Sensing Application — A conductive MOF with bimetallic spontaneously recycled systems as a signal enhancer for the ultrasensitive detection of T-2 toxin using an electrochemical aptasensor

10 measurement groups · 66 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

SWV recovery in beer samples

Voltammetry

CP1 bioconjugate/ExoIII/S1-S2/BSA/HP1/DpAu/GCE aptasensor · Electrode

Treated beer samples were heated at 80 C for 2 h, ultrasonicated for 1 h, filtered through 0.22 um membrane, adjusted to pH 7.4, and spiked with T-2 toxin at 50, 5, 0.5 and 0.05 ng/mL.

Geometry: Aptasensor electrode
Context: Full aptasensor in real-sample matrix.
Measurement source: 3 and 9 · 2.4; 3.9 · Table S2

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Treated beer recovery upper boundMarked as a best value within this paper	98.0%	—	—	Text Range	9 · 3.9 · Table S2
Treated beer recovery lower bound	83.6%	—	—	Text Range	9 · 3.9 · Table S2
Treated beer RSD upper bound	5.37%	—	—	Text Range	9 · 3.9 · Table S2
Treated beer RSD lower boundMarked as a best value within this paper	3.35%	—	—	Text Range	9 · 3.9 · Table S2
Untreated beer recovery upper bound	82.7%	—	—	Text Range	9 · 3.9 · Table S2
Untreated beer recovery lower bound	59.0%	—	—	Text Range	9 · 3.9 · Table S2
Untreated beer RSD upper bound	2.23%	—	—	Text Range	9 · 3.9 · Table S2
Untreated beer RSD lower boundMarked as a best value within this paper	1.42%	—	—	Text Range	9 · 3.9 · Table S2

SWV recovery in treated beer samples

Voltammetry

CP1 bioconjugate/ExoIII/S1-S2/BSA/HP1/DpAu/GCE aptasensor · Electrode

Treated beer samples spiked with 50, 5, 0.5 and 0.05 ng/mL T-2 toxin after heating, ultrasonication, filtration and pH adjustment.

Geometry: modified glassy carbon electrode aptasensor
Context: Application validation for composite C-Ni1.5Co1.5(HITP)2 aptasensor.
Measurement source: 9 · Table S2 · Table S2

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Treated beer 1 added T-2 concentration	50 ng/mL	50 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 1 found T-2 concentration	47.7 ng/mL	47.7 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 1 recovery	94.8%	94.8 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 1 RSD	3.35%	3.35 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 2 added T-2 concentration	5 ng/mL	5 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 2 found T-2 concentration	4.18 ng/mL	4.18 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 2 recovery	83.6%	83.6 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 2 RSD	3.43%	3.43 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 3 added T-2 concentration	0.5 ng/mL	0.5 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 3 found T-2 concentration	0.49 ng/mL	0.49 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 3 recovery	98.0%	98 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 3 RSD	4.92%	4.92 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 4 added T-2 concentration	0.05 ng/mL	0.05 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 4 found T-2 concentration	0.048 ng/mL	0.048 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 4 recovery	96.0%	96 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2
Treated beer 4 RSD	5.37%	5.37 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S2 · Table S2

SWV recovery in untreated beer samples

Voltammetry

CP1 bioconjugate/ExoIII/S1-S2/BSA/HP1/DpAu/GCE aptasensor · Electrode

Untreated beer samples spiked with 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 ng/mL T-2 toxin to assess matrix effects.

Geometry: modified glassy carbon electrode aptasensor
Context: Application validation for composite C-Ni1.5Co1.5(HITP)2 aptasensor.
Measurement source: 9 · Table S3 · Table S3

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Untreated beer 1 added T-2 concentration	0 ng/mL	0 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 1 found T-2 concentration	0.003 ng/mL	0.003 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 1 recovery	N/A	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 1 RSD	N/A	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 2 added T-2 concentration	0.05 ng/mL	0.05 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 2 found T-2 concentration	0.029 ng/mL	0.029 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 2 recovery	59.0%	59 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 2 RSD	2.15%	2.15 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 3 added T-2 concentration	0.5 ng/mL	0.5 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 3 found T-2 concentration	0.34 ng/mL	0.34 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 3 recovery	67.0%	67 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 3 RSD	2.23%	2.23 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 4 added T-2 concentration	5 ng/mL	5 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 4 found T-2 concentration	4.1 ng/mL	4.1 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 4 recovery	82.7%	82.7 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 4 RSD	1.42%	1.42 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 5 added T-2 concentration	50 ng/mL	50 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 5 found T-2 concentration	36.4 ng/mL	36.4 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 5 recovery	72.8%	72.8 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3
Untreated beer 5 RSD	2.17%	2.17 %	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S3 · Table S3

Intermittent SWV stability

Voltammetry

CP1 bioconjugate/ExoIII/S1-S2/BSA/HP1/DpAu/GCE aptasensor · Electrode

Aptasensor incubated with 50 ng/mL T-2 toxin over 15 consecutive SWV cycles.

Geometry: Aptasensor electrode
Context: Full aptasensor.
Measurement source: 9 · 3.8 · Fig. 4D

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Operational stability RSD	RSD = 0.832% (n = 15)	—	n = 15	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3.8 · Fig. 4D

SWV optimisation

Voltammetry

CP1 bioconjugate/ExoIII/S1-S2/BSA/HP1/DpAu/GCE aptasensor · Electrode

Optimisation of CP1 incubation temperature, Exo III concentration, HP1 concentration and Exo III incubation time using supporting Figs. S5-S6.

Geometry: Aptasensor electrode
Context: Application device optimisation.
Measurement source: 7 · 3.5-3.6 · Figs. S5-S6

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Exo III effect	At each time point the SWV signal is stronger when Exo III is present than when absent	—	—	Text Qualitative	7 · 3.6 · Fig. S6D
Optimal CP1 bioconjugate incubation temperatureMarked as a best value within this paper	40 C	313.15 K	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.5 · Fig. S5A
Optimal Exo III concentrationMarked as a best value within this paper	1.5 U/uL	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.5 · Fig. S5B
Optimal Exo III incubation timeMarked as a best value within this paper	2 h	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.6 · Fig. S6A-B
Optimal HP1 concentrationMarked as a best value within this paper	1.0 uM	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.5 · Fig. S5C

Repeatability SWV across seven electrode batches

Voltammetry

CP1 bioconjugate/ExoIII/S1-S2/BSA/HP1/DpAu/GCE aptasensor · Electrode

Seven independently fabricated electrodes measured for 50 ng/mL T-2 toxin; n = 3 error bars in Fig. 4F.

Geometry: Aptasensor electrode
Context: Full aptasensor.
Measurement source: 9 · 3.8 · Fig. 4F

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Repeatability RSD	RSD = 1.176%	—	seven independent electrode batches; n = 3 error bars	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3.8 · Fig. 4F

SWV selectivity/interference

Voltammetry

CP1 bioconjugate/ExoIII/S1-S2/BSA/HP1/DpAu/GCE aptasensor · Electrode

T-2 toxin at 50 ng/mL tested against ZEN, AFB1/FB1 label inconsistency, DON, HT-2, DAS and mixture; interferents at 500 ng/mL.

Geometry: Aptasensor electrode
Context: Full aptasensor.
Measurement source: 8-9 · 3.8 · Fig. 4C

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Interferent concentration	500 ng/mL for each interferent	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.8 · Fig. 4C
Selectivity outcome	No significant SWV response for interferents alone; robust T-2-specific signal maintained in mixture	—	—	Text Qualitative	9 · 3.8 · Fig. 4C
T-2 toxin concentration in selectivity test	50 ng/mL	—	—	Caption Exact Reported	8 · Fig. 4 caption · Fig. 4C

Long-term storage stability by SWV

Voltammetry

CP1 bioconjugate/ExoIII/S1-S2/BSA/HP1/DpAu/GCE aptasensor · Electrode

Aptasensor incubated with 50 ng/mL T-2 toxin after refrigeration at 4 C for up to 10 days.

Temperature: 277
Geometry: Aptasensor electrode
Context: Full aptasensor.
Measurement source: 8-9 · 3.8 · Fig. 4E

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Storage retention after 10 days, figure label	92.5% at 10 days	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	8 · Fig. 4E · Fig. 4E
Storage retention after 10 days, text-reported	104.6% retained after 10-day refrigeration at 4 C	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3.8 · Fig. 4E

SWV calibration for T-2 toxin

Voltammetry

CP1 bioconjugate/ExoIII/S1-S2/BSA/HP1/DpAu/GCE aptasensor · Electrode

SWV response after incubation with T-2 toxin concentrations from 5e-7 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL; calibration plotted against log concentration.

Geometry: Aptasensor electrode
Context: Full aptasensor using CP1/Au-Thi-Au@C-Ni1.5Co1.5(HITP)2.
Measurement source: 8 · 3.7 · Fig. 4A-B

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Calibration intercept	80.45 uA	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.7 · Fig. 4B
Calibration correlation coefficient	r = 0.997	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.7 · Fig. 4B
Calibration slope	I (uA) = 3.629 lgc (nM) + 80.45	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.7 · Fig. 4B
Linear detection range upper bound	50 ng/mL	—	—	Text Exact Reported	1 and 8 · Abstract; 3.7 · Fig. 4A
Linear detection range lower bound	5 x 10^-7 ng/mL	—	—	Text Exact Reported	1 and 8 · Abstract; 3.7 · Fig. 4A
Limit of detection for T-2 toxinMarked as a best value within this paper	1.67 x 10^-7 ng/mL (S/N = 3)	—	S/N = 3	Text Exact Reported	1 and 8 · Abstract; 3.7 · Fig. 4B

SI Table S1 comparison of T-2 toxin detection methods

CP1 bioconjugate/ExoIII/S1-S2/BSA/HP1/DpAu/GCE aptasensor · Electrode

Comparison table lists this work as square wave voltammetry with a linear range of 5.0 fg/mL to 50.0 ng/mL and detection limit of 1.67 fg/mL.

Geometry: modified glassy carbon electrode aptasensor
Context: Composite aptasensor using C-Ni1.5Co1.5(HITP)2 signal probe; comparison table values are the authors own this-work row.
Measurement source: 9 · Table S1 · Table S1

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
SI Table S1 detection limit, this workMarked as a best value within this paper	1.67 fg/mL	1.67e-7 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S1 · Table S1
This-work detection method in SI comparison	Square Wave Voltammetry	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S1 · Table S1
SI Table S1 linear range upper bound, this work	50.0 ng/mL	50 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S1 · Table S1
SI Table S1 linear range lower bound, this work	5.0 fg/mL	5e-7 ng/mL	—	SI Table Exact Reported	9 · Table S1 · Table S1