Electrical Transport — The Origins of Ion Conductivity in MOF-Ionic Liquids Hybrid Solid Electrolytes

9 measurement groups · 45 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

impedance spectroscopy Nyquist/CPE fitting and Arrhenius analysis

Impedance spectroscopy

MIL-121 + IL · Pellet

same impedance protocol as other pellet samples; CPE in parallel to resistor fitted at -30 and 30 deg C

Temperature: 183-383
Atmosphere: coin cells kept samples free from moisture and air
Geometry: 5 mm diameter, about 1 mm thick pellets with sputtered Au blocking electrodes
Context: Li-free MOF plus EMIM-TFSI ionic liquid control
Measurement source: 6 · 3 Results and Discussion · Figure 3; Table 2

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
calculated DC conductivity at 30 deg C from Rp and nominal pellet geometry	~5.01e-04 S cm^-1 from Rp=1.016 kOhm, d=5 mm, l~1 mm	0.000501 S cm^-1	—	Calculated From Reported Approximate	3 and 5 · 2 Materials and Methods / Table 2 · Table 2
CPE exponent a at 30 deg C	0.95	0.95 dimensionless	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
CPE exponent a at -30 deg C	0.97	0.97 dimensionless	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
CPE capacitance Cp at 30 deg C	36 pF	3.6e-11 F	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
CPE capacitance Cp at -30 deg C	24 pF	2.4e-11 F	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
activation energy above 30 deg C	0.25 eV	0.25 eV	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	4 · Figure 3C · Figure 3C
activation energy below 30 deg C	0.42(3) eV	0.42 eV	(3) eV	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	4 · Figure 3C · Figure 3C
parallel resistance Rp at 30 deg CMarked as a best value within this paper	1.016 kOhm	1016 Ohm	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
parallel resistance Rp at -30 deg C	44.38 kOhm	44380 Ohm	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2

impedance spectroscopy Nyquist/CPE fitting and Arrhenius analysis

Impedance spectroscopy

MIL-121 + IL + LiTFSI · Pellet

same impedance protocol as other pellet samples; CPE in parallel to resistor fitted at -30 and 30 deg C

Temperature: 183-383
Atmosphere: coin cells kept samples free from moisture and air
Geometry: 5 mm diameter, about 1 mm thick pellets with sputtered Au blocking electrodes
Context: Li-free MOF plus 0.4 M LiTFSI/EMIM-TFSI control
Measurement source: 5 · 3 Results and Discussion · Figure 3; Table 2

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
calculated DC conductivity at 30 deg C from Rp and nominal pellet geometry	~2.35e-04 S cm^-1 from Rp=2.164 kOhm, d=5 mm, l~1 mm	0.000235 S cm^-1	—	Calculated From Reported Approximate	3 and 5 · 2 Materials and Methods / Table 2 · Table 2
CPE exponent a at 30 deg C	0.95	0.95 dimensionless	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
CPE exponent a at -30 deg C	0.97	0.97 dimensionless	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
CPE capacitance Cp at 30 deg C	30 pF	3e-11 F	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
CPE capacitance Cp at -30 deg C	20 pF	2e-11 F	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
activation energy above 30 deg C	0.28 eV	0.28 eV	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	4 · Figure 3C · Figure 3C
activation energy below 30 deg C	0.47(3) eV	0.47 eV	(3) eV	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	4 · Figure 3C · Figure 3C
parallel resistance Rp at 30 deg C	2.164 kOhm	2164 Ohm	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
parallel resistance Rp at -30 deg C	147.5 kOhm	147500 Ohm	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2

impedance spectroscopy conductivity isotherms

Electrical conductivity Impedance spectroscopy

MIL-121/Li · Pellet

Concept 80 / Alpha-A impedance analyser with active ZGS cell; 1e7 to 1e-2 Hz, 0.1 V AC, -90 to 110 deg C, every 20 deg C on cooling

Temperature: 183-383
Atmosphere: coin cells kept samples free from moisture and air
Geometry: 5 mm diameter, about 1 mm thick pellets with sputtered Au blocking electrodes
Context: dry lithiated MOF control
Measurement source: 3 · 2 Materials and Methods / 3 Results · Figure 2A

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
DC conductivity at 110 deg C	10^-12 S cm^-1 at the very faint DC plateau seen at 110 deg C	1e-12 S cm^-1	—	Text Approximate	3 · 3 Results and Discussion · Figure 2A
dry MIL-121/Li insulating regime	behaves like an insulator up to 90 deg C	363.15 K	—	Text Qualitative	3 · 3 Results and Discussion · Figure 2A

impedance spectroscopy conductivity isotherms and Nyquist/CPE fitting

Electrical conductivity Impedance spectroscopy

MIL-121/Li + IL · Pellet

Concept 80 / Alpha-A impedance analyser; 1e7 to 1e-2 Hz, 0.1 V AC, -90 to 110 deg C; conductivity from DC plateaus; CPE in parallel to resistor fitted at -30 and 30 deg C

Temperature: 183-383
Atmosphere: coin cells kept samples free from moisture and air
Geometry: 5 mm diameter, about 1 mm thick pellets with sputtered Au blocking electrodes
Context: lithiated MOF plus EMIM-TFSI ionic liquid
Measurement source: 4 · 3 Results and Discussion · Figures 2B and 3; Table 2

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
calculated DC conductivity at 30 deg C from Rp and nominal pellet geometry	~4.98e-04 S cm^-1 from Rp=1.023 kOhm, d=5 mm, l~1 mm	0.000498 S cm^-1	—	Calculated From Reported Approximate	3 and 5 · 2 Materials and Methods / Table 2 · Table 2
CPE capacitance range for ionic-liquid samples	20-40 pF	—	range	Text Range	5 · 3 Results and Discussion · Table 2
CPE exponent a at 30 deg C	0.94	0.94 dimensionless	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
CPE exponent a at -30 deg C	0.96	0.96 dimensionless	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
DC conductivity at 30 deg CMarked as a best value within this paper	0.5 mS cm^-1 at 30 deg C	0.0005 S cm^-1	—	Text Rounded Reported	5 · 3 Results and Discussion · Figure 2B
conductivity increase relative to dry MIL-121/Li	more than eight orders of magnitude	—	lower bound	Text Approximate	5 · 3 Results and Discussion · Figure 2B
CPE capacitance Cp at 30 deg C	39 pF	3.9e-11 F	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
CPE capacitance Cp at -30 deg C	24 pF	2.4e-11 F	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
activation energy above 30 deg C	0.25 eV	0.25 eV	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	4 · Figure 3C · Figure 3C
activation energy below 30 deg C	0.40(2) eV	0.4 eV	(2) eV	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	4 · Figure 3C · Figure 3C
parallel resistance Rp at 30 deg CMarked as a best value within this paper	1.023 kOhm	1023 Ohm	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
parallel resistance Rp at -30 deg C	39.09 kOhm	39090 Ohm	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2

impedance spectroscopy Nyquist/CPE fitting and Arrhenius analysis

Impedance spectroscopy

MIL-121/Li + IL + LiTFSI · Pellet

same impedance protocol as other pellet samples; CPE in parallel to resistor fitted at -30 and 30 deg C

Temperature: 183-383
Atmosphere: coin cells kept samples free from moisture and air
Geometry: 5 mm diameter, about 1 mm thick pellets with sputtered Au blocking electrodes
Context: lithiated MOF plus 0.4 M LiTFSI/EMIM-TFSI
Measurement source: 5 · 3 Results and Discussion · Figure 3; Table 2

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
calculated DC conductivity at 30 deg C from Rp and nominal pellet geometry	~2.54e-04 S cm^-1 from Rp=2.004 kOhm, d=5 mm, l~1 mm	0.000254 S cm^-1	—	Calculated From Reported Approximate	3 and 5 · 2 Materials and Methods / Table 2 · Table 2
CPE exponent a at 30 deg C	0.94	0.94 dimensionless	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
CPE exponent a at -30 deg C	0.96	0.96 dimensionless	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
CPE capacitance Cp at 30 deg C	37 pF	3.7e-11 F	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
CPE capacitance Cp at -30 deg C	23 pF	2.2999999999999998e-11 F	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
activation energy above 30 deg C	0.27 eV	0.27 eV	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	4 · Figure 3C · Figure 3C
activation energy below 30 deg C	0.46(3) eV	0.46 eV	(3) eV	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	4 · Figure 3C · Figure 3C
parallel resistance Rp at 30 deg C	2.004 kOhm	2004 Ohm	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2
parallel resistance Rp at -30 deg C	134.6 kOhm	134600 Ohm	—	Table Exact Reported	5 · Table 2 · Table 2

impedance spectroscopy conductivity isotherms

Electrical conductivity Impedance spectroscopy

MIL-121 + IL · Pellet

Supplementary conductivity isotherms from 110 to -90 deg C in 20 deg C steps for Li-free MIL-121 with EMIM-TFSI.

Temperature: 183-383
Atmosphere: sealed/air-free pellet measurement as described in main text
Geometry: 5 mm diameter, about 1 mm thick pellet with Au blocking electrodes
Context: Li-free MOF plus EMIM-TFSI ionic-liquid control
Measurement source: SI p001 · Supplementary Figures · Figure S1c

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
full conductivity-isotherm family for MIL-121 + IL	110 to -90 deg C in 20 deg C steps; pure EMIM-TFSI/MIL-121 control has high-temperature conductivities comparable to MIL-121/Li + IL	—	—	Caption Qualitative	SI p001 · Supplementary Figures · Figure S1c

impedance spectroscopy conductivity isotherms

Electrical conductivity Impedance spectroscopy

MIL-121 + IL + LiTFSI · Pellet

Supplementary conductivity isotherms from 110 to -90 deg C in 20 deg C steps for Li-free MIL-121 with 0.4 M LiTFSI in EMIM-TFSI.

Temperature: 183-383
Atmosphere: sealed/air-free pellet measurement as described in main text
Geometry: 5 mm diameter, about 1 mm thick pellet with Au blocking electrodes
Context: Li-free MOF plus 0.4 M LiTFSI/EMIM-TFSI control
Measurement source: SI p001 · Supplementary Figures · Figure S1a

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
full conductivity-isotherm family for MIL-121 + IL + LiTFSI	110 to -90 deg C in 20 deg C steps; high-temperature plateaus in ~10^-3 to 10^-4 S cm^-1 range and low-temperature traces fall to ~10^-12 to 10^-15 S cm^-1	—	—	Visual Estimate Approximate	SI p001 · Supplementary Figures · Figure S1a

impedance spectroscopy conductivity isotherms

Electrical conductivity Impedance spectroscopy

MIL-121/Li + IL + LiTFSI · Pellet

Supplementary conductivity isotherms from 110 to -90 deg C in 20 deg C steps for MIL-121/Li with 0.4 M LiTFSI in EMIM-TFSI.

Temperature: 183-383
Atmosphere: sealed/air-free pellet measurement as described in main text
Geometry: 5 mm diameter, about 1 mm thick pellet with Au blocking electrodes
Context: lithiated MOF plus 0.4 M LiTFSI/EMIM-TFSI
Measurement source: SI p001 · Supplementary Figures · Figure S1b

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
full conductivity-isotherm family for MIL-121/Li + IL + LiTFSI	110 to -90 deg C in 20 deg C steps; similar isotherm shape to MIL-121 + IL + LiTFSI control	—	—	Caption Qualitative	SI p001 · Supplementary Figures · Figure S1b

electric modulus and impedance imaginary-part plot

MIL-121/Li · Pellet

MIL-121/Li without ionic liquid measured at 110 deg C; M double-prime and Z double-prime plotted versus frequency on logarithmic scales.

Temperature: 383.15
Atmosphere: sealed/air-free pellet measurement as described in main text
Geometry: 5 mm diameter, about 1 mm thick pellet with Au blocking electrodes
Context: dry lithiated MOF control
Measurement source: SI p001 · Supplementary Figures · Figure S1d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
local relaxation and poor long-range transport in dry MIL-121/Li	local electrical relaxation and very poor long-range ion transport distinguished at 110 deg C	383.15 K	—	Caption Qualitative	SI p001 · Supplementary Figures · Figure S1d