottom_up_nanosheets · synthesis_strategyCited as a bottom-up MOF nanosheet construction example. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1432017 | Title unavailable | bottom_up_nanosheets · defect_mediated_transformationCited as a bottom-up/defect-mediated nanosheet example. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1452016 | Title unavailable | pillar_layered_mof · supercapacitor_benchmarkCited for a DABCO pillared nickel DMOF used directly as an SC electrode. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1462017 | Title unavailable | micro_supercapacitor · layer_by_layerCited for layer-by-layer PiCBA micro-supercapacitors. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1472018 | Title unavailable | layered_mof · supercapacitor_benchmarkCited for a solvothermal 2D layered Ni-MOF supercapacitor electrode. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1482019 | Title unavailable | bottom_up_nanosheets · supercapacitor_benchmarkCited for surfactant-assisted bottom-up Co-MOF nanosheets and capacitance retention. | research_0149 |
| Ref. 1492019 | Title unavailable | conductive_matrix · flexible_deviceCited for MOF nanomembranes on cellulose nanofibres and flexible/foldable SC electrodes. | research_0174 |
| Ref. 1502020 | Title unavailable | conductive_matrix · cnt_interpenetrationCited for CNT-interpenetrated ultrathin 2D MOF nanosheets and hybrid electrode performance. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1512018 | Title unavailable | metal_oxide_composite · layered_mofCited for growing 3D Cu-MOF on manganese dioxide nanosheets to realise a layered composite. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1522019 | Title unavailable | sacrificial_template · derived_lamellarCited for Co-ZIF-L sacrificial template conversion to layered double hydroxide electrodes. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1532019 | Title unavailable | mechanism · layered_mofCited for 2D layered CuI-MOFs and power-law mechanism analysis. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1542020 | Title unavailable | cycling_intermediate · layered_mofCited for alternate products/intermediates during charge-discharge cycles of layered MOF electrodes. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1562021 | Title unavailable | phase_transformation · device_benchmarkCited for Fe-based MOF cycling transformation to FeOOH and hybrid device performance. | Unmapped |