3 2D conductive MOFs
15283-15285Reviews why most MOFs are insulating and summarises three conductivity strategies: conjugated frameworks, conductive composites and guest incorporation.
Relevance: Core · 15283 · 3 2D conductive MOFs
Review · secondary evidenceReview
Two-dimensional metal-organic framework nanosheets: synthetic methodologies and electrocatalytic applications
Qinyuan Jiang, Chenhui Zhou, Haibing Meng, Ying Han, Xiaofei Shi, Chenhao Zhan and Rufan Zhang · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · 2020
6review sections
4material families
15review claims
17secondary benchmarks
26cited studies
8research gaps
Review scope
Summarises synthetic methodologies for 2D MOF nanosheets, design concepts for conductive 2D MOFs, 2D MOF-derived materials, and electrocatalytic applications.
- Coverage
- 2010–2020
- Category
- Review Thin Film Device
- Material scope
- 2D metal-organic framework nanosheets · 2D conductive MOFs · MOF-derived porous carbon nanosheets · MOF-derived metal/carbon, oxide, sulfide, selenide and phosphide nanosheets
- Transport scope
- Charge transfer in electrocatalysis · Electrical conductivity of 2D MOFs · Mass-transfer effects of 2D porous morphologies · Redox hopping in MOF films
- Application scope
- HER · OER · ORR · CO2 reduction · urea oxidation · glucose oxidation
- Explicit exclusions
- Full primary synthesis recipes · Non-electrocatalytic device performance except as context
- Source
- 15271 · Abstract
- Evidence role
- Context, taxonomy and secondary benchmarking
Section map
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
4 2D MOF derivatives
15286-15289Covers conversion of 2D MOFs into porous carbons, metal/carbon composites and inorganic nanosheets that often improve conductivity and stability while preserving 2D morphology.
Relevance: Supporting · 15286 · 4 2D MOF derivatives
5 2D-MOF-based electrocatalysts
15289-15296Summarises secondary HER, OER, ORR and other electrocatalytic benchmarks for 2D MOFs and their derivatives, mainly as comparative context.
Relevance: Supporting · 15291 · 5 2D-MOF-based electrocatalysts · Table 3
1 Introduction
15271-15273Frames electrocatalysis as coupled diffusion, adsorption, electrode reaction and charge transfer, then motivates 2D MOFs as a way to expose active sites and shorten mass/charge transport pathways.
Relevance: Core · 15272 · 1 Introduction
6 Summary and perspectives
15297-15298Distils review-level consensus on why 2D MOFs can be active electrocatalysts and identifies morphology, conductivity and stability as unresolved issues.
Relevance: Core · 15297 · 6 Summary and perspectives
2 Synthetic methodologies of 2D MOF nanosheets
15273-15282Organises 2D MOF preparation into top-down and bottom-up approaches and compares their morphological control, yield and structural constraints.
Relevance: Core · 15273 · 2 Synthetic methodologies of 2D MOF nanosheets · Fig. 1
Taxonomies
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
Growth-Control StrategyAuthor-proposed
Bottom-up nanosheet-growth routes
Bottom-up routes use solvent, surfactant, interface, ultrasound, template or modulator effects to suppress vertical growth and favour nanosheets.
Categories: Direct solvothermal synthesis · Surfactant-assisted synthesis · Interfacial synthesis · Sonochemical synthesis · Template-assisted synthesis · Modulator-assisted synthesis
15276 · 2.2 Bottom-up synthesis
Conductivity-Improvement MechanismAuthor-proposed
Conductive 2D MOF design concepts
The review separates intrinsic framework design from extrinsic composite and host-guest approaches for improving electrical transport.
Categories: 2D conjugated structure · Combination with conductive materials · Incorporation of guest molecules
15283 · 3 2D conductive MOFs
Post-Synthetic Conversion ProductAuthor-proposed
2D MOF-derived material classes
2D MOFs are treated as sacrificial templates or substrates that can be converted into conductive and porous derivative electrocatalysts.
Categories: Porous carbon nanosheets · Metal/carbon nanosheets · Metal oxide nanosheets · Metal sulfide nanosheets · Metal selenide nanosheets · Metal phosphide nanosheets
15272 · 1 Introduction
Reaction ClassAuthor-proposed
2D-MOF-based electrocatalytic applications
The review structures application evidence around water splitting, oxygen reduction and other electrochemical conversion/detection reactions.
Categories: HER · OER · ORR · CO2RR · UOR · GOR
15291 · 5 2D-MOF-based electrocatalysts · Table 3
Direction Of Nanosheet FormationAuthor-proposed
Top-down versus bottom-up 2D MOF synthesis
Top-down methods exfoliate layered precursors, while bottom-up methods restrict growth in the vertical direction during MOF formation.
Categories: Top-down exfoliation from layered bulk MOFs · Bottom-up anisotropic growth from metal ions and linkers
15272 · 1 Introduction · Fig. 1
Energy Or Intercalant Used To Separate Layered MOFsAuthor-proposed
Top-down exfoliation routes
The review groups top-down routes by the mechanism used to overcome weak interplanar interactions in layered MOFs.
Categories: Sonication exfoliation · Intercalation synthesis · Micromechanical exfoliation
15273 · 2.1 Top-down synthesis
Material families
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
2D MOF-derived electrocatalyst nanosheets
2D Nanosheet-Derived Porous Or Hierarchical ElectrocatalystsMaterials generated by converting 2D MOFs into carbonaceous, metal/carbon or inorganic nanosheets while using the MOF as a morphology and composition template.
Conduction: Conversion to carbon, oxides, chalcogenides or phosphides improves conductivity and can mitigate intrinsic MOF instability.
Representative materials: Co/N-CNSNs · Co3O4/C · Ni-Fe-Se cages · Mn-CoP · Co0.6-N/C-800
Nodes / linkers: Co · Ni · Fe · Mn · imidazolate · porphyrin · carboxylate
15272 · 1 Introduction
Conductive-material/MOF composites
MOF Plates, Films Or Nanosheets Integrated With Conductive PhasesMOFs combined with conductive supports or inclusions such as CNTs, graphene, metal nanocrystals or FTO to improve interfacial charge transfer.
Conduction: Conductive phases provide charge-collection pathways, interfacial contacts and sometimes redox hopping behaviour.
Representative materials: Hf12-CoDBP/CNT · Ag@Al-PMOF · CoPIZA/FTO · Pt-NC/Ni-MOF
Nodes / linkers: Hf · Al · Co · Ni · Pt · Ag · porphyrin · TCPP
15284 · 3.2 Combination with conductive materials
Pi-conjugated conductive 2D MOFs
2D Crystalline Or Film/Pellet Conductive Frameworks2D MOFs built from planar conjugated linkers and coordination environments that support in-plane electron delocalisation.
Conduction: Conductivity arises from extended pi-conjugation, metal-linker orbital overlap and, in some cases, redox-active centres.
Representative materials: nickel bis(dithiolene) · Ni3(HIB)2 · Cu3(HIB)2 · Cu-BHT · Ni3(HITP)2
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · benzenehexathiol · hexaaminobenzene · hexaiminobenzene · hexaiminotriphenylene
15283 · 3.1 Construction of a 2D conjugated structure
Layered exfoliable MOFs
Layered Bulk Precursors Exfoliated To Ultrathin 2D NanosheetsMOFs with weak interplanar interactions such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces or pi-pi stacking that can be separated into nanosheets.
Conduction: Transport is not the main emphasis; morphology is used to expose active sites and shorten diffusion paths.
Representative materials: [Cu2Br(IN)2]n · MOF-2 · Cd-TPA · MAMS-1
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Zn · Cd · Ni · isonicotinato · triptycene triacid · benzenedicarboxylate
15282 · 2.2 Bottom-up synthesis · Table 1
Synthesis strategies
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Conductive composite construction
Combines MOF nanosheets or films with CNTs, conductive substrates or metal nanocrystals to improve interfacial charge transfer.
Claimed effects: Improves electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic performance by reducing interfacial charge-transfer barriers.
Controlling variables: Conductive support · Interfacial bonding · MOF loading · Film/substrate contact
Representative materials: Hf12-CoDBP/CNT · Ag@Al-PMOF · CoPIZA/FTO
Caveat: Composite improvements do not necessarily prove intrinsic conductivity of the MOF itself.
15284 · 3.2 Combination with conductive materials
Conductive conjugated-framework design
Builds 2D MOFs from planar conjugated linkers and metal coordination environments that promote charge-carrier delocalisation.
Claimed effects: Increases carrier concentration and mobility, creating intrinsically conductive 2D MOFs.
Controlling variables: Organic linker planarity · Metal coordination geometry · Crystal structure · Metal-linker orbital overlap
Representative materials: nickel bis(dithiolene) · M3(HIB)2 · Cu-BHT · Ni3(HITP)2
Caveat: Review notes the library needs to expand and linker/metal diversity remains an opportunity.
15283 · 3.1 Construction of a 2D conjugated structure
Direct solvothermal synthesis
Tunes reaction conditions to change facet growth rates and suppress vertical growth, directly producing 2D MOF morphologies.
Claimed effects: Can provide 2D MOF nanosheets with controlled size, morphology and crystallinity, including hierarchical flower-like structures.
Controlling variables: Solvent formulation · Temperature · Reaction time · Metal ratio · Nucleation and crystal growth rates
Representative materials: Ni-M-MOF · Ni/Zn-MOF · PcCu-O8-M
Caveat: Not universally applicable; depends heavily on appropriate solvent and reaction-condition choices.
15277 · 2.2.1 Direct solvothermal synthesis
Interfacial synthesis
Uses liquid-liquid or liquid-solid interfaces to confine MOF growth and form nanosheets, monolayers or thin films.
Claimed effects: Produces large-area ultrathin flexible nanosheets and ordered monolayer films relevant to thin-film/device contexts.
Controlling variables: Liquid surface area · Interface type · Layer-by-layer transfer · Preferential crystal orientation
Representative materials: NAFS-13 · THTNi 2DSP · TATA-Co
Caveat: Large-scale production is likely limited by interface area and preferential orientation constraints.
15278 · 2.2.3 Interfacial synthesis
Micromechanical exfoliation
Uses external or internal mechanical forces, including tape-like methods or freeze-thaw shear, to peel nanosheets from bulk MOF crystals.
Claimed effects: Can yield high-quality, few-layer and large-lateral-size nanosheets.
Controlling variables: Mechanical force · Solvent volume change · Bulk crystal crystallinity · Layer interaction strength
Representative materials: MAMS-1
Caveat: High energy consumption is a barrier to mass production.
15276 · 2.1.3 Micromechanical exfoliation
Sonication exfoliation
Uses ultrasonic cavitation in suitable solvents to overcome weak interplanar forces in layered MOFs.
Claimed effects: Facile production of ultrathin 2D MOF nanosheets, but with solvent-dependent structure/morphology and risks of low yield and restacking.
Controlling variables: Solvent choice · Layered precursor structure · Interplanar interaction strength · Sonication conditions
Representative materials: [Cu2Br(IN)2]n · MOF-2 · Cd-TPA
Caveat: Low yield and restacking are explicitly flagged; only suitable when interlayer forces can be overcome.
15274 · 2.1.1 Sonication exfoliation
Template-assisted synthesis
Uses sacrificial or oriented substrates/templates to guide 2D MOF growth or to convert templates into 2D MOF architectures.
Claimed effects: Provides a route to otherwise difficult 2D MOF nanosheets and heterostructures, including self-supported electrodes.
Controlling variables: Template morphology · Oriented growth · Precursor-template conversion · Substrate composition
Representative materials: M-MNS · NiFe-MOF/NF · FDM-23
Caveat: Depends on suitable precursor/template design and can introduce composite or substrate effects.
15280 · 2.2.5 Template-assisted synthesis
Review claims
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
Consensus SummaryHigh supportStructure Property Link
Constructing 2D MOF structures is presented as a way to overcome bulk-MOF limitations by exposing enclosed active sites and reducing mass/charge transfer path lengths.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review also warns that stacked or partially exfoliated nanosheets can leave active sites inaccessible.
15272 · 1 Introduction
Author InterpretationHigh supportCaveat
The review highlights a gap between reported room-temperature alkaline/neutral tests and the acidic, elevated-temperature conditions relevant to PEM water electrolysers.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is especially important for interpreting OER claims in device contexts.
15297 · 6 Summary and perspectives
Author InterpretationHigh supportStructure Property Link
High surface area and densely distributed metal nodes are presented as reasons 2D MOFs can provide many open active sites and high apparent electrocatalytic activity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: If nanosheets are stacked, many sites may remain inaccessible.
15297 · 6 Summary and perspectives
Author InterpretationHigh supportSynthesis Strategy
Bottom-up synthesis can access 2D nanosheets from 3D frameworks with larger lateral size, controllable thickness and higher yield, but often involves more complex procedures.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The statement is comparative and general; individual systems may differ.
15283 · 2.2 Bottom-up synthesis
Consensus SummaryHigh supportTransport Mechanism
Conductive composites are interpreted as improving MOF electrocatalysis by enabling more efficient charge transfer across MOF/conductive-phase interfaces.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: This evidence often concerns composite systems rather than intrinsic MOF transport.
15284 · 3.2 Combination with conductive materials
Consensus SummaryHigh supportTransport Mechanism
Electrical conductivity is treated as essential for electrocatalysts because higher conductivity accelerates electrocatalytic processes and lowers charge-transfer barriers.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Conductivity alone is insufficient; morphology, active sites and stability also matter.
15283 · 3 2D conductive MOFs
Consensus SummaryHigh supportStructure Property Link
Constructing 2D conjugated frameworks is presented as an effective intrinsic route to metallic or high conductivity in pure-phase 2D MOFs.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review emphasises dependence on linker structure and coordination environment.
15283 · 3.1 Construction of a 2D conjugated structure
Author InterpretationHigh supportMaterial Comparison
The review argues that MOF-derived carbons, oxides, sulfides, selenides and phosphides can improve conductivity relative to pristine MOFs while retaining desirable 2D morphology.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Derivative performance should not be conflated with pristine MOF performance.
15272 · 1 Introduction
Author InterpretationHigh supportTransport Mechanism
The review frames electrocatalysis as a coupled process in which reactant diffusion, interfacial adsorption, electrode reaction and charge transfer all affect efficiency.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is a review-level conceptual framing, not a single primary measurement.
15271 · Abstract
Consensus SummaryHigh supportCaveat
Most MOFs are described as intrinsic insulators because organic linkers and coordination-bond connection modes impede charge transport.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Several planar conjugated MOFs are explicit exceptions.
15283 · 3 2D conductive MOFs
Author InterpretationHigh supportMeasurement Interpretation
Chronopotentiometry or chronoamperometry stability in OER does not necessarily prove structural stability of 2D MOFs.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Activity may remain stable even after irreversible structural change.
15297 · 6 Summary and perspectives
Author InterpretationMedium supportTransport Mechanism
Porous 2D MOF structures are interpreted as improving mass transfer and bringing apparent activity closer to intrinsic activity.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The review does not isolate mass transfer from conductivity or active-site effects for every benchmark.
15297 · 6 Summary and perspectives
DescriptiveMedium supportTransport Mechanism
The CoPIZA/FTO example is used to illustrate redox hopping as a charge-transfer mechanism in a MOF thin film on a conductive substrate.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The example is system-specific and measured under applied potentials.
15284 · 3.2 Combination with conductive materials · Fig. 12
SpeculativeMedium supportSynthesis Strategy
The authors propose theory-guided design to tune intermediate adsorption free energies, defects, strain and electronic structures for better 2D MOF electrocatalysts.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Forward-looking recommendation rather than established consensus across systems.
15297 · 6 Summary and perspectives
Author InterpretationHigh supportSynthesis Strategy
Top-down methods are appropriate for layered MOFs and can preserve the bulk crystal structure, but they suffer from limited material scope, poor thickness/morphology control and low yield.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The review does not quantify yield across all examples.
15282 · 2.2 Bottom-up synthesis · Table 1
Secondary benchmarks
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SecondaryCo0.6-N/C-800 | ORR half-wave potential | 0.825 V vs. RHE | 0.1 M KOH; solution-mediated method plus pyrolysis Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15291 · 5.3 ORR electrocatalysis · Table 3 |
| SecondaryCoPIZA/FTO | Electrical conductivity | 3.62 x 10-8 S cm-1 at room temperature | FTO-supported film; room temperature; EIS Table · Exact Reported | research_0375 | 15284 · 3 2D conductive MOFs · Table 2 |
| Secondary[Cu2Br(IN)2]n nanosheets | Thickness | 0.5 nm | Sonication exfoliation; Table 1 review summary Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15282 · 2 Synthetic methodologies · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu-BHT (film) | Electrical conductivity | 2500 S cm-1 at room temperature | Film; room temperature; four-probe method Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15284 · 3 2D conductive MOFs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryFeCo-MNS | OER Tafel slope | 21.6 mV dec-1 | 0.1 M KOH; template-assisted synthesis Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15291 · 5.2 OER electrocatalysis · Table 3 |
| SecondaryMAMS-1 | Thickness | ~4 nm | Micromechanical exfoliation; Table 1 review summary Table · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 15282 · 2 Synthetic methodologies · Table 1 |
| SecondaryNi3(HIB)2 (pellet) | Electrical conductivity | 8 S cm-1 at 300 K | Pellet; 300 K; Van der Pauw method Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15284 · 3 2D conductive MOFs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 (film) | Electrical conductivity | 40 S cm-1 at room temperature | Film; room temperature; Van der Pauw method Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15284 · 3 2D conductive MOFs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNi-Fe-MOF | OER overpotential | 221 mV at 10 mA cm-2 | 1 M KOH; direct solvothermal synthesis Table · Exact Reported | research_0422 | 15291 · 5.2 OER electrocatalysis · Table 3 |
| SecondaryNi-M-MOF | Thickness | 1.67-2.58 nm | Direct solvothermal synthesis; M = Fe, Al, Co, Mn, Zn, Cd Table · Range | research_0422 | 15282 · 2 Synthetic methodologies · Table 1 |
| SecondaryNickel bis(dithiolene) (microflake) | Electrical conductivity | 160 S cm-1 at 300 K | Microflake; 300 K; Van der Pauw method Table · Exact Reported | research_0361 | 15284 · 3 2D conductive MOFs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNickel bis(dithiolene) (pellet) | Electrical conductivity | 0.15 S cm-1 at 298 K | Pellet; 298 K; two-probe method Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15284 · 3 2D conductive MOFs · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNiCo-UMOFNs | Thickness | ~3.1 nm | Sonochemical synthesis; Table 1 review summary Table · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 15282 · 2 Synthetic methodologies · Table 1 |
| SecondaryNi/Zn-MOF | GOR sensitivity | 1192.64 microA mM-1 cm-2; detection limit 0.125 microM | Direct solvothermal synthesis; glucose oxidation reaction Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15291 · 5.4 Electrocatalysis of other reactions · Table 3 |
| SecondaryPcCu-O8-Co | ORR half-wave potential | 0.83 V vs. RHE | 0.1 M KOH; direct solvothermal synthesis Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15291 · 5.3 ORR electrocatalysis · Table 3 |
| SecondarySTPyP-Co | CO2RR CO selectivity | 96% CO selectivity; TON 4.21 s-1 | Surfactant-assisted synthesis; CO2RR; Table 3 review summary Table · Rounded Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15291 · 5.4 Electrocatalysis of other reactions · Table 3 |
| SecondaryTATA-Co | HER overpotential | 92 mV at 10 mA cm-2 | 0.5 M H2SO4; interfacial synthesis Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15291 · 5 2D-MOF-based electrocatalysts · Table 3 |
Research gaps
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
Device-relevant testing
HighMost 2D MOF electrocatalyst reports use alkaline or neutral media at room temperature, while acidic and elevated-temperature operation is rarely discussed.
Proposed direction: Test 2D MOF OER catalysts under PEMWE-relevant acidic and 50-84 C conditions.
15297 · 6 Summary and perspectives
Controlled morphology
HighControlled synthesis of 2D MOF nanosheets that are both ultrathin and large laterally remains challenging.
Proposed direction: Develop more sophisticated synthetic methodologies and morphology control strategies.
15271 · Abstract
Hierarchical transport design
MediumRational design and controlled synthesis of hierarchical 2D MOFs with broad pore-size distributions and interconnected networks remains challenging.
Proposed direction: Develop 2D MOFs pillared by 1D nanorods/nanotubes or other architectures that optimise surface area, active sites, mass transfer and charge transfer.
15297 · 6 Summary and perspectives
Electrical conductivity
HighExcept for several planar pi-conjugated MOFs, most MOFs are intrinsically insulating, creating charge-transfer resistance at the interface.
Proposed direction: Design conductive 2D MOFs through linker/coordination engineering and band-structure guidance.
15297 · 6 Summary and perspectives
Bottom-up mechanism
MediumModulator-assisted synthesis remains challenging because modulator choice and morphology regulation are not fully understood.
Proposed direction: Explore MOF nanocrystal crystallisation mechanisms and design more sophisticated routes.
15281 · 2.2.6 Modulator-assisted synthesis
Accessible active sites
HighStacked or partially exfoliated nanosheets can impede reactant diffusion and leave active sites inaccessible.
Proposed direction: Use advanced morphological design to prevent stacking and increase accessible surface/edge sites.
15297 · 6 Summary and perspectives
Stability under operating conditions
HighElectrochemical stability traces do not necessarily demonstrate structural stability of 2D MOFs during OER.
Proposed direction: Pair activity tests with structural characterisation before and after electrocatalysis.
15297 · 6 Summary and perspectives
Top-down synthesis limitations
MediumTop-down methods are limited to layered MOFs and often lack control over morphology/thickness while giving low nanosheet yield.
Proposed direction: Improve top-down efficiency and control or choose bottom-up routes when precursor structure is unsuitable.
15282 · 2.2 Bottom-up synthesis
Cited-study map
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
Show 26 cited-study records
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 262019 | Title unavailable | stability_caveat · oer_contextCited as an example of Fe/Co/Ni trimetal-organic framework nanostructures for water electrooxidation and later for irreversible structural change under OER. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 272019 | Title unavailable | synthesis_example · her_contextUsed for template-assisted graphene-grown MOF HER example and as a bulk-versus-2D comparison. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 302017 | Title unavailable | conductivity_context · charge_transfer_caveatCited in the review's statement that most bulk MOFs are intrinsic insulators causing high interfacial charge-transfer resistance. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 432017 | Title unavailable | oer_benchmark · template_assisted_synthesisCited for 2D Ni-Fe MOF arrays on nickel foam with OER overpotential of 240 mV at 10 mA cm-2. | research_0071 |
| Ref. 452017 | Title unavailable | her_benchmark · interfacial_synthesisCited for interfacially synthesised TATA-Co HER catalyst listed with 92 mV overpotential in Table 3. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 522010 | Title unavailable | synthesis_example · thickness_benchmarkUsed as an early sonication-exfoliation example producing monolayer-like [Cu2Br(IN)2]n nanosheets. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 642017 | Title unavailable | synthesis_example · thickness_benchmarkCited for micromechanical freeze-thaw exfoliation of MAMS-1 nanosheets with approximately 4 nm thickness. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 682019 | Title unavailable | synthesis_example · oer_benchmarkCited for direct solvothermal Ni-M-MOF nanosheets and Ni-Fe-MOF OER benchmark. | research_0422 |
| Ref. 692018 | Title unavailable | synthesis_example · gor_benchmarkUsed for Ni/Zn-MOF nanoflowers and glucose oxidation reaction sensitivity benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 702019 | Title unavailable | orr_benchmark · synthesis_exampleCited for phthalocyanine-based 2D MOF ORR electrocatalyst PcCu-O8-Co/CNTs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 792015 | Title unavailable | her_benchmark · interfacial_synthesisCited for liquid-liquid interfacial cobalt/nickel dithiolene 2DSP single-layer sheets and HER performance. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 812013 | Title unavailable | conductivity_benchmark · conjugated_mofCited for nickel bis(dithiolene) nanosheets with conductive behaviour. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 892016 | Title unavailable | oer_benchmark · sonochemical_synthesisCited for sonochemically synthesised NiCo bimetal-organic framework nanosheets and OER performance. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 932019 | Title unavailable | template_assisted_synthesis · active_site_contextCited in the review's perspective as evidence for high surface area and open active sites in 2D MOF electrocatalysts. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 952019 | Title unavailable | template_assisted_synthesis · oer_benchmarkCited for 2D oxide sacrificial approach and FeCo-MNS OER benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1092018 | Title unavailable | conductive_composite · her_contextUsed to illustrate covalent MOF/CNT contact improving charge transfer during HER. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1102014 | Title unavailable | conductivity_benchmark · measurement_contextCited for SEM-controlled Van der Pauw conductivity measurement of nickel bis(dithiolene) microflakes. | research_0361 |
| Ref. 1112017 | Title unavailable | conductivity_benchmark · conjugated_mofCited for M3(HIB)2 conductive frameworks and DFT-supported metallic behaviour. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1122018 | Title unavailable | conductivity_benchmark · thin_film_contextCited in the conductivity table for a high-conductivity Cu-BHT film. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1162014 | Title unavailable | conductivity_benchmark · thin_film_contextCited for Ni3(HITP)2 film and pellet conductivity values and ORR-related conductive MOF context. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1182019 | Title unavailable | conductive_composite · co2rr_contextUsed as a conductive nanocrystal/MOF composite example with improved CO2 reduction selectivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1192014 | Title unavailable | charge_transport_mechanism · thin_film_contextCited for CoTCPP nanosheets on FTO and redox hopping charge transfer. | research_0375 |
| Ref. 1432018 | Title unavailable | mof_derivative · oer_benchmarkCited for hydrolysis and pyrolysis production of 2D Co/N carbon nanosheet networks for OER. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1682019 | Title unavailable | orr_benchmark · mof_derivativeCited for ZIF-derived cobalt-embedded N-doped mesoporous carbon nanoleaves used in ORR and zinc-air batteries. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1692019 | Title unavailable | co2rr_benchmark · surfactant_assisted_synthesisCited for surfactant-assisted porphyrin-based 2D MOF electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1772019 | Title unavailable | stability_caveat · oer_contextCited with Zhang's group work as an example where structural changes during OER may not track activity loss. | Unmapped |