Synthesis · Defects as Color Centers: The Apparent Color of Metal-Organic Frameworks Containing Cu2+-Based Paddle-Wheel Units

4 structured synthesis routes

Completeness describes how fully the route could be reconstructed from the main article and supporting information.

Complete recipeSource: Both

Route 1: Other

3 · Experimental Section, Sample Synthesis · Figure 1

Metal precursorsethanolic 1 mM copper(II) acetate (Alfa Aesar 99.9%)

Linker precursorsethanolic 0.2 mM BTC solution (BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid / trimesic acid, Alfa Aesar 98%)

Solventsethanol; pure ethanol bath with ultrasonication between component immersions

Atmosphereambient/not specified; all SURMOFs synthesised at room temperature using a dipping robot

Temperatureroom temperature

Time86 cycles; each cycle includes 15 min copper acetate, 30 min BTC, and 2 min 40 kHz ultrasonication in ethanol between component immersions

Substrate orientationappropriately functionalised solid quartz glass substrate; oxygen plasma treatment for 20 min

Work-upthorough ethanol rinsing between immersion steps; ultrasonicated in ethanol for 2 min during HQ-SURMOF fabrication

Activationnot reported for thin films in the main article

Scalability contextDipping robot with 40 kHz ultrasonic bath; no area or batch scale reported.

Show 4 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	copper(II) acetate (Alfa Aesar 99.9%)	1 mM in ethanol	3 · Experimental Section, Sample Synthesis · Figure 1
Linker	BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid; also referred to as trimesic acid (Alfa Aesar 98%)	0.2 mM in ethanol	3 · Experimental Section, Sample Synthesis · Figure 1
Solvent	ethanol	Not specified	3 · Experimental Section, Sample Synthesis · Figure 1
Other	40 kHz ultrasonic bath from Weber Ultrasonic GmbH	2 min per ethanol treatment	3 · Experimental Section, Sample Synthesis · Figure 1

Vague recipeSource: Main

Route 2: Solvothermal

2 · Figure caption and Results and Discussions · Figure 1b

Metal precursorsnot reported in main article

Linker precursorsnot reported in main article

Solventsnot reported in main article

ActivationMain text states HKUST-1 powders convert from greenish to blue when activated by heating in an inert atmosphere, citing prior work; no activation of the pictured powder is specified.

Complete recipeSource: Both

Route 3: Other

3 · Experimental Section, Sample Synthesis · Figure 1

Metal precursorsethanolic 1 mM copper(II) acetate (Alfa Aesar 99.9%)

Linker precursorsethanolic 0.2 mM BTC solution (BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid / trimesic acid, Alfa Aesar 98%)

Solventsethanol; pure ethanol rinse/immersion between component solutions

Atmosphereambient/not specified; all SURMOFs synthesised at room temperature using a dipping robot

Temperatureroom temperature

Time50 cycles; each cycle includes 15 min copper acetate, 30 min BTC, and 2 min pure ethanol immersions/rinses between solutions

Substrate orientationappropriately functionalised solid quartz glass substrate; oxygen plasma treatment for 20 min

Work-upthorough ethanol rinsing between immersion steps; regular SURMOF simply immersed in pure ethanol for 2 min

Activationnot reported for thin films in the main article

Scalability contextAutomated dipping-robot layer-by-layer growth; no area or batch scale reported.

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	copper(II) acetate (Alfa Aesar 99.9%)	1 mM in ethanol	3 · Experimental Section, Sample Synthesis · Figure 1
Linker	BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid; also referred to as trimesic acid (Alfa Aesar 98%)	0.2 mM in ethanol	3 · Experimental Section, Sample Synthesis · Figure 1
Solvent	ethanol	Not specified	3 · Experimental Section, Sample Synthesis · Figure 1

Partial recipeSource: Both

Route 4: Other

3 · Figure caption · Figure 4

Solventswater vapour exposure

Atmospherewater vapour; detailed humidity/temperature not reported in main article

Time0.25 h

Oxidant / reductantwater vapour treatment increases reduced Cu+ fraction

Work-upexposure of pristine HQ-SURMOF to water vapour for 15 min

Show 1 structured reagent record

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	water vapour	15 min exposure	3 · Figure caption · Figure 4