Primary studyCore evidenceTheory Transport

Topochemical conversion of a dense metal-organic framework from a crystalline insulator to an amorphous semiconductor

Tominaka S., Hamoudi H., Suga T. et al. · Chemical Science · 2015 · 1465-1473

3materials
9samples
4synthesis routes
15measurements
41results
6claims and caveats

Evidence map

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Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

The crystalline insulating dense MOF [CuICl(ttcH3)] is converted into an amorphous MOF semiconductor [CuI1.8(ttcH1.2)].

Caveat: Conductivity remains modest despite the narrow optical gap.

8 · Conclusions · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

Conductivity in compound 3 is attributed to an inorganic CuSx/Cu-S-Cu network rather than direct Cu-Cu metal-to-metal conduction.

Caveat: The approximately 3.2 A Cu-Cu distance comes from broad PDF features and is explicitly described as less definitive than sharp-peak distances.

6 · Atomic structure · Figure 6 · Linked to 4 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

Ammonia solution at pH 11.4 is essential for dechlorination; lower pH gives incomplete dechlorination and higher pH dissolves compound 1.

Caveat: The paper reports the comparative outcome but does not give full recipes for failed lower- or higher-pH trials.

7 · Outline of the conversion reactions · Linked to 2 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

Compound 1 converts topochemically to compound 2 and then compound 3, with the reaction proceeding from the surface inward while retaining crystal morphology.

Caveat: Mechanistic description is inferred from time-dependent diffraction/appearance and chemical reasoning.

7 · Outline of the conversion reactions · Figure S13 · Linked to 2 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

Additional unoccupied S-derived states in compound 3 near the Fermi level account for the colour change, narrowed optical gap, and semiconducting behaviour.

Caveat: The authors call the DFT treatment preliminary, especially for the full amorphous system.

7 · Electronic states · Figure 7 and Figure S14 · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

Temperature-dependent conductivity in compound 3 is consistent with hopping or thermal activation rather than tunnelling, but variable-range-hopping dimensionality fits are inconclusive.

Caveat: The SI plots can be fitted to multiple dimensionalities, so the precise conduction pathway is not uniquely established.

3 · Conductivity measurements · Figure S7 · Linked to 2 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Compound 1, copper(I) chloride trithiocyanurateCuICl(ttcH3); C3H3ClCuN3S3Cu(I) · trithiocyanuric acid (ttcH3)3D · PristineDense crystalline MOF; CuClS3 tetrahedra connected by neutral ttcH3 molecules; Pa-3 cubic structure.1 · Abstract/Introduction · Figure 1
Compound 2, ammonia-treated Cu-trithiocyanurate intermediate(H3O)0.7(NH4)0.5[Cu1.8(ttc)]Cu(I) · deprotonated trithiocyanurate (ttc)unknown · PristineAmorphous to X-rays with diffuse scattering and weak peaks; hydrated/ammoniated intermediate after aqueous ammonia treatment.3 · Appearance & composition · Figure 2
Compound 3, amorphous copper trithiocyanurate semiconductorCuI1.8(ttc)0.6(ttcH3)0.4; Cu1.8(C3N3S3H1.2)Cu(I) · partially deprotonated trithiocyanurate, (ttc3-)0.6(ttcH3)0.43D · PristineAmorphous MOF with chemical short-range order and inferred inorganic Cu-S-Cu network; dimensionality described as IxO3-x (x > 1).1 · Abstract

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 9 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Compound 1 reddish-orange octahedral crystalsresearch_0748__mat__mat_1_cucl_ttcH3Single Crystal · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkSolvothermally grown, vacuum-filtered and ethanol-rinsed crystals.2 · Experimental - Synthesis
Compound 1 powder pelletresearch_0748__mat__mat_1_cucl_ttcH3Pellet · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkGround powder pelletised at 0.5 GPa with a few drops of water, then dried under vacuum.ca. 0.6 mm3 · Conductivity measurements
Compound 2 ammonia-treated monolithresearch_0748__mat__mat_2_ammonia_intermediateUnknown · Target Sample · Guest LoadedCompound 1 crystals treated in 0.43% aqueous ammonia for 2 days and rinsed with distilled water.2 · Experimental - Synthesis · Figure 2
Compound 3, 5-day ammonia-treatment replicateresearch_0748__mat__mat_3_amorphous_cu_ttcPellet · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkCompound 1 treated in aqueous ammonia for 5 days, then dried under vacuum.2 · Experimental - Synthesis
Compound 3 vacuum-dried black monolithresearch_0748__mat__mat_3_amorphous_cu_ttcUnknown · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkCompound 2 dried at 130 deg C under vacuum for more than 6 h.2 · Experimental - Synthesis · Figure 2
Compound 3 powder pelletresearch_0748__mat__mat_3_amorphous_cu_ttcPellet · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkGently ground, pelletised at 0.5 GPa with a few drops of water, dried at 130 deg C under vacuum overnight, then measured under nitrogen.ca. 0.6 mm3 · Conductivity measurements · Figure 3
Compound 3 single monolith on microelectrodesresearch_0748__mat__mat_3_amorphous_cu_ttcSingle Crystal · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkSingle monolith mounted on microelectrodes for impedance screening.quartz chip with Au microelectrodes · edge length ca. 130 um; electrode gap 80 umS6 · Additional AC impedance data · Figure S5
Computational model of compound 1research_0748__mat__mat_1_cucl_ttcH3Model · Model System · ModelCrystalline system model for DFT.S15 · DFT calculations · Figure S14
Computational local model of compound 3research_0748__mat__mat_3_amorphous_cu_ttcModel · Model System · ModelLocally ordered PDF-refined model for DFT.S15 · DFT calculations · Figure S14