Not printed in extracted local text · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · 2024
Review conjugated coordination polymers as conductive, redox-active, porous platforms for electrochemical energy storage, emphasising chemical state, framework dimensionality, charge-storage mechanisms, structure-property relationships, and future design needs.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Organises anode behaviour around n-type reduction, ligand versus metal redox, chelating atom effects, and redox-site incorporation in the ligand backbone.
Relevance: Core · 2 · CCPs as anode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 5-Fig. 6; Table 1
Covers high-voltage p-type or carbonyl-centred cathode processes, state-dependent Cu/O chemistry, framework dimensionality effects, and S-linker cathodes.
Relevance: Core · 3 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 7-Fig. 13; Table 1
Explains ligand and square-planar metal coordination features, chemical-state ambiguity, synthesis-control issues, dimensionality, stacking, and the physical basis for EES performance.
Relevance: Core · 1 · The chemical and structure characteristics of CCPs · Fig. 1-Fig. 4
Synthesises challenges in chemical-state control, crystallinity, 3D CCP construction, redox-potential tuning, ion transport, electrolyte compatibility, LSB films and catalyst stability.
Relevance: Core · 7 · Conclusions and perspectives
Defines CCPs as a special conductive MOF class and motivates their use in EES through conductivity, redox activity, porosity, and the need to separate CCPs from broader non-conjugated cMOFs.
Relevance: Core · 1 · Introduction
Reviews CCPs as conductive, polar, porous hosts or membranes for LiPS trapping, ion transport, high sulfur loading and separator selectivity.
Relevance: Supporting · 6 · CCPs as hosts or separators for lithium-sulfur batteries · Fig. 18
Positions CCPs as oxygen electrocatalysts or photoelectrodes where unsaturated metal sites and ligand electronics tune ORR/OER and Li-O2 kinetics.
Relevance: Supporting · 6 · CCPs as cathode catalysts for metal-air batteries · Fig. 19
Summarises EDL and pseudocapacitive CCP behaviour, pore-size and ion effects, morphology/substrate strategies, and limits relative to porous carbon.
Relevance: Core · 5 · CCPs as electrode active materials for supercapacitors · Fig. 14-Fig. 17; Table 2
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
The review uses State A-D and n/p-type processes to explain why nominally similar CCPs can show different redox mechanisms, valence states and performance.
Categories: State A · State B · State C · State D · n-type reduction · p-type oxidation
8 · Figures and tables · Fig. 2
CCPs are organised by whether planar units form 1D chains, 2D sheets, or rare 3D frameworks, with packing controlling electron pathways and ion transport.
Categories: 1D chains · 2D layers with AA stacking · 2D layers with AB stacking · 3D CCP frameworks
9 · Figures and tables · Fig. 3
The review treats CCPs as multifunctional platforms, not merely active electrodes, by mapping structure and chemistry to device roles.
Categories: Battery and supercapacitor electrodes · Hosts or separators for lithium-sulfur batteries · Catalysts for metal-air batteries
9 · Figures and tables · Fig. 4
Figure 1 groups CCP linkers by size, conjugation extension and mixed heteroatom chelation, making ligand design the first organising axis for redox and transport properties.
Categories: Small conjugated ligands · Extending the pi-conjugation · Heteroatomic co-chelated ligands
8 · Figures and tables · Fig. 1
Battery and capacitor performance is interpreted through which redox centres participate and whether metal nodes remain innocent or change valence.
Categories: Organic-ligand redox · Metal-centred redox · Dual ligand and metal redox · Additional backbone redox centres
2 · The superiority of CCPs in electrochemical energy storage · Table 1
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
Rare CCPs that maintain conjugated pathways while extending into a 3D framework through mixed coordination geometries.
Conduction: Extended in-plane conjugated chains and close pi-pi stacking are interpreted as efficient charge-transport pathways.
Representative materials: Cu-TAPT
Nodes / linkers: Cu · TAPT from in-situ TABQ dimerisation
4 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 12
CCPs deliberately combining different chelating atoms, especially N/S or N/O, within the coordination unit.
Conduction: The review argues that mixing heteroatoms can combine conductive metal-sulfur bonding with metal-nitrogen stability and enable new redox mechanisms.
Representative materials: Ni-DTA · Ni-DABDT · Cu-TAPT · HATN-SCu · HATN-OCu
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · dithiooxamidato · diamino-benzenedithiol · TAPT · HATN-derived linkers
3 · CCPs as anode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 6
Conductive porous CCPs used to host sulfur, trap polysulfides, or modify battery separators rather than serving as the main redox electrode material.
Conduction: Electrical conductivity supports sulfur cathode charge transfer while pores and polar groups regulate LiPS adsorption and Li-ion passage.
Representative materials: Ni-HHTP-CNT sulfur host · Co/Ni-HHTP core-shell host · Ni-HITP/PP separator
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Co · HHTP · HITP
6 · CCPs as hosts or separators for lithium-sulfur batteries · Fig. 18
CCPs built from N-chelating ligands such as BTA, HAB, HITP or TABQ around square-planar metal-nitrogen units.
Conduction: Extended pi-d conjugation and close stacking provide delocalised electron pathways; redox-active imine motifs enable n-type storage.
Representative materials: Ni-BTA · Co-HAB · Ni-HAB · Ni-HITP · Ni-TABQ
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Co · Cu · benzenetetramine · hexaaminobenzene · hexaiminotriphenylene · tetraaminobenzoquinone
2 · CCPs as anode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 5-Fig. 7
CCPs based on O-chelating HHTP, THQ, DHBQ and substituted benzoquinone ligands.
Conduction: Conjugated O-metal units combine ligand carbonyl/catecholate redox with possible metal valence changes; pore structures enable cation and anion movement.
Representative materials: Cu-HHTP · Zn-HHTP · Cu-THQ · Cu-Cl2DHBQ · Fe2(DHBQ)3
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Zn · Fe · Mn · Ni · hexahydroxytriphenylene · tetrahydroxyquinone · dihydroxybenzoquinone · chlorinated dihydroxybenzoquinone
3 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 8-Fig. 10
Sulfur-containing CCPs using TTO, BHT, BHT-like or dithiolene motifs to increase conductivity and support cation storage.
Conduction: S-containing linkers are presented as generally more conductive than N/O analogues, supporting fast charge transport and rate performance.
Representative materials: Ni-TTO · Cu-BHT · Ni-BHT · Ni2[CuPcS8]
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · tetrathiooxalate · benzenehexathiolate · nickel-bis(dithiolene) · phthalocyanine-sulfur linkages
5 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 13
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Introduce additional carbonyl, HATN, phthalocyanine or quinone redox units into the ligand backbone.
Claimed effects: Increases active-site density and can tune voltage or capacitance by adding ligand-centred redox contributions.
Controlling variables: backbone functional groups · redox potential of substituents · hydrogen-bonding motifs · dual-site geometry
Representative materials: Ni-TABQ · HATN-SCu · Ni2[CuPc(NH)8] · Ni2[CuPcS8]
Caveat: Higher capacity does not by itself resolve ion transport, structural durability or full-cell voltage constraints.
3 · CCPs as anode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 6
Use compositionally related systems and reaction-condition changes to switch between 1D, 2D and 3D CCP architectures.
Claimed effects: Dimensionality modulates ion accommodation, rate capability and long-term stability while preserving redox chemistry.
Controlling variables: reaction temperature · atmosphere · ligand oxidation state · metal coordination geometry
Representative materials: 1D-CuTABQ · 2D-CuTABQ · Cu-TAPT
Caveat: 3D CCP synthesis is rare because non-planar metal geometries can disrupt long-range conjugation.
4 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 11-Fig. 12
Combine different chelating atoms in one coordination unit to balance conductivity, stability and redox-site diversity.
Claimed effects: May combine metal-sulfur conductivity with metal-nitrogen stability and create new multi-electron storage pathways.
Controlling variables: choice of N, O or S chelating atoms · coordination-unit geometry · metal identity
Representative materials: Ni-DTA · Ni-DABDT · Cu-TAPT
Caveat: Mechanistic assignments remain contested where extra capacity is attributed to low-valence metals without clear evidence.
3 · CCPs as anode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 6
Grow CCPs at liquid-liquid or water-solid interfaces to form crystalline films, membranes or aligned arrays for device integration.
Claimed effects: Can produce highly crystalline thin films and separators with controlled ion transport.
Controlling variables: phase interface · substrate identity · film thickness · array alignment
Representative materials: Ni-HITP/PP membranes · Cu-HHTP nanowire arrays
Caveat: The review notes that continuous crack-free thin membranes with large area and stability remain difficult.
1 · The chemical and structure characteristics of CCPs
Optimise cycling windows once chemical state and redox pathways are known to avoid destructive anion uptake or over-reduction.
Claimed effects: Can improve cycling stability by favouring less disruptive redox pathways.
Controlling variables: upper cutoff voltage · lower cutoff voltage · cation versus anion insertion · metal-valence stability
Representative materials: Cu-THQ nanosheets · Co-HAB · Ni-HAB
Caveat: Narrowing the window may trade capacity or energy density for durability.
3 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 8
Control oxygen, base, solvent, concentration, reactant addition order, temperature and time to slow or direct deprotonation, oxidation and coordination.
Claimed effects: Improves crystallinity and chemical-state precision, which the review treats as prerequisite for reliable mechanism assignment.
Controlling variables: oxygen or inert atmosphere · base source · reactant addition sequence · solvent and concentration · temperature and reaction time
Representative materials: HAB-based CCPs · Ni-BTA · Cu-HHTP
Caveat: The review stresses that small changes in conditions can produce different chemical states and sometimes by-products.
1 · The chemical and structure characteristics of CCPs · Fig. 2
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
Three-dimensional CCPs are rare because planar conjugated ligands and square-planar units tend to favour lower-dimensional frameworks, while many 3D CPs lose conjugation and conductivity.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Cu-TAPT is presented as a recent proof-of-principle rather than a mature family.
2 · The chemical and structure characteristics of CCPs · Fig. 3
The review defines CCPs as a distinct subset of conductive MOF-like coordination polymers whose extended pi-d conjugation differentiates them from broader non-conjugated cMOFs.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review itself notes that prior reviews sometimes grouped CCPs with other cMOFs.
1 · Introduction
Accurate chemical-state and structural assignment is a central bottleneck because synthesis can produce ambiguous valence states, poor crystallinity and divergent mechanisms.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Some structural information can be inferred by topology and DFT, but the review stresses atomic-level certainty is often missing.
1 · The chemical and structure characteristics of CCPs · Fig. 2
In-plane pi-d conjugation is presented as the electronic-transport basis for high intrinsic conductivity and fast charge transport in CCPs.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review does not give a single universal conductivity value; transport is structure- and state-dependent.
1 · Introduction
Cu-THQ is used to show that different chemical states of the same [Cu-O4] unit can produce different charge-storage mechanisms and cycling behaviour.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review's interpretation relies on XPS and electrochemical evidence from cited primary studies.
3 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 8
The CuTABQ comparison is used as evidence that framework dimensionality and pore accommodation can improve rate capability and cycling stability even with similar composition.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: This is a specific comparison and should not be generalised without primary checks.
4 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 11
Heteroatom co-chelation is framed as a design strategy for combining conductivity, stability and multi-electron redox in CCP electrodes.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The extra-capacity mechanism in some related systems remains underdetermined.
3 · CCPs as anode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 6
For lithium-sulfur batteries, CCPs are interpreted as multifunctional hosts that combine electron conduction, ion pathways and polar binding sites for polysulfide management.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review also flags high-loading electrode architecture and membrane fabrication as unresolved.
6 · CCPs as hosts or separators for lithium-sulfur batteries · Fig. 18
The review argues that quasi-single-atom transition metal sites and tunable ligand electronics make CCPs useful oxygen electrocatalysts in metal-air systems.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Catalyst stability and precise active-site modelling remain open issues.
6 · CCPs as cathode catalysts for metal-air batteries
Changing metal nodes in otherwise related CCPs can switch whether metal-centred redox contributes to capacity and can also change stability.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review sometimes calls for further investigation of specific metal-valence assignments.
2 · CCPs as anode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 5
CCPs are treated as attractive battery electrodes because non-innocent ligands and metal nodes can support multi-electron reactions with high theoretical capacities.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Practical capacity depends strongly on voltage window, active sites and mechanism.
2 · CCPs as electrode active materials for batteries · Table 1
The review presents Ni-BTA as a mechanistically clear 1D CCP example in which Na storage involves ligand C=N/C-N reduction plus low-voltage Ni2+/Ni+ redox.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: This is a review summary of one cited primary study and not a new measurement.
2 · CCPs as anode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 5
P-type cathode reactions can raise operating voltage but large-anion insertion is often irreversible and can disrupt conjugation, causing volume expansion and poor cycling.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review distinguishes this from lower-voltage n-type cation storage, which may be more cyclable but lower energy.
5 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries
Co-TABQ is presented as an example of using semiconducting CCP photoresponse to lower Li-O2 battery overvoltage under illumination.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: This is a single example and should be treated as exploratory in a thesis chapter.
6 · CCPs as cathode catalysts for metal-air batteries · Fig. 19
Tunable pores and pi-pi stacking spaces are interpreted as ion-transport pathways that can support fast diffusion and structural stability during cycling.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The review later notes that compact 2D stacking can also restrict ion transport in supercapacitors.
1 · Introduction
S-containing CCP linkers are presented as promising for high-rate batteries because they usually have superior electrical conductivity, but their mechanisms remain underexplored.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review notes that extra capacity in Cu-BHT needs further investigation.
5 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 13
The review repeatedly warns that reproducible, large-scale synthesis of uniform, crystalline CCP materials remains necessary before practical applications.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is a review-level outlook rather than a quantified manufacturability assessment.
7 · Conclusions and perspectives
For Ni-HITP-like supercapacitors, the review emphasises EDL charge storage governed by pore accommodation and fast electrolyte movement rather than bulk faradaic battery-like storage.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Other CCP supercapacitors in the review are explicitly pseudocapacitive rather than EDL-dominated.
5 · CCPs as electrode active materials for supercapacitors · Fig. 15
Pseudocapacitive CCPs can involve metal-ligand redox, dual-redox sites, cation intercalation and anion insertion, so their mechanism is electrolyte- and ion-dependent.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review frames several of these as active research topics, especially nonporous dual-ion storage.
6 · CCPs as electrode active materials for supercapacitors · Fig. 16-Fig. 17
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secondary2D-CuTABQ | Reversible capacity after activation | 326.0 mAh/g after an activation process | Na-ion battery, 1.0-3.8 V Text · Exact Reported | research_0791 | 4 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 11 |
| SecondaryCo-HAB | Low-rate Na-ion anode capacity | 291 mAh/g at 50 mA/g | Na-ion battery, 0.5-3.0 V, low-rate capacity at 50 mA/g Table · Exact Reported | research_0004 | 18 · Figures and tables · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCo-TABQ | Photo-involved Li-O2 overvoltage | 0.20 V under illumination compared with 1.68 V in the dark | Photoinvolved Li-O2 battery under visible light Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 6 · CCPs as cathode catalysts for metal-air batteries · Fig. 19 |
| SecondaryCu-TAPT | Reversible Na-ion cathode capacity | approximately 313.4 mAh/g | Sodium-ion battery cathode; six-electron transfer per Cu3TAPT unit in review interpretation Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 4 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 12 |
| SecondaryCu-THQ | Low-rate Li-ion cathode capacity | 387 mAh/g at 50 mA/g | Li-ion battery, 1.2-4.0 V, low-rate capacity at 50 mA/g Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 18 · Figures and tables · Table 1 |
| SecondaryFe2(DHBQ)3 | Energy density | 693 Wh kg-1 | Li-ion cathode; review text links value to 2.43 V output voltage Text · Exact Reported | research_0432 | 4 · CCPs as cathode materials for metal-ion batteries · Fig. 10 |
| SecondaryNi2[CuPc(NH)8] | Specific capacitance | 400 F g-1 at 0.5 A/g | 3 M KCl, -0.8 to 0.8 V; 90 percent retention after 5000 cycles at 10 A/g Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 19 · Figures and tables · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi-BHT | Specific capacitance | 245 F g-1 at 3 mV/s | 1 M LiPF6/ACN, -1.70 to 0 V Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 19 · Figures and tables · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi-BTA | Low-rate Na-ion anode capacity | 480 mAh/g at 100 mA/g | Na-ion battery, 0.01-2.5 V, low-rate capacity at 100 mA/g Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 18 · Figures and tables · Table 1 |
| SecondaryNi-DTA | Low-rate Na-ion anode capacity | 481 mAh/g at 200 mA/g | Na-ion battery, 0.01-2.8 V, low-rate capacity at 200 mA/g Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 18 · Figures and tables · Table 1 |
| SecondaryNi-HAB | Specific capacitance | 420 F g-1 at 0.2 mV/s | 1 M KOH, -0.75 to -0.25 V; 90 percent retention over 12000 cycles at 10 A/g Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 19 · Figures and tables · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi-HITP | Specific capacitance | 111 F g-1 at 0.05 A/g | 1 M TEABF4/ACN electrolyte, 0-1.00 V Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 19 · Figures and tables · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi-TABQ | Low-rate Na-ion anode capacity | 454.2 mAh/g at 200 mA/g | Na-ion battery, 0.2-3.0 V, low-rate capacity at 200 mA/g Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 18 · Figures and tables · Table 1 |
| SecondaryS@Ni-HHTP-CNT | Lithium-sulfur cathode specific capacity | 1302.9 mAh/g at 0.2C; 629.6 mAh/g at 1C after 300 cycles; sulfur loading 65.5 wt% | Lithium-sulfur battery sulfur host, high sulfur content Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 6 · CCPs as hosts or separators for lithium-sulfur batteries |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
3D CCPs that retain planar conjugation and high conductivity are rarely reported.
Proposed direction: Design multi-chelating ligands and mixed coordination geometries that create vertical connectivity while preserving pi-d conjugation.
7 · Conclusions and perspectives
The real active sites in CCP oxygen catalysts and their long-term stability are not yet adequately understood.
Proposed direction: Improve structural modelling and stabilise active sites through heteroatom doping or stable organic functional groups.
7 · Conclusions and perspectives
Ideal chemical states and atomically precise structures remain rare, leading to ambiguous valence states, poor crystallinity and uncertain mechanisms.
Proposed direction: Optimise reactant addition, oxygen/base control, concentration, temperature and advanced structural characterisation to produce high-crystallinity CCPs.
7 · Conclusions and perspectives
CCP cathodes often rely on n-type organic-ligand reactions with limited working potential, while p-type anion insertion can damage structure.
Proposed direction: Tune ligand functional groups and metal valence chemistry to raise redox potentials while maintaining structural integrity during anion storage.
7 · Conclusions and perspectives
High-loading CCP sulfur hosts and large-area separator films require better spatial architectures, pore-size control and film manufacturing.
Proposed direction: Fabricate CCP electrodes with special spatial structures and develop uniform large-aspect-ratio films with functionalised pores.
7 · Conclusions and perspectives
The valence and coordination structure of metal ions during redox often remain insufficiently resolved.
Proposed direction: Use operando or ex situ spectroscopy and careful capacity-source analysis to distinguish ligand and metal contributions.
7 · Conclusions and perspectives
Ion transport in 2D CCPs is limited by 1D channels and compact pi-pi stacking, hindering fast charging.
Proposed direction: Develop porous 3D CCPs and electrolyte models that capture electrode-electrolyte interactions and ion transport in three dimensions.
7 · Conclusions and perspectives
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 32020 | Electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks | definition_scope · transport_contextUsed by the review to position CCPs within the broader conductive MOF field and to compare S-linker conductivity expectations. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 52021 | The chemical states of conjugated coordination polymers | chemical_state · definition_scopeSupports the review's framing of State A-D chemical states and the need for accurate structural determination. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 72022 | Rational design and synthesis of two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic polymers for electrocatalysis applications | electrocatalysis_contextUsed as background for CCP electrocatalysis and metal-air catalyst potential. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 142022 | Conductive metal-organic frameworks for supercapacitors | supercapacitor_context · transport_contextSupports the review's link between CCP charge transport and supercapacitor applications. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 152021 | Conjugated coordination polymers as electrodes for rechargeable batteries | battery_context · redox_mechanismProvides prior battery-electrode framing and the redox-state scheme reused in the review. | research_0058 |
| Ref. 162019 | A one-dimensional pi-d conjugated coordination polymer for sodium storage with catalytic activity in negishi coupling | battery_benchmark · mechanismAnchors the review's mechanistic account of 1D Ni-BTA sodium storage and Table 1 benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 172023 | Framework dimensional control boosting charge storage in conjugated coordination polymers | dimensionality · battery_benchmarkSupports the review's dimensionality-control discussion and CuTABQ benchmark. | research_0791 |
| Ref. 182021 | Heterochelation boosts sodium storage in pi-d conjugated coordination polymers | heterochelation · battery_benchmarkKey cited study for N/S co-chelation design and the Ni-DTA benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 192019 | A highly conductive conjugated coordination polymer for fast-charge sodium-ion batteries: Reconsidering its structures | s_linker · battery_benchmarkSupports the review's S-linker section and Ni-TTO sodium cathode benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 292018 | Robust and conductive two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks with exceptionally high volumetric and areal capacitance | supercapacitor_benchmark · pseudocapacitanceAnchors M-HAB supercapacitor comparison and Ni-HAB benchmark in Table 2. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 302018 | Synthetic routes for a 2D semiconductive copper hexahydroxybenzene metal-organic framework | synthesis_controlCited for synthesis-condition control and crystallinity in CCP formation. | research_0792 |
| Ref. 342018 | Large-area preparation of crack-free crystalline microporous conductive membrane to upgrade high energy lithium-sulfur batteries | membrane · lithium_sulfurSupports interfacial membrane growth and LSB separator benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 352022 | Unraveling the electrical and magnetic properties of layered conductive metal-organic framework with atomic precision | structure_determinationCited as part of the review's discussion of atomic precision and structural uncertainty. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 362020 | A redox-active 2D metal-organic framework for efficient lithium storage with extraordinary high capacity | battery_benchmark · chemical_stateSupports Cu-THQ mixed-state cathode mechanism and Table 1 benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 422023 | Single crystals of a highly conductive three-dimensional conjugated coordination polymer | 3d_ccp · battery_benchmark · transport_benchmarkThe review's key proof-of-principle 3D CCP for conductivity, porosity and sodium cathode performance. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 502021 | Successive storage of cations and anions by ligands of pi-d-conjugated coordination polymers enabling robust sodium-ion batteries | battery_benchmark · redox_mechanismSupports the review's comparison of Cu-HHTP and Zn-HHTP mechanisms and cation/anion storage. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 552018 | Stabilization of hexaaminobenzene in a 2D conductive metal-organic framework for high power sodium storage | battery_benchmark · metal_nodeSupports the review's Co-HAB anode discussion and Table 1 benchmark. | research_0004 |
| Ref. 562022 | Regulating the metal nodes of 1D conjugated coordination polymers for enhancing the performance of sodium-ion batteries | metal_node · battery_mechanismUsed for the review's discussion of metal-node effects in isostructural DHBQ CCPs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 602020 | A two-dimensional metal-organic polymer enabled by robust nickel-nitrogen and hydrogen bonds for exceptional sodium-ion storage | backbone_redox · battery_benchmarkSupports the review's example of adding carbonyl active sites to the ligand backbone. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 712018 | Multielectron-transfer-based rechargeable energy storage of two-dimensional coordination frameworks with non-innocent ligands | p_type · battery_benchmarkPioneering Ni-HAB cathode example used to introduce p-type and n-type windows. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 722020 | Tailoring the electrochemical properties of two-dimensional bis(diimino)metal coordination frameworks by introducing Co/Ni heterometallic structures | metal_node · p_typeUsed to discuss Co/Ni heterometallic tuning of Ni-HAB-type electrochemistry. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 752020 | Ultrathin two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic framework single-crystalline nanosheets enabled by surfactant-assisted synthesis | chemical_state · battery_benchmarkSupports the review's Cu-THQ nanosheet potential-window and chemical-state discussion. | research_0043 |
| Ref. 782019 | Conductive 2D metal-organic framework for high-performance cathodes in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries | zinc_battery · battery_benchmarkUsed as an example of Cu-HHTP showing improved stability in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. | research_0188 |
| Ref. 852022 | A rationally designed iron-dihydroxybenzoquinone metal-organic framework as practical cathode material for rechargeable batteries | battery_benchmark · energy_densitySupports the review's high-voltage Fe2(DHBQ)3 cathode benchmark. | research_0432 |
| Ref. 902020 | Highly conductive two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks for resilient lithium storage with superb rate capability | s_linker · battery_benchmarkSupports S-containing Cu-BHT lithium cathode benchmark and discussion of ligand-dominated redox. | research_0365 |
| Ref. 1062017 | Conductive MOF electrodes for stable supercapacitors with high areal capacitance | supercapacitor_benchmark · edlPioneering Ni-HITP supercapacitor example and Table 2 benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1082020 | Molecular understanding of charge storage and charging dynamics in supercapacitors with MOF electrodes and ionic liquid electrolytes | supercapacitor_mechanism · modellingSupports the pore-size and molecular-dynamics account of EDL storage in 2D CCP supercapacitors. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1182021 | The different roles of cobalt and manganese in metal-organic frameworks for supercapacitors | metal_node · supercapacitor_contextSupports the review's broader statement that metal ions can alter electrical and electrochemical properties even when structures are similar. | research_0788 |
| Ref. 1192020 | Understanding the mechanism of high capacitance in nickel hexaaminobenzene-based conductive metal-organic frameworks in aqueous electrolytes | supercapacitor_mechanism · pseudocapacitanceSupports pH-dependent surface pseudocapacitance interpretation for Ni-HAB. | research_0809 |
| Ref. 1202021 | Dual-redox-sites enable two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks with large pseudocapacitance and wide potential window | dual_redox · supercapacitor_benchmarkKey dual-redox-site supercapacitor study and Table 2 benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1222023 | Largely pseudocapacitive two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic framework anodes with lowest unoccupied molecular orbital localized in nickel-bis(dithiolene) linkages | supercapacitor_benchmark · s_linkerSupports Ni2[CuPcS8] pseudocapacitive supercapacitor benchmark and Ni-S4 mechanism. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1232021 | High-capacitance pseudocapacitors from Li+ ion intercalation in nonporous, electrically conductive 2D coordination polymers | supercapacitor_benchmark · ion_intercalationSupports nonporous Ni-BHT Li-ion intercalation pseudocapacitance mechanism and Table 2 benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1242021 | Dual-ion intercalation and high volumetric capacitance in a two-dimensional non-porous coordination polymer | supercapacitor_mechanism · dual_ionSupports the review's discussion of cation and anion insertion in nonporous Ni-BHT. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1322020 | Solid 3D Li-S battery design via stacking 2D conductive microporous coordination polymers and amorphous Li-S layers | lithium_sulfur · host_designCited for stacked CCP/Li-S design concepts and volumetric LSB context. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1342018 | Theoretical investigation of 2D conductive microporous coordination polymers as Li-S battery cathode with ultrahigh energy density | lithium_sulfur · modellingSupports theoretical LiPS adsorption and CCP scaffold discussion for LSBs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1362019 | A highly conductive MOF of graphene analogue Ni3(HITP)2 as a sulfur host for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries | lithium_sulfur · benchmark_contextSupports the high-capacity S@Ni-HHTP-CNT sulfur host benchmark in the review. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1372023 | Synergizing spatial confinement and dual-metal catalysis to boost sulfur kinetics in lithium-sulfur batteries | lithium_sulfur · catalysis_contextUsed for dual-metal catalytic sites and spatial confinement in CCP LSB hosts. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1452020 | Unpaired 3D electrons on atomically dispersed cobalt centres in coordination polymers regulate both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and selectivity for use in zinc-air batteries | metal_air · electrocatalysisSupports the review's Co-HITP/Ni-HITP ORR pathway contrast and zinc-air battery discussion. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1462019 | Unveiling dual-linkage 3D hexaiminobenzene metal-organic frameworks towards long-lasting advanced reversible Zn-air batteries | metal_air · electrocatalysisSupports metal-air discussion of well-defined Mn/Fe-HAB hollow sphere catalysts. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1472021 | Semiconducting metal-organic polymer nanosheets for a photoinvolved Li-O2 battery under visible light | photo_battery · metal_airSupports the review's Co-TABQ photoinvolved Li-O2 mechanism and overvoltage benchmark. | Unmapped |