Electrical Transport — The development of measuring setup for electrical noise research in two-dimensional semiconductor structures for quantum Hall resistance standard

6 measurement groups · 38 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

Low-noise preamplifier characterisation using BF862 first stage and LMH6629 later stages

ESCI 3 spectrum analyser and low-noise preamplifier setup · Model

First-stage response estimated from Figure 3 over about 10 kHz to 30 MHz; LMH6629 stages used in second and third stages.

Geometry: Preamplifier input impedance about 100 kohm; output matched to analyser input
Context: Measurement-apparatus component
Measurement source: p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier · Figure 3

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
BF862 first-stage gain over 10 kHz to 30 MHz	about 4 V/V	—	—	Text Approximate	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier · Figure 3
BF862 equivalent input noise voltage at 100 kHz	0.8 nV/√Hz	8e-10 V/sqrt(Hz)	—	Text Rounded Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier
BF862/LMH6629 preamplifier RMS output noise up to 30 MHz	5.5 µV	0.0000055 V	—	Text Rounded Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier
BF862/LMH6629 preamplifier input noise equivalent	1 nV/√Hz	1e-9 V/sqrt(Hz)	—	Text Rounded Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier
BF862 typical transition frequency	715 MHz	715000000 Hz	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier
LMH6629 input noise voltage equivalent	0.69 nV/√Hz	6.9e-10 V/sqrt(Hz)	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier

Broadband electrical-noise screening of semiconductor material sample

Figure 7 semiconductor material sample · Unknown

Screening band 10 kHz to 100 MHz; sample current forced at several microamps; room-temperature screening before lower-frequency correlation tests.

Geometry: Sample in shielded housing with preamplifier and batteries
Context: Anonymous semiconductor material sample; framework/composite status not reported
Measurement source: p006 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 7

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
corner frequency of anonymous semiconductor sample	about 36 MHz	36000000 Hz	—	Text Approximate	p006 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 7
sample current level during Figure 7 screening	several microamps	—	—	Text Qualitative	p006 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 7
QHRS suitability of anonymous sample	not suitable for making a QHRS	—	—	Qualitative Qualitative	p006 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 7
voltage-current screening current window for further tests	+/-5 µA	0.000005 A	symmetric positive/negative current range	Text Exact Reported	p006 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup

Four-stage preamplifier noise-factor calculation using Friis formula

ESCI 3 spectrum analyser and low-noise preamplifier setup · Model

Two selected four-stage preamplifier variants combined with RF receiver; parameters listed in Table 1.

Geometry: Four-stage preamplifier plus RF receiver; CE3512K2 and LMH6629 stages
Context: Measurement-apparatus component
Measurement source: p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier · Table 1

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
built measurement setup noise figure after preamplifier	0.64 dB	—	—	Calculated From Reported Rounded Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier · Equation 9
CE3512K2 catalogue noise figure	NF = 0.30 dB	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier
second-version transistor drain current	3 mA	0.003 A	limited to value	Text Exact Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier
second-version stage gain	12.5 dB	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier
second-version stage noise figure	0.5 dB	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier
Table 1 variant 1 system voltage gain	GV = 800 V/V	—	—	Table Exact Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier · Table 1
Table 1 variant 1 system noise figure	NFSYSTEM = 0.68 dB	—	—	Table Exact Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier · Table 1
Table 1 variant 2 system voltage gain	GV = 320 V/V	—	—	Table Exact Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier · Table 1
Table 1 variant 2 system noise figureMarked as a best value within this paper	NFSYSTEM = 0.35 dB	—	—	Table Exact Reported	p004 · 2.2 Preamplifier · Table 1

Reference broad-band noise test using SML 3 generator, ESCI 3 receiver, SNS18 noise source and HVA-200M-40-F amplifier

ESCI 3 spectrum analyser and low-noise preamplifier setup · Model

Design-relevant range 10 kHz to 100 MHz; analyser screen settings RBW 100 Hz and AQT 160 s; amplifier known-parameter reference check.

Geometry: Amplifier output impedance matched to spectrum analyser input
Context: Measurement-apparatus validation
Measurement source: p005 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figures 5-6

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
acquisition time setting	AQT 160 s	160 s	—	Text Exact Reported	p005 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 6
displayed floor noise level	-123.9 dBm	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p005 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 6
reference terminator/amplifier input noise	1 nV/√Hz	1e-9 V/sqrt(Hz)	—	Text Rounded Reported	p005 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 6
broadband noise RMS voltage at reference amplifier output	560 µV	0.00056 V	—	Calculated From Reported Rounded Reported	p005 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 6
resolution bandwidth setting	RBW 100 Hz	100 Hz	—	Text Exact Reported	p005 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 6
average analyser-screen noise in design-relevant range	-102.7 dBm	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p005 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 6
total noise referred to reference amplifier input	5.6 nV/√Hz	5.6e-9 V/sqrt(Hz)	—	Calculated From Reported Rounded Reported	p005 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 6
power transferred to analyser in reference test	-52 dBm	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p005 · 3. Testing the broadband electrical noise measurement setup · Figure 6

Broadband electrical-noise measurement with spectrum analyser and preamplifier

ESCI 3 spectrum analyser and low-noise preamplifier setup · Model

Frequency range 10 kHz to 100 MHz; preamplifier gain reported as 400 V/V; intended for semiconductor 2D-COF/MOF structures for QHRS.

Geometry: 50 ohm matched spectrum-analyser measurement chain
Context: Measurement apparatus for model semiconductor structures
Measurement source: p001 · Abstract

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
preamplifier gain for approximately 1 nV/sqrt(Hz) input noise	400 V/V	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p001 · Abstract
setup input noise at 100 kHz	approximately 1 nV/√Hz at 100 kHz	1e-9 V/sqrt(Hz)	—	Text Approximate	p001 · Abstract
best stated whole-system noise figure at higher frequenciesMarked as a best value within this paper	below 0.4 dB	—	upper bound	Text Approximate	p001 · Abstract
lower frequency limit of intended measurement range	10 kHz	10000 Hz	—	Text Exact Reported	p001 · Abstract
upper frequency limit of intended measurement range	100 MHz	100000000 Hz	—	Text Exact Reported	p001 · Abstract

ESCI 3 measuring radio frequency receiver used as spectrum analyser

ESCI 3 spectrum analyser and low-noise preamplifier setup · Model

Full instrument input frequency range 9 kHz to 3 GHz; 50 ohm impedance matching; room-temperature thermal-noise calculations assume 300 K.

Temperature: 300
Geometry: 50 ohm analyser input system
Context: Measurement-apparatus component
Measurement source: p002-p003 · 2.1 Spectrum analyser

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
ESCI 3 lower input frequency range	9 kHz	9000 Hz	—	Text Exact Reported	p002 · 2.1 Spectrum analyser
ESCI 3 upper input frequency range	3 GHz	3000000000 Hz	—	Text Exact Reported	p002 · 2.1 Spectrum analyser
impedance matching system	50 Ω	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · 2.1 Spectrum analyser
ESCI analyser noise figure	7 dB	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p003 · 2.2 Preamplifier
calculated thermal noise power for assumed band	-94 dBm	—	—	Calculated From Reported Rounded Reported	p003 · 2.1 Spectrum analyser · Equation 5
calculated RMS noise voltage for assumed 50 ohm system	4.5 µV	0.0000045 V	—	Calculated From Reported Rounded Reported	p003 · 2.1 Spectrum analyser · Equation 5