Primary studyPeripheral evidenceEnergy Storage

One-Dimensional π-d Conjugated Conductive Metal-Organic Framework with Dual Redox-Active Sites for High-Capacity and Durable Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc Batteries

Sang Z., Liu J., Zhang X. et al. · ACS Nano · 2023 · 3077-3087

4materials
8samples
4synthesis routes
25measurements
85results
6claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: Medium

Cu-BTA-H shows chemically induced self-charging after discharge, attributed to spontaneous oxidation of discharged species by dissolved oxygen in alkaline electrolyte.

Caveat: Self-charging mechanism is inferred from rest tests and ex situ XPS after oxidation, not direct oxygen-consumption quantification.

3083-3084 · Results and Discussion · Figure 5 · Linked to 5 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: High

The paper describes Cu-BTA/Ni-BTA as conductive c-MOFs and uses EPR, DFT gaps, EIS and GITT to support fast electron/ion transport, but it does not report a first-hand bulk or film electrical conductivity value for these samples.

Caveat: A general literature conductivity range for c-MOFs (0.1-1000 S cm^-1) appears in the introduction but is not a measured result for this work.

3078,3081 · Introduction; Results and Discussion · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

Higher crystallinity in Cu-BTA-H improves electronic/ionic transport and cycling stability relative to low-crystallinity Cu-BTA-L.

Caveat: No direct electronic conductivity measurement is reported; transport evidence comes from EIS/GITT and DFT band-gap calculations.

3080-3081 · Results and Discussion · Figures 2, S9, S10 · Linked to 8 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

Nanosized particles and mesopores in Cu-BTA-H and Ni-BTA-H facilitate ion diffusion in the cathodes.

Caveat: Porosity is from powder N2 sorption; diffusion coefficients are order-of-magnitude GITT estimates on composite electrodes.

3079 · Results and Discussion · Figure S2 · Linked to 6 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

DFT binding-energy calculations support higher Zn uptake and theoretical capacity for Cu-BTA than Ni-BTA.

Caveat: DFT models are finite molecular chain fragments, not full periodic solvated electrodes.

3083 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4d,e; Figures S15-S17 · Linked to 6 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Cu-BTA-H stores Zn2+ through dual redox-active sites: Cu2+/Cu+ metal-node redox plus C=N/C-N ligand redox, giving higher capacity than Ni-BTA-H.

Caveat: Mechanistic assignments rely on CV peak interpretation and ex situ spectroscopy; no in situ structural refinement is reported.

3077,3082 · Abstract; Results and Discussion · Figures 2 and 3 · Linked to 6 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Cu-BTACu-BTA; exact empirical formula not reportedCu ions in mixed Cu2+/Cu+ states coordinated to deprotonated BTA nitrogen sites · 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine (BTA, introduced as BTA.4HCl)1D · PristineOne-dimensional pi-pi/pi-d conjugated conductive metal-organic framework chain; BTA ligands coordinate Cu2+ ions in a square planar manner, forming M-NH-C coordination and C=N/C-N redox sites.3079 · Results and Discussion · Figure 1a,b
Cu-BTA polymeric chain modelCu2-BTA / Cu2Znx-BTA model clustersCu nodes in relaxed DFT model · BTA repeating units1D · Model SystemDFT model of Cu-BTA polymeric chains with repeating units n = 1-7 and Zn-intercalated Cu2Znx-BTA configurations.3082-3084 · Computational Details · Figure 4
Ni-BTANi-BTA; exact empirical formula not reportedNi2+ ions coordinated to BTA nitrogen sites · 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine (BTA, introduced as BTA.4HCl)1D · PristineHigh-crystallinity BTA-based conductive MOF analogue with rod-like morphology and redox-inert Ni2+ centre; used as a single-mechanism Zn2+ storage control.3079 · Results and Discussion · Figure 1
Ni-BTA polymeric chain modelNi2-BTA / Ni2Znx-BTA model clustersNi nodes in relaxed DFT model · BTA repeating units1D · Model SystemDFT model of Ni-BTA polymeric chains with repeating units n = 1-7 and Zn-intercalated Ni2Znx-BTA configurations.3082-3084 · Computational Details · Figure 4

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 8 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Cu-BTA DFT polymeric chain modelresearch_0773__mat__mat_cu_bta_modelModel · Model System · ModelGaussian 09 B3LYP/6-31g relaxed molecular model; MESP analysed by Multiwfn and visualised in VMD.repeating units n = 1-7; Cu2Znx-BTA for Zn uptake3084 · Computational Details · Figure 4
Cu-BTA-H composite cathode nanosheetresearch_0773__mat__mat_cu_btaElectrode · Composite Sample · CompositeCu-BTA-H powder mixed with Ketjen Black and PTFE dispersion in a 7:2:1 weight ratio.CR2032 coin cell cathode; zinc foil anode · mass loading approximately 1.5 mg cm^-23084 · Electrochemical Measurement
Cu-BTA-H powderresearch_0773__mat__mat_cu_btaPowder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkHigh-crystallinity Cu-BTA prepared by mild water-bath treatment at 60 deg C for 12 h after room-temperature mixing.3079,3084 · Results and Discussion; Experimental Section · Figure 1
Cu-BTA-L composite cathode nanosheetresearch_0773__mat__mat_cu_btaElectrode · Composite Sample · CompositeCu-BTA-L powder mixed with conductive carbon and PTFE using the same cathode recipe used for analogues.CR2032 coin cell cathode; zinc foil anode · mass loading approximately 1.5 mg cm^-2 assumed from shared cathode method3084 · Electrochemical Measurement · Figure 2; Figure S8
Cu-BTA-L powderresearch_0773__mat__mat_cu_btaPowder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkLow-crystallinity Cu-BTA analogue prepared at room temperature without water-bath ageing.3079,3084 · Results and Discussion; Experimental Section · Figure 1; Figure S1
Ni-BTA DFT polymeric chain modelresearch_0773__mat__mat_ni_bta_modelModel · Model System · ModelGaussian 09 B3LYP/6-31g relaxed molecular model; MESP analysed by Multiwfn and visualised in VMD.repeating units n = 1-7; Ni2Znx-BTA for Zn uptake3084 · Computational Details · Figure 4
Ni-BTA-H composite cathode nanosheetresearch_0773__mat__mat_ni_btaElectrode · Composite Sample · CompositeNi-BTA-H powder mixed with Ketjen Black and PTFE dispersion in a 7:2:1 weight ratio.CR2032 coin cell cathode; zinc foil anode · mass loading approximately 1.5 mg cm^-23084 · Electrochemical Measurement
Ni-BTA-H powderresearch_0773__mat__mat_ni_btaPowder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkHigh-crystallinity Ni-BTA analogue prepared by coordinating BTA.4HCl with NiCl2.6H2O in ammonia at room temperature.3079,3084 · Results and Discussion; Experimental Section · Figure 1; Figure S1