Electrochemistry Application — Sulfur-Bridged Bonds Heightened Na-Storage Properties in MnS Nanocubes Encapsulated by S-Doped Carbon Matrix Synthesized via Solvent-Free Tactics for High-Performance Hybrid Sodium Ion Capacitors

Measurement evidence

Electrochemistry Application

Sulfur-Bridged Bonds Heightened Na-Storage Properties in MnS Nanocubes Encapsulated by S-Doped Carbon Matrix Synthesized via Solvent-Free Tactics for High-Performance Hybrid Sodium Ion Capacitors · Zhang H., Liu B., Lu Z. et al. · Small · 2023 · 2207214

7 measurement groups · 33 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

CV, GCD, rate and cycling tests for AC cathode

Voltammetry Galvanostatic cycling

Commercial AC cathode · Electrode

AC cathode in sodium-ion half cells; voltage window 1.5-4.0 V for cycling.

Geometry: half cell vs Na metal
Context: AC cathode component
Measurement source: p025-p026 · AC performance in SIBs · Figure S28

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
AC cathode capacity at 0.2 A g-1 after 200 cycles	69 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p026 · AC performance in SIBs · Figure S28e
AC cathode capacity at 1 A g-1 after 1000 cycles	61 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles with 99% Coulombic efficiency	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p026 · AC performance in SIBs · Figure S28f

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Impedance spectroscopy

MSC SIB anode electrode · Electrode

Frequency range 100 kHz to 0.01 Hz under open-circuit voltage; Randles equivalent circuit fit.

Temperature: 293.15
Atmosphere: open circuit voltage
Geometry: SIB half-cell electrode
Context: MSC target compared with MC control
Measurement source: p023-p024 · Figure S26 and EIS discussion · Figure S26

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
MC charge-transfer resistance Rct	Rct = 3.794 ohm	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p023 · Figure S26 · Figure S26d
MC ohmic resistance Rs	Rs = 6.295 ohm	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p023 · Figure S26 · Figure S26d
MSC charge-transfer resistance RctMarked as a best value within this paper	Rct = 2.519 ohm	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p023 · Figure S26 · Figure S26d
MSC ohmic resistance RsMarked as a best value within this paper	Rs = 1.41 ohm	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p023 · Figure S26 · Figure S26d
MSC low-frequency Z' vs omega^-1/2 slopeMarked as a best value within this paper	slope = 26.4	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p023 · Figure S26 · Figure S26b

Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT)

Galvanostatic cycling

MSC SIB anode electrode · Electrode

GITT profiles and Na+ diffusion coefficients during sodiation and desodiation; pulse-current method described in SI.

Geometry: SIB half cell
Context: MSC target compared with MC control
Measurement source: p008-p009 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 5h,i; Figure S25

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
MSC Na+ diffusion coefficient compared with MCMarked as a best value within this paper	MSC possesses a higher DNa+ value than MC electrode	—	—	Qualitative Qualitative	p009 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 5i

Cyclic voltammetry

MSC SIB anode electrode · Electrode

SIB half cell, voltage 0.01-3.0 V, scan rate 0.1 mV s-1, first three cycles.

Atmosphere: 2032 cell assembled in Ar glove box
Geometry: coin half cell vs Na foil
Context: MSC target anode
Measurement source: p006-p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4a

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source

Galvanostatic charge-discharge and cycling

Galvanostatic cycling

MSC SIB anode electrode · Electrode

SIB half cells, 0.01-3.0 V; MSC compared with MC at 0.2 A g-1 and long-term 10 A g-1.

Atmosphere: Ar glove-box assembled coin cells
Geometry: coin half cell vs Na foil
Context: MSC target with MC control
Measurement source: p006-p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4b-g; Figures S15-S17; Tables S1-S2

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
MC reversible discharge capacity after 90 cycles at 0.2 A g-1	327 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 after 90 cycles	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4c
MC long-term capacity at 10 A g-1	113 mAh g-1 under same circumstances	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4g
MC initial Coulombic efficiency	57.7% (126.2/218.6 mAh g-1)	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure S15; Table S1
MSC reversible discharge capacity after 90 cycles at 0.2 A g-1Marked as a best value within this paper	600 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 after 90 cycles	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4c; Table S2
MSC long-term capacity at 10 A g-1Marked as a best value within this paper	357 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 10 A g-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4g; Table S2
MSC initial Coulombic efficiencyMarked as a best value within this paper	73.3% (278.3/379.5 mAh g-1)	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure S15; Table S1
MSC average rate capacity at 0.1 A g-1Marked as a best value within this paper	369.6 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4d
MSC average rate capacity at 0.2 A g-1	349.8 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4d
MSC average rate capacity at 0.5 A g-1	328.3 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4d
MSC average rate capacity at 10 A g-1	309.4 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4d
MSC average rate capacity at 1 A g-1	324.5 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4d
MSC average rate capacity at 2 A g-1	323.6 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4d
MSC average rate capacity at 5 A g-1	317.8 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4d
MSC recovered capacity when current returned to 0.1 A g-1	453.0 mAh g-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p007 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 4d

Scan-rate CV kinetic analysis

MSC SIB anode electrode · Electrode

CV scan rates 0.1-10 mV s-1; b-value and capacitive/diffusion contribution analysis.

Geometry: SIB half cell
Context: MSC target and MC/MSC variants
Measurement source: p008 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 5d-g; Figures S20-S24

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
MSC b value at 0.01 V	b = 0.988 at 0.01 V	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p008 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 5e
MSC b value at 0.6 V	b = 1.056 at 0.6 V	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p008 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 5e
MSC surface capacitive contribution at 10 mV s-1Marked as a best value within this paper	99%	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p008 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 5g
MSC surface capacitive contribution at 1 mV s-1	approximately 87%	—	approximately	Text Approximate	p008 · 2.2 Performance of SIBs · Figure 5f,g

Full-cell CV, GCD, Ragone and cycling tests

Voltammetry Galvanostatic cycling

AC//MSC sodium-ion hybrid capacitor full cell · Electrode

AC//MSC sodium-ion hybrid capacitor; voltage 0.01-4.0 V; active material mass ratio MSC:AC = 1:2.

Geometry: two-electrode full cell
Context: SIHC device based on MSC anode and AC cathode
Measurement source: p009-p010 · 2.3 Performance of SIHCs · Figure 6; Figures S29-S32; Table S3

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
AC//MSC SIHC maximum energy densityMarked as a best value within this paper	109 Wh kg-1 at 98 W kg-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p009 · 2.3 Performance of SIHCs · Figure 6d
AC//MSC SIHC energy density at high power density	49 Wh kg-1 at 5136 W kg-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p009 · 2.3 Performance of SIHCs · Figure 6d
LED practical demonstration	55 LEDs lit for 10 min	10 min	—	Text Rounded Reported	p009 · 2.3 Performance of SIHCs · Figure 6e; Figure S32
Optimised SIHC anode/cathode mass ratioMarked as a best value within this paper	anode/cathode mass ratio = 1:2	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p027 · Figure S30 discussion · Figure S29
AC//MSC SIHC power density at maximum reported energy density	98 W kg-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p009 · 2.3 Performance of SIHCs · Figure 6d
AC//MSC SIHC high power density pointMarked as a best value within this paper	5136 W kg-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p009 · 2.3 Performance of SIHCs · Figure 6d
AC//MSC SIHC capacity retention	88% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 2 A g-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p009 · 2.3 Performance of SIHCs · Figure 6e; Table S3