Primary studyPeripheral evidenceEnergy Storage

Conductive metal-organic frameworks with wheel-shaped metallomacrocycle subunits as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

Yan Y., Lin X., Ge J. et al. · Chemical Engineering Journal · 2023 · 143739

4materials
11samples
4synthesis routes
15measurements
53results
7claims and caveats

Evidence map

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Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: Medium

Within the Co/xNi series, increasing Ni doping improves two-electrode supercapacitor performance while retaining similar PXRD structure and acceptable cycling stability.

Caveat: Additional Co/xNi ratios lacked single-crystal structures and Fig. 7 values are graphical estimates.

9 · Discussion · Fig. 7 · Linked to 4 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: Medium

MWM-1(Co/2Ni) is not intrinsically stable in alkaline environments and can decompose into H2mba and Ni(OH)2 unless reversible electrochemical reactions intervene under an electric field.

Caveat: The paper discusses this as a mechanistic interpretation during device operation.

8 · Section 3.2 · Fig. 6 · Linked to 2 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: Medium

Coordinated and uncoordinated solvent/water molecules occupy through holes, reduce BET area and likely limit double-layer and pseudocapacitive contributions.

Caveat: TGA could not distinguish water from ethanol in the void holes.

5 · Section 3.1 · Supplementary Fig. S6-S8 · Linked to 4 structured results

Phase AssignmentSupport assessment: High

MWM-1(Co/2Ni) has the same overall structure as MWM-1(Co), apart from Co(III)/Co(II) sites substituted by Ni(III)/Ni(II).

Caveat: Exact Co(III):Ni(III) and Co(II):Ni(II) ratios could not be experimentally distinguished; refinement assumed 1:1 for both valence classes.

4 · Section 3.1 · Fig. 1; Table S1 · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

Wheel-shaped metallomacrocycle subunits arranged along the c-axis form through holes that facilitate ion/charge migration and support supercapacitor electrode performance.

Caveat: BET area is very low because water/solvent molecules occupy pores; the through-hole contribution is inferred from structure and performance rather than isolated experimentally.

5 · Section 3.1 · Fig. 2 · Linked to 4 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Ni substitution in the MWM-1(Co) metallomacrocyclic backbone changes the electronic structure and makes MWM-1(Co/2Ni) semiconducting while retaining the parent framework structure.

Caveat: Conductivity remains lower than reported 2D conductive MOFs.

1, 7 · Abstract; Section 3.2 · Fig. 5a · Linked to 4 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

The mononuclear water-coordinated Ni/Co sites [Ni3(H2O)2]2+/[Co3(H2O)2]2+ are proposed as redox-active sites in alkaline supercapacitor operation.

Caveat: Mechanism is described as preliminary by the authors.

8 · Section 3.2 · Fig. 6 · Linked to 3 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
MWM-1 (Co)[Co(III)3Co(II)2(mba)6(Hdtba)(H2O)4]n; also written [Co5(mba)6(Hdtba)(H2O)4]nmixed-valence cobalt nodes; trinuclear Co(III) clusters and mononuclear Co(II) nodes · mba = 2-mercaptobenzoic acid divalent anion; Hdtba = 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid monovalent anion3D · Pristinewheel-shaped metallomacrocyclic subunits connected into an infinite three-dimensional MOF; non-conductive parent/control structure1-2 · Abstract; Introduction
MWM-1 (Co/2Ni)[Co(III)3Ni(III)3Co(II)2Ni(II)2(mba)12(Hdtba)2(H2O)8]n; SI crystal formula C112H82Co5Ni5O40S16Co(III)/Ni(III) trinuclear cluster units plus mononuclear Co(II) and Ni(II) coordination units · mba = 2-mercaptobenzoic acid divalent anion; Hdtba = 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid monovalent anion3D · Pristinesingle-crystal structure resolved as a Ni-substituted analogue of MWM-1(Co), trigonal R3c, with wheel-shaped heterometallic metallomacrocycle subunits and through holes along the c-axis1, 4-5 · Abstract; Results 3.1 · Fig. 1; Fig. 2; Table S1
MWM-1 (Co/xNi) seriesnot fully determined; Ni-doped MWM-1(Co) series made by varying CoCl2.6H2O:NiCl2.6H2O ratiosvariable Co/Ni mixed-metal nodes · mba/Hdtba derived from H2mba under alkaline solvothermal conditions3D · PristinePXRD indicates structures similar to MWM-1(Co), but no additional single crystals were obtained for the series3, 9 · Section 2.4.3; Discussion · Fig. 7
Nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NDC)N-doped porous carbon with residual trace zincnone; carbon electrode material · derived from bptp precursorunknown · Derivednon-MOF positive electrode material used in asymmetric supercapacitor devices3 · Section 2.4.4

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 11 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
NDC//MWM-1 (Co/2Ni) asymmetric supercapacitorresearch_0794__mat__mwm1_co2niElectrode · Composite Sample · CompositeNDC positive electrode, MWM-1(Co/2Ni) negative electrode, cellulose cloth separator and 6 M KOH electrolyteCR2035 button battery; cellulose cloth diaphragm2, 7-8 · Section 2.3; Fig. 5 caption; Table 1 · Fig. 5d,e,h,i; Table 1
NDC//MWM-1 (Co/5Ni) asymmetric supercapacitorresearch_0794__mat__mwm1_coxni_seriesElectrode · Target Sample · Compositetwo-electrode asymmetric supercapacitor using the Co:Ni = 1:5 doped MOF variant as negative electrodeCR2035 button battery; cellulose cloth diaphragm9 · Discussion · Fig. 7
NDC//MWM-1 (Co) asymmetric supercapacitorresearch_0794__mat__mwm1_coElectrode · Pristine Control · CompositeNDC positive electrode, MWM-1(Co) negative electrode, cellulose cloth separator and 6 M KOH electrolyteCR2035 button battery; cellulose cloth diaphragm2, 7 · Section 2.3; Fig. 5 caption · Fig. 5h,i
MWM-1 (Co/2Ni) composite working electroderesearch_0794__mat__mwm1_co2niElectrode · Target Sample · Composite80 wt% active material, 10 wt% acetylene black and 10 wt% PTFE in ethanol; coated on Ni foam and dried 12 h at 60 C; loading about 2.5 mg cm-21 x 1 cm2 Ni foam2, 7 · Section 2.3; Fig. 5 caption · Fig. 5b,c,f,g
MWM-1 (Co/2Ni) conductivity pelletresearch_0794__mat__mwm1_co2niPellet · Target Sample · Mixed Metalcold-isostatically pressed pellet measured under vacuumevaporated Au contacts · 20-40 um3 · Section 2.5
MWM-1 (Co/2Ni) powder/crystalsresearch_0794__mat__mwm1_co2niPowder · Target Sample · Mixed Metalblack powder after washing with HCl, deionised water and anhydrous ethanol; dried at 100 C3-4 · Sections 2.4.2 and 3.1 · Fig. 1
MWM-1 (Co) composite working electroderesearch_0794__mat__mwm1_coElectrode · Pristine Control · Composite80 wt% active material, 10 wt% acetylene black and 10 wt% PTFE in ethanol; coated on Ni foam and dried 12 h at 60 C; loading about 2.5 mg cm-21 x 1 cm2 Ni foam2 · Section 2.3
MWM-1 (Co) conductivity pelletresearch_0794__mat__mwm1_coPellet · Pristine Control · Pristine Frameworkcold-isostatically pressed pellet measured under vacuumevaporated Au contacts · 20-40 um3 · Section 2.5 · Fig. 5a
MWM-1 (Co) powder/crystalsresearch_0794__mat__mwm1_coPowder · Pristine Control · Pristine Frameworkblack powder after washing with dilute HCl, deionised water and anhydrous ethanol; dried at 90 C3 · Section 2.4.1
MWM-1 (Co/xNi) powder seriesresearch_0794__mat__mwm1_coxni_seriesPowder · Target Sample · Mixed Metalsame method as MWM-1(Co/2Ni) with varied CoCl2.6H2O:NiCl2.6H2O ratios; no single crystals for additional ratios3 · Section 2.4.3
Nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NDC) powderresearch_0794__mat__ndcPowder · Composite Component · Derived Carbonblack NDC product after carbonisation at 700 C under N2, acid/water/ethanol washing and drying at 80 C3 · Section 2.4.4