Mengping Liang, Yingjie Liu, Shun Lu, Yang Wang, Chunrong Gao, Kai Fan, Hongying Liu · TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry · 2024
Summarise recent 2D conductive MOFs for environmental-pollutant electrochemical sensing, with emphasis on transport mechanisms, synthesis routes, sensor examples, practical challenges and outlook.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Frames environmental pollutant sensing, defines 2D c-MOFs as layered conductive porous materials, and motivates functionalised electrodes for sensitive, selective and stable electrochemical sensors.
Relevance: Core · 1 · Introduction
Highlights limited ligand scope, crystallinity retention, unclear active sites, conductivity-activity relationships, specificity, durability, consistency, mass production and early-stage environmental sensor maturity.
Relevance: Core · 6 · Challenges and outlooks
Identifies ligand/metal identity, functional groups, mixed valence ions, lattice geometry, stacking and layer arrangement as routes to tune conductivity.
Relevance: Core · 2 · Improved strategies
Figure and table section provides visual taxonomies of 2D MOF structures, conductive mechanisms, synthesis examples and concise sensor benchmark tables.
Relevance: Core · 7 · Figures and tables · Fig. 2
Surveys environmental-pollutant sensor cases for heavy metals, phenols, pesticides, N-containing compounds and VOCs, using Tables 4-6 for comparative sensor context.
Relevance: Supporting · 3 · 2D conductive MOFs-BASED sensors · Table 4
Classifies synthesis into bottom-up and top-down routes; discusses hydrothermal, solvothermal, vapour-assisted, liquid-liquid interfacial, sonication and ball-milling strategies.
Relevance: Core · 2 · Synthetic methods · Table 2; Table 3
Explains conductivity through carrier density and mobility, then distinguishes physical band-like and hopping mechanisms from chemical through-space and through-bond mechanisms.
Relevance: Core · 1 · Conductive mechanisms · Fig. 3
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
Figure 1 visually classifies representative 2D MOF structural motifs relevant to pore size, topology and charge transport.
Categories: non-porous · non-planar · square lattice · honeycomb lattice
6 · Figures and tables · Fig. 1
Bottom-up routes are organised by solvent/water conditions, vapour conversion and wet interfacial assembly, with examples in Table 3.
Categories: hydrothermal · solvothermal · vapour-assisted conversion · liquid-liquid interfacial reaction
14 · Figures and tables · Table 3
The review uses these analyte classes to organise the electrochemical and chemiresistive sensor examples.
Categories: heavy metal ions · phenolic compounds · pesticides · N-containing compounds · volatile organic compounds
1 · Abstract
Top-down reduces macroscopic materials to nanoscale sheets, while bottom-up assembles molecules or atoms into the target 2D framework.
Categories: top-down · bottom-up
2 · Synthetic methods · Table 2
Top-down approaches overcome weak interlayer interactions to obtain nanosheets, but can suffer reaggregation and restacking.
Categories: sonication · ball milling mechanical exfoliation
3 · Top-down methods
The review separates physical models, band-like and hopping, from chemical pathways, through-space and through-bond, and links them to temperature trends and structural features.
Categories: band-like · hopping · through-space · through-bond
1 · Conductive mechanisms · Fig. 3
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
Electroactive triphenylene catecholate 2D MOF thin films prepared by vapour-assisted conversion.
Conduction: Electroactive films benefit from controlled orientation and faceted growth.
Representative materials: Ni-CAT-1 · Co-CAT-1 · Cu-CAT-1 · M-CAT-1
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Co · Cu · HHTP · triphenylene catecholate
2 · Solvothermal method · Fig. 5; Table 3
Cu-based 2D d-pi conjugated MOFs assembled from oxygen-rich HHTP or HHTN-type linkers.
Conduction: Conductivity is linked to pi-d conjugation, ligand oxidation state, dense Cu sites and orbital overlap.
Representative materials: Cu3(HHTN)2 MOF · Cu3(HHTP)2 · Cu3(THQ)2
Nodes / linkers: Cu · HHTN · HHTP · THQ
2 · Hydrothermal method · Fig. 4; Table 3
Hexaaminobenzene-derived 2D MOFs formed from HAB linkers and Ni(II) or Cu(II) salts.
Conduction: Ni-HAB is reported by the review as more conductive than Cu-HAB and conductive enough for additive-free electrode design.
Representative materials: Ni-HAB · Cu-HAB
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · HAB
2 · Liquid-liquid interfacial reaction · Fig. 6; Table 3
2D conjugated frameworks using phthalocyanine or octaaminophthalocyanine building blocks.
Conduction: Reported as p-type semiconducting nanosheets or surface-modified conductive films depending on processing.
Representative materials: Ni2[CuPc(NH)8] · Ni2[MPc(NH)8] · Ni2[CuPc(NH)8]-OTMS
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · OAPcCu · phthalocyanine
3 · Ball milling mechanical exfoliation · Fig. 8; Table 3
NiTAA-MOF family based on macrocyclic MN4 coordination and Ni(II) tetraaza[14]annulene units.
Conduction: Iodine/partial oxidation increases conductivity and introduces paramagnetism in the cited example.
Representative materials: NiTAA-MOF
Nodes / linkers: Ni · HATP-derived tetraaza annulene
2 · Solvothermal method · Fig. 5; Table 3
Cu-based conductive 2D MOFs assembled from truxene linkers by liquid-liquid interfacial reaction.
Conduction: Shows semiconductor-like Arrhenius behaviour and high room-to-elevated-temperature conductivity in the review summary.
Representative materials: truxene Cu-cMOF
Nodes / linkers: Cu · truxene
2 · Liquid-liquid interfacial reaction · Fig. 6; Table 3
Leaf-like ZIF-L nanosheets combined with conductive carbon phases for pesticide sensing.
Conduction: Conductive graphene or carbon nanotubes amplify current and electron transfer in the sensor examples.
Representative materials: ERGO@ZIF-L · MWCNTs/ZIF-L
Nodes / linkers: Zn · imidazolate framework-L
5 · Detection of pesticides · Fig. 14; Table 4
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Mechanical stripping of bulk 2D c-MOF crystals into nanosheets, including salt-assisted milling and scalable bimetallic CAT synthesis.
Claimed effects: Generates nanosheets with high active-site exposure, rapid ion diffusion and processable films; also discussed for mass-production needs.
Controlling variables: milling frequency · salt assistant · precursor crystallinity · metal composition · water content
Representative materials: Ni2[CuPc(NH)8] · CoxNiy-CAT
Caveat: Mechanical processing must preserve conductivity, porosity and crystallinity for device relevance.
3 · Ball milling mechanical exfoliation · Fig. 8; Table 3
Direct assembly of metal nodes and ligands under water/solvent conditions to obtain layered conductive MOFs.
Claimed effects: Can tune framework formation, morphology, aspect ratio, surface area, thickness and conductivity.
Controlling variables: temperature · water/solvent composition · alkali/deprotonation conditions · oxidation state of ligands · metal/linker ratio
Representative materials: Cu3(HHTN)2 MOF · Cu3(HHTP)2
Caveat: Review notes that reaction-condition control can change products, but recipe-level details remain primary-study dependent.
2 · Hydrothermal method · Fig. 4; Table 3
Wet interface synthesis forms a thin film or layered 2D MOF at the boundary between immiscible phases or solutions.
Claimed effects: Often gives better structure, large surface area, porosity and stable coordination bonds compared with hydrothermal/solvothermal examples.
Controlling variables: organic/aqueous phase pairing · linker solubility · metal salt choice · exposure time · interfacial oxidation
Representative materials: truxene Cu-cMOF · FeTHT · CoTHT · Ni-HAB · Cu-HAB
Caveat: Interfacial products can be oxidation-sensitive, and long exposure or ligand oxidation may alter properties.
2 · Liquid-liquid interfacial reaction · Fig. 6; Table 3
Solvothermal synthesis directly forms 2D c-MOFs in mixed solvents; vapour-assisted conversion is presented as a related thin-film route.
Claimed effects: Produces conductive frameworks and can give oriented thin, faceted films under milder and more uniform conditions.
Controlling variables: solvent ratio · precursor solution composition · substrate · vapour source · reaction temperature
Representative materials: NiTAA-MOF · M-CAT-1 · Cu-CAT-1
Caveat: The review says a complete and reliable ligand-oxidation system has not yet been established.
2 · Solvothermal method
Top-down route that weakens interlayer interactions, sometimes assisted by surfactants or host-guest chemistry, to produce nanosheets.
Claimed effects: Can produce ultrathin nanosheets while preserving porosity and conductivity.
Controlling variables: surfactant choice · sonication medium · interlayer interactions · precursor membrane or bulk crystal structure
Representative materials: HHB-Cu-NSs · HHB-Ni-NSs · Cu-MOF nanosheets · 2D-Zn
Caveat: Low stripping yield, reaggregation and restacking after exfoliation are explicit drawbacks.
3 · Sonication
Application-focused strategy of integrating 2D c-MOFs with biomolecules, AuNPs, graphene, MWCNTs, MIP layers or silane surface groups.
Claimed effects: Enhances electron transfer, selectivity, enrichment, signal amplification or analyte specificity.
Controlling variables: recognition molecule · carbon additive · metal nanoparticle loading · surface functional group · electrode architecture
Representative materials: Co-MOF/DNB · Cu-MOF/Au · ERGO@ZIF-L · MWCNTs/ZIF-L · Ni2[CuPc(NH)8]-OTMS
Caveat: The review repeatedly frames these as sensor examples; quantitative claims should be checked against primary studies before ranking.
5 · Detection of N-containing compounds · Fig. 15; Table 4
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
Bimetallic 2D c-MOFs broaden sensor design choices and can improve phenol biosensor performance, though structural stability and limited detection capacity remain concerns.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Based on a selected NiZn-MOF example.
4 · Detection of phenol compounds
Bottom-up synthesis offers diverse reaction-condition control that can tune morphology and meet future synthesis needs.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Table 2 also states real-time monitoring and control of crystal growth are almost not allowed.
2 · Hydrothermal method
Composites with graphene, carbon nanotubes or Au nanoparticles are used to combine 2D MOF surface area and porosity with faster electron transfer and analyte enrichment.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Composite effects should be separated from intrinsic MOF transport in primary-data discussion.
5 · Detection of pesticides
Changing metal/linker species, functional groups, mixed-valence ions, lattice geometry and stacking provides routes to tune 2D c-MOF conductivity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review favours ligand/metal changes as more controllable, but actual effects are system-specific.
2 · Improved strategies
Copper-based c-MOFs are presented as useful electrocatalysts because dense copper sites and redox activity lower overpotential and support analyte electron transfer.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Specific to paraoxon/AChE examples in the review.
4 · Detection of pesticides
2D c-MOFs are layered metal-organic frameworks with pi-d conjugation or pi-pi stacking, conductive pathways and porosity that make them attractive sensing materials.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: This is the review authors' framing, not a universal boundary for all MOFs.
1 · Introduction
The review concludes that environmental-pollutant electrochemical sensors based on 2D c-MOFs are still at an early stage despite rapid progress.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The optimism is review-level outlook and should be balanced with durability and selectivity caveats.
6 · Conclusion
The review argues that liquid-liquid interfacial synthesis usually gives better structure, porosity and stable coordination bonds than hydrothermal or solvothermal examples.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: This is a broad methodological comparison rather than a controlled meta-analysis.
2 · Liquid-liquid interfacial reaction
Intrinsic conductivity in 2D c-MOFs is mainly influenced by in-plane through-bond or extended conjugation and through-space channels from pi-pi stacking or weak metal-metal interactions.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Grain boundaries and defects are also acknowledged as possible migration paths.
2 · Chemical model
Ligand oxidation can change both morphology and conductivity in Cu catecholate 2D c-MOFs.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review says a complete, reliable reference system for ligand oxidation is not yet established.
2 · Hydrothermal method
The review classifies 2D c-MOF conductivity into band-like, hopping, through-space and through-bond mechanisms.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Mechanisms can overlap in real samples with defects and grain boundaries.
1 · Conductive mechanisms · Fig. 3
When a MOF is integrated into a sensor, the review says charge transport is generally based on redox reactions, with ligands and metal nodes acting as electron donors or acceptors.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is sensor-context reasoning and may not describe intrinsic dry-film transport.
1 · Band theory
The review treats many MOFs as semiconductor-like for sensor design because their band gaps sit between conductors and insulators.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The statement is broad and should not replace material-specific transport measurements.
1 · Band theory
The review distinguishes band-like and hopping behaviour partly by temperature response: hopping mobility improves with thermal excitation, while phonon scattering can reduce band-like mobility.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The text contains a likely wording error saying bond-like where band-like is meant; use as qualitative guidance only.
1 · Physical model
For Yb-MOF ECL sensing, the review attributes better performance of thinner 2D MOFs to larger specific surface area and increased exposure of luminophores.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The same paragraph cautions that thinner structures may be harder to stabilise.
4 · Detection of phenol compounds
Top-down exfoliation can achieve thin nanosheets while preserving conductivity and porosity, but low yield and post-stripping reaggregation are major problems.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Use this as a processing caveat in Chapter 1 rather than a quantitative comparison.
14 · Figures and tables · Table 2
For VOC chemiresistors, surface functionalisation and framework/metal-centre selection control analyte response and class selectivity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review explicitly says the structure-response relationship remains a key unresolved issue.
5 · Detection of volatile organic compounds
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SecondaryCo-MOF self-powered sensor | atrazine detection limit | 0.68 pM; linear range 1 pM-100 nM | ITO/G/MOF anode and G/MIP cathode; table summary Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 4 |
| SecondaryCo-MOF / TCPP / BPY sensor | Hg2+ detection limit | 0.1 pM; linear range 0.1 pM-10 nM | DNB/2D-MOF electrochemical biosensor; table summary Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 4 |
| SecondaryCu3(THQ)2 / AChE biosensor | paraoxon detection limit | 0.37 ng/mL; linear range 1-1000 ng/mL | GC/Cu3(THQ)2/AChE biosensor; table summary Table · Exact Reported | research_0810 | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 4 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTN)2 MOF | room-temperature volumetric conductivity | 9.55 x 10-10 S cm-1 | room temperature, two-point method; undoped as summarised by review Text · Exact Reported | research_0022 | 2 · Hydrothermal method |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 | conductivity order after ligand pre-oxidation control | 10-3 to 10-2 S cm-1 orders of magnitude | materials from quinone-based/pre-oxidation Cu3(HHTP)2 synthesis Text · Range | research_0280 | 2 · Hydrothermal method |
| SecondaryCu-MOF/Au | nitrite detection limit | 82 nM; linear ranges 0.1-4000 uM and 4-10 mM | Au electrodeposited on Cu-MOF/GCE; table/text summary Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 5 · Detection of N-containing compounds |
| Secondary2D Cu-MOF nanosheets | Cu2+ detection limit | 10-11 M; linear range 10-11-3.9 x 10-6 M | Cu(II) electrochemical sensor; table summary Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 4 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 / Cu3(HITP)2 / Ni3(HIDP)2 sensor array | VOC classification accuracy | 92% classification accuracy | linear discriminant analysis of chemiresistive responses to VOC classes Text · Exact Reported | research_0145 | 5 · Detection of volatile organic compounds |
| SecondaryNi2[CuPc(NH)8] nanosheets | nanosheet conductivity | 10-2 S cm-1 | NaCl-assisted ball-milled nanosheets; average thickness 7 nm Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 3 · Ball milling mechanical exfoliation |
| Secondaryiodine-doped NiTAA-MOF | bulk compressed conductivity | 10-2 S cm-1 at 300 K | bulk compressed iodine-doped sample, 300 K Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 2 · Solvothermal method |
| SecondaryNiZn-MOF tyrosinase biosensor | phenol detection limit | 6.5 nM; linear range 0.08-58.2 uM | Tyr-NiZn-MOF-Chi/GC phenol biosensor; table summary Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 4 |
| SecondaryNi2[CuPc(NH)8]-OTMS | methanol chemiresistor response/recovery time | response time 36; recovery time 13 | time to 90% saturation and time to 10% saturation for methanol response after OTMS modification Text · Uncertain | No verified corpus mapping | 5 · Detection of volatile organic compounds |
| Secondarytruxene Cu-cMOF | bulk conductivity versus temperature | 0.29 S cm-1 (5 C) to 1.18 S cm-1 (80 C); activation energy 0.14 eV | 5-80 C Arrhenius behaviour Text · Range | research_0291 | 2 · Liquid-liquid interfacial reaction |
| Secondarytruxene-Cu cMOFs | paraquat detection limit | 0.041 uM; linear range 0.2-5 uM | truxene-Cu cMOF modified GC electrode; table summary Table · Exact Reported | research_0291 | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 4 |
| SecondaryERGO@ZIF-L nanosheets | benomyl detection limit | 3.0 nM; linear range 0.009-10.0 uM | ERGO@ZIF-L/GCE; table summary Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 4 |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
The review calls for clarification of real redox active sites and reaction mechanisms.
Proposed direction: Combine in situ/operando electrochemical methods with structural probes to identify active sites.
6 · Challenges and outlooks
The relationship between 2D c-MOF conductivity and electroanalytical activity remains insufficiently studied.
Proposed direction: Separate intrinsic film conductivity, charge-transfer resistance and sensor response in comparative studies.
6 · Challenges and outlooks
Maintaining crystallinity during electroanalytical operation remains difficult.
Proposed direction: Study structural degradation during repeated electrochemical cycling and under realistic matrices.
6 · Challenges and outlooks
Durability during repeated use and consistency under varying environmental conditions are unresolved barriers.
Proposed direction: Standardise deposition methods and test response drift, electrode adhesion and environmental robustness.
6 · Challenges and outlooks
Most research focuses on five pollutant classes; sensors for emerging pollutants are rare.
Proposed direction: Extend 2D c-MOF sensor design beyond heavy metals, phenols, pesticides, N-containing compounds and VOCs.
6 · Conclusion
The review identifies limited organic ligands for constructing 2D c-MOFs as a central challenge.
Proposed direction: Develop broader ligand families that preserve conjugation, porosity and electrochemical stability.
6 · Challenges and outlooks
Commercial-scale production while maintaining electroanalytical activity and consistency is a significant challenge.
Proposed direction: Develop cost-effective scalable synthesis and deposition workflows for conductive MOF sensors.
6 · Challenges and outlooks
Improving sensitivity without compromising specificity is presented as a challenge for practical sensing.
Proposed direction: Use structural design of pore size, active sites and specific surface area to tune selective analyte access.
6 · Challenges and outlooks
For VOC sensing, the review says how MOF structural changes cause observed chemiresistance responses remains a key issue.
Proposed direction: Correlate metal-centre identity, surface functionalisation, swelling resistance and Schottky-barrier effects with response patterns.
5 · Detection of volatile organic compounds
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 252020 | Electrically Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00766 | definition_scope · conductive_mof_review_contextUsed by the review to define 2D c-MOFs as pi-d conjugated or pi-pi stacked layered frameworks with redox non-innocent ligands and transition-metal nodes. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 332021 | Two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs): chemistry and function for MOFtronics10.1039/d0cs01160 | transport_mechanism_review_contextCited for the four-part classification of 2D c-MOF conductive mechanisms into band-like, hopping, through-space and through-bond pathways. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 432021 | Two-dimensional d-pi conjugated metal-organic framework based on hexahydroxytrinaphthylene10.1007/s12274-020-2874-x | synthesis_example · transport_benchmarkHydrothermal Cu3(HHTN)2 example used to show isoreticular 2D d-pi MOF synthesis and iodine-doping-enhanced conductivity. | research_0022 |
| Ref. 442022 | Oxidative control over the morphology of Cu3(HHTP)2, a 2D conductive metal-organic framework10.1039/d2sc03648g | synthesis_example · structure_property_link · transport_benchmarkUsed to illustrate ligand pre-oxidation as a morphology-control lever for Cu3(HHTP)2 and structural homologues. | research_0280 |
| Ref. 542019 | Partial Oxidation-Induced Electrical Conductivity and Paramagnetism in a Ni(II) Tetraaza[14]annulene-Linked Metal Organic Framework10.1021/jacs.9b08601 | synthesis_example · transport_benchmarkSolvothermal NiTAA-MOF example used to connect partial oxidation with increased electrical conductivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 552019 | Oriented Thin Films of Electroactive Triphenylene Catecholate-Based Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks10.1021/acsnano.9b01137 | thin_film_synthesis · synthesis_exampleUsed for vapour-assisted conversion as a bottom-up route to oriented M-CAT-1 thin films. | research_0137 |
| Ref. 602020 | Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on Truxene10.1021/acsami.9b23416 | synthesis_example · transport_benchmark · sensor_benchmarkLiquid-liquid interfacial truxene Cu-cMOF example used for conductivity-temperature behaviour and paraquat sensing. | research_0291 |
| Ref. 642018 | Robust and conductive two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks with exceptionally high volumetric and areal capacitance10.1038/s41560-017-0044-5 | material_family · transport_contextHAB-derived 2D MOFs are discussed as liquid-interface products with eclipsed stacking and electrode-design-relevant conductivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 652020 | Ultrathin two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic framework single-crystalline nanosheets enabled by surfactant-assisted synthesis10.1039/d0sc01408g | synthesis_example · nanosheet_morphologySurfactant-assisted sonication example used to show suppression of layer stacking and formation of ultrathin nanosheets. | research_0043 |
| Ref. 682020 | Phthalocyanine-Based 2D Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for High-Performance Micro-Supercapacitors10.1002/adfm.202002664 | synthesis_example · transport_benchmark · thin_film_processingBall-milled phthalocyanine 2D c-MOF nanosheets are used as a top-down example with p-type semiconductor behaviour. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 782021 | Exploitation of 2D Cu-MOF nanosheets as a unique electroactive material for ultrasensitive Cu (II) ion estimation in various real samples10.1016/j.aca.2021.338924 | sensor_benchmark · heavy_metal_detectionCu-MOF nanosheet sensor case for Cu(II) detection, adsorption in mesoporous cavities and agreement with ICP in real samples. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 832020 | Encapsulation and Release of Recognition Probes Based on a Rigid Three-Dimensional DNA Nanosafe-box for Construction of a Electrochemical Biosensor10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03627 | sensor_benchmark · heavy_metal_detection · bioconjugationHg(II) detection case combining DNA nanosafe-box recognition with electroactive Co-containing 2D MOF nanosheets. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 892020 | Promotion effect of Zn on 2D bimetallic NiZn metal organic framework nanosheets for tyrosinase immobilization and ultrasensitive detection of phenol10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.062 | sensor_benchmark · phenol_detection · bimetallic_mofBimetallic NiZn-MOF phenol biosensor used to argue that bimetal construction can broaden design options despite stability and capacity caveats. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 942021 | An ultrathin 2D Yb(III) metal-organic frameworks with strong electrochemiluminescence as a on-off-on platform for detection of picric acid and berberine chloride form10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122625 | sensor_benchmark · phenolic_compound_detection · thickness_effectYb-MOF ECL sensor case used to connect ultrathin morphology, surface area and stronger ECL performance. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 952022 | Dense Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks as Robust Electrocatalysts for Biosensing10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03766 | sensor_benchmark · pesticide_detection · electrocatalysisDense conductive Cu-based MOF biosensor case for AChE-mediated paraoxon detection at lower response potential. | research_0810 |
| Ref. 962023 | Glucose oxidase-like Co-MOF nanozyme-catalyzed self-powered sensor for sensitive detection of trace atrazine in complex environments10.1016/j.aca.2023.341817 | sensor_benchmark · pesticide_detection · self_powered_sensorSelf-powered atrazine sensor case showing Co-MOF nanoenzyme function and MIP recognition in environmental water. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 972022 | 2D Leaf-Like Structured ZIF-L Embedded Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as an Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Sensitively Detecting Benomyl10.3390/molecules27206857 | sensor_benchmark · pesticide_detection · composite_electrodeBenomyl sensor case using ERGO@ZIF-L to combine binding-site enrichment with amplified current from conductive graphene. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 992019 | Electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles on Cu-based metal-organic framework for the electrochemical detection of nitrite10.1016/j.snb.2018.10.036 | sensor_benchmark · nitrite_detection · composite_electrodeNitrite detection example where Au nanoparticles on Cu-MOF accelerate electron transfer and improve catalytic oxidation response. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1022021 | Surface-Modified Phthalocyanine-Based Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework Films for Polarity-Selective Chemiresistive Sensing10.1002/anie.202104461 | chemiresistive_sensing · thin_film_surface_modification · voc_detectionSurface-modified phthalocyanine 2D c-MOF film case for polarity-selective methanol sensing and surface chemistry control. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1032015 | Chemiresistive Sensor Arrays from Conductive 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks10.1021/jacs.5b09600 | chemiresistive_sensing · voc_detection · sensor_arrayConductive 2D MOF sensor array case for VOC class discrimination and comparison of metal-centre effects. | research_0145 |