Sensing Application — Stacking growth of ionically conductive MOF on biofabrics enables reliable NH3 sensor for hepatic encephalopathy diagnosis

9 measurement groups · 28 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

Simulated and patient exhaled-gas NH3 testing

Zn-TCPP-6 sensor on alginate fabric · Thin Film

Healthy-person breath mixed with unknown NH3; four hepatic encephalopathy patients tested by collecting exhaled gas with gas sampling tape and injecting into gas-sensitive chamber.

Atmosphere: human exhaled gas
Geometry: flexible Zn-TCPP-6 sensor with multimeter/Bluetooth smartphone demonstration
Context: target composite sensor
Measurement source: p006-p009 · Potential application of Zn-TCPP-6 gas sensor; Test of exhaled gas · Figure 7

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Healthy exhaled NH3 range cited	0.625 to 1.8 ppm	—	—	Text Range	p001 · Introduction
Blood NH3 range in four HE patients	23 to 49 mM	—	—	Text Range	p007 · Potential application of Zn-TCPP-6 gas sensor · Figure 7d

PCA-assisted regression and kNN gas classification

Zn-TCPP-6 sensor on alginate fabric · Thin Film

Peak value, peak area and response time extracted from Figures S7 and S8; fivefold cross-validation with 192 test samples from 6 datasets.

Atmosphere: six target gases
Geometry: Zn-TCPP-6 sensor data processed by PCA, regression and kNN
Context: target composite sensor
Measurement source: p005-p006 · Gas type and concentration prediction · Figure 6; Figures S7-S9; Table S1

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
kNN gas identification accuracyMarked as a best value within this paper	prediction accuracy of 96%	0.96 fraction	—	Text Exact Reported	p006 · Gas type and concentration prediction · Figure 6d; Table S1
NH3 concentration prediction R2Marked as a best value within this paper	R2 of 98.4%	0.984 fraction	—	Text Exact Reported	p005 · Gas type and concentration prediction · Figure 6b
kNN model performance metrics	Balanced Accuracy 0.9583; Macro Precision 0.9667; Macro Recall 0.9583; Macro F1 Score 0.9577; Accuracy 0.9583	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p006 · Gas type and concentration prediction · Figure S9
Variance captured by first two PCA components	85% total variance (PC1: 65%, PC2: 20%)	0.85 fraction	—	Text Exact Reported	p006 · Gas type and concentration prediction · Figure 6c

Room-temperature chemiresistive NH3 sensing

Zn-TCPP-6 sensor on alginate fabric · Thin Film

Various M-HHTP-6 and M-TCPP-6 sensors exposed to 1 ppm NH3 at 25 C.

Temperature: 298
Atmosphere: air with NH3 analyte
Geometry: MOF film sensors screen-printed with Ag fork finger electrodes; 3 V bias
Context: Biofabric-supported MOF comparison series
Measurement source: p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3a

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Cu-TCPP-6 response to 1 ppm NH3	about 1.7 R0/Rg	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p005 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3a
Ni-TCPP-6 response to 1 ppm NH3	about 1.4 R0/Rg	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p005 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3a
Zn-HHTP-6 response to 1 ppm NH3	about 6.1 R0/Rg	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p005 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3a
Zn-TCPP-6 response to 1 ppm NH3Marked as a best value within this paper	R0/Rg = 14.7 towards 1 ppm NH3	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3a

NH3 sensing comparison of LBL-LPE film and hydrothermal powder-film controls

Hydrothermal Zn-TCPP powder thin film · Thin Film

Zn-TCPP-6, Zn-HHTP-6, Zn-TCPP powder and Zn-HHTP powder exposed to 2 ppm NH3.

Temperature: 298
Atmosphere: air with NH3 analyte
Geometry: Ag electrode gas sensors
Context: powder-film pristine controls compared with LBL-LPE biofabric films
Measurement source: p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3b

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Sensitivity enhancement versus powder sampleMarked as a best value within this paper	sixfold sensitivity enhancement	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3b

NH3 response-concentration calibration and detection-limit calculation

Zn-TCPP-6 sensor on alginate fabric · Thin Film

Zn-TCPP-6 exposed to NH3 concentrations from 0.1 to 2.0 ppm; least-squares fit used for detection limit.

Temperature: 298
Atmosphere: air with NH3
Geometry: Ag electrode gas sensor
Context: target composite sensor
Measurement source: p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3e; Figure S4

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
NH3 calibration slope	slope = 59.75	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure S4; Eq. 1
NH3 detection limitMarked as a best value within this paper	DL = 36 ppb	0.036 ppm	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure S4; Eq. 1
Recovery time from 2 ppm NH3	46 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3f
Response time to 2 ppm NH3	117 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3f

Humidity, cycling and long-term stability tests

Zn-TCPP-6 sensor on alginate fabric · Thin Film

NH3 sensing under relative humidity variation; repeated 1 ppm NH3 cycles; stability over 6 weeks and batch variation over 90 days.

Temperature: 298
Atmosphere: air with NH3 and controlled humidity
Geometry: Ag electrode gas sensor
Context: target composite sensor
Measurement source: p004 · Performance of the Zn-TCPP-6 sensor · Figure 4a-c; Figure S5

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Batch response variability after 90 days	4.7%, 3.5%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 4.3%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · Performance of the Zn-TCPP-6 sensor · Figure S5
High-humidity limitation	>70% RH causes significant resistance reduction and possible false positives	—	—	Text Approximate	p004 · Performance of the Zn-TCPP-6 sensor · Figure 4a
Response retention after 6 weeksMarked as a best value within this paper	96.6% response retention over 6 weeks	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · Performance of the Zn-TCPP-6 sensor · Figure 4c

Layer-number dependent NH3 sensing

Zn-TCPP-6 sensor on alginate fabric · Thin Film

Zn-TCPP sensors with 2, 4, 6 and 8 sensing layers exposed to 1 ppm NH3.

Temperature: 298
Atmosphere: air with NH3
Geometry: Ag electrode gas sensors
Context: biofabric-supported Zn-TCPP layer series
Measurement source: p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Optimal layer numberMarked as a best value within this paper	6-layer Zn-TCPP-6 sensor	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3d

Substrate adaptability and mechanical bending NH3 sensing

Zn-TCPP-6 sensor on alginate fabric · Thin Film

Zn-TCPP-6 sensors on alginate, cellulose and Dacron toward 2 ppm NH3; bending cycles and bending angles toward 1 ppm NH3.

Temperature: 298
Atmosphere: air with NH3
Geometry: flexible biofabric sensor
Context: target and substrate-variant composite sensors
Measurement source: p004 · Performance of the Zn-TCPP-6 sensor · Figure 4d-g

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Stable bending-cycle regime	Below 400 bending cycles, response remains stable (<4.1% variation)	—	<4.1% response variation	Text Rounded Reported	p004 · Performance of the Zn-TCPP-6 sensor · Figure 4f
Response degradation after 90 degree bending	decreasing by 19.7% after 90 degrees bending	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · Performance of the Zn-TCPP-6 sensor · Figure 4g
Response degradation after 1000 bending cycles	decreasing by 17.4% after 1000 cycles	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · Performance of the Zn-TCPP-6 sensor · Figure 4f
Substrate-adaptability response band	response magnitude: 101-110; response time: 111-120 s; recovery time: 46-50 s	—	—	Text Range	p004 · Performance of the Zn-TCPP-6 sensor · Figure 4d-e

Selectivity test against reducing gases and mixed gases

Zn-TCPP-6 sensor on alginate fabric · Thin Film

1 ppm gases: NH3, trimethylamine, ethanol, methanol, acetone, isopropanol, and mixtures.

Temperature: 298
Atmosphere: air with analyte vapours
Geometry: Ag electrode gas sensor
Context: target composite sensor
Measurement source: p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3g-h; Table S1

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
NH3 selectivity coefficientMarked as a best value within this paper	5.12	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3g
Table S1 NH3 response rangeMarked as a best value within this paper	R = 13.78-14.77 for eight 1.0 ppm NH3 entries	—	—	SI Table Range	S6 · Table S1 · Table S1
Table S1 alcohol/ketone response ranges	ethanol R = 1.56-1.63; methanol R = 1.31-1.47; acetone R = 1.56-1.69; isopropanol R = 1.08-1.29	—	—	SI Table Range	S6 · Table S1 · Table S1
Table S1 trimethylamine response range	R = 2.20-2.34 for eight 1.0 ppm trimethylamine entries	—	—	SI Table Range	S6 · Table S1 · Table S1
Highest interfering-gas response	~2.87 to trimethylamine	—	—	Text Approximate	p003 · Performance comparison of M-HHTP and M-TCPP · Figure 3g