Synthesis · Atomic Ruthenium-Riveted Metal-Organic Framework with Tunable d-Band Modulates Oxygen Redox for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

4 structured synthesis routes

Completeness describes how fully the route could be reconstructed from the main article and supporting information.

Complete recipeSource: Both

Route 1: Hydrothermal

3 · Experimental Section

Metal precursorsNiCl2.6H2O, 16.0 mg

Linker precursorsHTP, 20.0 mg

SolventsH2O, 8 mL

Additivesconcentrated ammonia, 0.8 mL, 14.0 M

Atmospherenot reported

Temperature65

Time4

Substrate orientationcarbon paper piece, 1.0 x 2.5 cm2, immersed in precursor solution

Oxidant / reductantnot reported

Work-upcool to room temperature; wash with ethanol three times; dry in vacuum oven at 60 deg C for 10 h

Activationvacuum drying at 60 deg C for 10 h

Scalability contextBatch prepared in a 20 mL glass bottle on carbon paper; no scale-up data reported.

Show 5 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	NiCl2.6H2O	16.0 mg	3 · Experimental Section
Linker	HTP	20.0 mg	3 · Experimental Section
Solvent	H2O	8 mL	3 · Experimental Section
Base	concentrated ammonia	0.8 mL · 14.0 M	3 · Experimental Section
Other	carbon paper	1.0 x 2.5 cm2	3 · Experimental Section

Complete recipeSource: SI

Route 2: Hydrothermal

3 · Experimental Section

Metal precursorsNiCl2.6H2O, 16.0 mg

Linker precursorsHTP, 20.0 mg

SolventsH2O, 8 mL

Additivesconcentrated ammonia, 0.8 mL, 14.0 M

Atmospherenot reported

Temperature65

Time4

Substrate orientationno carbon paper

Oxidant / reductantnot reported

Work-upsame process as electrode route; no powder-specific workup beyond same ethanol wash/vacuum dry is separately described

Activationvacuum drying at 60 deg C for 10 h by same process

Scalability contextPowder route is explicitly the electrode route without carbon paper.

Show 4 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	NiCl2.6H2O	16.0 mg	3 · Experimental Section
Linker	HTP	20.0 mg	3 · Experimental Section
Solvent	H2O	8 mL	3 · Experimental Section
Base	concentrated ammonia	0.8 mL · 14.0 M	3 · Experimental Section

Complete recipeSource: Both

Route 3: Other

3 · Experimental Section

Metal precursorsRuCl3, 80.0 mg; as-prepared Ni-HTP electrode supplies Ni framework

Linker precursorspreformed Ni-HTP/HTP framework

Solventsethanol, 15 mL

Additivesnone reported

Atmospherenot reported

Temperature70

Time12

Substrate orientationas-prepared Ni-HTP electrode immersed in RuCl3 ethanol solution and transferred to 25 mL Teflon-lined autoclave

Oxidant / reductantRu3+ ion-exchange; no separate redox reagent reported

Work-upcool to room temperature; wash with ethanol three times; dry in vacuum oven at 60 deg C for 10 h

Activationvacuum drying at 60 deg C for 10 h

Scalability contextRu content reported as tunable by changing RuCl3 concentration; no quantitative series extracted here.

Show 4 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	RuCl3	80.0 mg	3 · Experimental Section
Solvent	ethanol	15 mL	3 · Experimental Section
Other	as-prepared Ni-HTP electrode	Not specified	3 · Experimental Section
Other	Teflon-lined autoclave	25 mL	3 · Experimental Section

Complete recipeSource: SI

Route 4: Other

3 · Experimental Section

Metal precursorsRuCl3, 80.0 mg; preformed Ni-HTP powder

Linker precursorspreformed Ni-HTP/HTP framework

Solventsethanol, 15 mL

Additivesnone reported

Atmospherenot reported

Temperature70

Time12

Substrate orientationno carbon paper

Oxidant / reductantRu3+ ion-exchange; no separate redox reagent reported

Work-upsame process as electrode route; wash with ethanol three times and dry in vacuum oven at 60 deg C for 10 h

Activationvacuum drying at 60 deg C for 10 h

Scalability contextPowder route is explicitly the electrode route without carbon paper.

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	RuCl3	80.0 mg	3 · Experimental Section
Solvent	ethanol	15 mL	3 · Experimental Section
Other	as-prepared Ni-HTP powder	Not specified	3 · Experimental Section