Cheng Li, Xiaoli Sun, Yuan Yao, and Gongming Hong · Materials Today Nano · 2021
Summarise conductive mechanisms, electrode design strategies and electrochemical applications of electrically conductive redox-active MOFs, spanning sensing, supercapacitors, metal-ion and metal-sulfur/iodine batteries, and HER/OER/ORR/CO2RR/NRR electrocatalysis.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Links high conductivity to charge delocalisation and long-range pathways, with design levers based on pi interactions and redox activity.
Relevance: Core · 2 · Design strategies of ECMOFs electrodes · Fig. 3; Fig. 4
Covers HER, OER, ORR, CO2RR and NRR, using electrocatalytic metrics and arguing that conductive porous frameworks can expose catalytic sites and accelerate charge transport.
Relevance: Supporting · 5 · ECMOFs for electrocatalytic applications · Tables 8-12
Frames conventional MOFs as structurally attractive but usually insulating, motivating intrinsically conductive redox-active MOFs for electrochemical applications.
Relevance: Core · 1 · Introduction
Defines ECMOFs and separates intrinsic electronic transport from guest-induced or pore ionic conduction, then organises transport as through-space, through-bond and hopping.
Relevance: Core · 1 · Conductive mechanisms of ECMOFs · Fig. 2
States that the field remains early and prioritises improved intrinsic conductivity, pore/tunnel regulation, structure-performance relationships, voltage-control principles and mechanism/stability work.
Relevance: Core · 6 · Conclusions and future perspectives
Discusses conductive MOFs as chemiresistive and electrochemical sensing materials whose sensitivity can depend on adsorbates, ligands and metal nodes.
Relevance: Supporting · 2 · ECMOFs in electrochemical-sensing devices · Fig. 5; Table 2
Surveys supercapacitors and Li/Na/Zn battery uses, emphasising conductivity, redox-active sites, channels and binder-free or host/separator architectures.
Relevance: Core · 2 · ECMOFs in energy storage application · Tables 3-7
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
Across battery sections, ECMOFs are positioned not only as cathodes or anodes but also as hosts and separators that suppress shuttle effects.
Categories: active electrode · sulfur or iodine host · modified separator · binder-free fibre cathode
4 · ECMOFs for Li-S batteries · Fig. 11
Design guidance is organised around increasing delocalisation with pi systems and introducing redox centres to create hopping or mixed-valence pathways.
Categories: pi-conjugation and pi-pi stacking · redox-active metal nodes · mixed-valence organic ligands
2 · Design strategies of ECMOFs electrodes · Fig. 3; Fig. 4
The electrocatalysis section is organised by reaction, with metrics including overpotential, Tafel slope, faradaic efficiency and yield.
Categories: HER · OER · ORR · CO2 reduction reaction · N2 reduction reaction
5 · ECMOFs for electrocatalytic applications · Tables 8-12
The review explicitly confines its ECMOF discussion to intrinsic material conductivity, excluding conductivity arising from guest molecules or ion movement through pores.
Categories: intrinsic framework electronic conductivity · guest-induced conductivity · ionic conduction through pores
1 · Conductive mechanisms of ECMOFs
The review contrasts surface-area-driven EDLC behaviour with redox pseudocapacitance and highlights frameworks that combine both.
Categories: electronic double-layer capacitance · pseudocapacitance · combined EDLC and pseudocapacitance
2 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors · Fig. 7
ECMOF transport is classified by non-covalent pi-stacking pathways, covalent metal-ligand orbital overlap, or thermally assisted redox hopping between sites.
Categories: through-space · through-bond · hopping transport
1 · Conductive mechanisms of ECMOFs · Fig. 2
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
Catecholate-based conductive frameworks using highly pi-conjugated octahydroxydibenzochrysene or bimetallic catecholate motifs.
Conduction: Conjugated catecholate networks combine conductivity with EDLC/pseudocapacitive or ORR behaviour.
Representative materials: Cu-DBC · CoxNiy-CATs · Co-CAT · Ni-CAT
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Co · Ni · catecholate · octahydroxydibenzochrysene
3 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors · Fig. 7
Conductive MOFs grown directly on conductive or flexible supports such as cellulose nanofibres, carbon nanotube fibres, nickel foam or polypropylene separators.
Conduction: Direct growth reduces interface resistance and produces binder-free transport pathways.
Representative materials: CNF@Ni-HITP · CNTF@V-ECMOFs · Ni-ECMOF/CNTF · Ni3(HITP)2-modified PP separator · NiFe-MOF array
Nodes / linkers: Ni · V · Fe · HITP · naphthalenedicarboxylate · vanadium MOF linkers
2 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors · Fig. 6
Redox-active 2D frameworks using HAB linkers with electroactive amino groups and metal nodes such as Ni, Cu, Co or Mn.
Conduction: Pi-conjugated HAB and redox-active sites support pseudocapacitance and ion storage.
Representative materials: Ni-HAB · Cu-HAB · Co-HAB · Mn-HAB
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · Co · Mn · hexaaminobenzene
3 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors · Fig. 7
Plane-like 2D frameworks built from HITP, HHTP, BHT or related triphenylene/benzene pi-conjugated linkers coordinated to Ni, Cu or Co centres.
Conduction: Electron delocalisation in planar sheets and pi-pi stacking are described as enabling high conductivity.
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 · Ni3(HHTP) · Cu3(HHTP)2 · Ni3(BHT)2
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · Co · hexaiminotriphenylene · hexahydroxytriphenylene · benzenehexathiol
1 · Through-bond mechanism
Frameworks in which Fe(III/II), Cu(III/II) or Cu(II/I) couples create redox-active conduction pathways.
Conduction: Mixed valence and charge delocalisation are invoked as routes to conductivity and hopping/redox transport.
Representative materials: Fe(TRI)2(BF4)x · Fe2(BDT)3 · KxFe2(BDP)3 · Cu[Cu(PDT)2]
Nodes / linkers: Fe · Cu · triazolate · benzenedithiolate · PDT
14 · Figures and tables · Table 1
Extended metallophthalocyanine or metalloporphyrin linkers used for gas sensing, water oxidation, CO2 reduction and iodine batteries.
Conduction: Large pi-conjugated macrocycles provide linkers for conductive, redox-active frameworks.
Representative materials: NiPc-M · NiNPc-M · Co-porphyrin MOF · Cu2(CuTCPP) · Fe-based copper-phthalocyanine MOF
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · Co · Fe · phthalocyanine · naphthalocyanine · porphyrin · TCPP
2 · Manipulating π-electron interactions · Fig. 3
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Combine metal ions in 2D conductive frameworks to tune active sites and reaction selectivity for ORR/OER/CO2RR.
Claimed effects: Can improve oxygen reduction or evolution activity relative to monometallic analogues.
Controlling variables: metal ratio · M-Nx or M-Ox unit · exposed active sites · electrode support
Representative materials: CoxNiy-CATs · NiFe-ECMOF · Cu-ECMOF
Caveat: The conclusion cautions that electrocatalytic ECMOF performance is still not comparable with noble-metal catalysts.
6 · ECMOFs for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) · Fig. 18
Form binder-free electrodes by growing conductive MOF layers or arrays on cellulose nanofibres, CNT fibres, nickel foam or related substrates.
Claimed effects: Reduces interface resistance and improves rate performance or flexibility.
Controlling variables: substrate conductivity · interfacial contact · MOF layer thickness · nanofibre or nanosheet morphology
Representative materials: CNF@Ni-HITP · CNTF@V-ECMOFs · NiFe-MOF array · Ni-ECMOF/CNTF
Caveat: The review summarises device outcomes but does not standardise mass loading or geometry across studies.
2 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors · Fig. 6
Exploit microporosity, polarity and Lewis acid-base interactions to immobilise polysulfides or polyiodides in Li-S and Na-I2 systems.
Claimed effects: Suppresses shuttle effects, improves redox kinetics and maintains cycling durability.
Controlling variables: pore size · metal-node polarity · separator coating thickness · conductive additive network
Representative materials: S@Ni3(HITP)2-CNT · Ni3(HITP)2-modified PP separator · Fe-ECMOFs/I2
Caveat: Mechanistic understanding of metal-moiety trapping remains incomplete according to the review.
4 · ECMOFs for Li-S batteries · Fig. 11
Use benzene, naphthalene, triphenylene, coronene, TTF, truxene, anthracene or phthalocyanine linkers to extend pi conjugation and provide charge pathways.
Claimed effects: Promotes long-range charge mobility and often high electrical conductivity.
Controlling variables: linker pi-system size · planarity · stacking tendency · metal-ligand energy matching
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 · Cu3(HHTP)2 · NiPc-M · TTF-based ECMOFs
Caveat: The review does not resolve structure-conductivity causality for every linker; primary evidence is needed for quantitative comparison.
2 · Manipulating π-electron interactions · Fig. 3
Choose metal nodes with accessible oxidation states or ligands with stable radical/redox states to support hopping and redox-mediated conductivity.
Claimed effects: Enhances conductivity and provides electrochemical active sites for storage or catalysis.
Controlling variables: metal redox couple · organic mixed-valence stability · node-linker spatial separation · redox potential alignment
Representative materials: Fe(TRI)2(BF4)x · Cu[Cu(PDT)2] · Ni-HAB · Co-HAB
Caveat: Redox activity can improve performance but mechanism assignments are often inferred from electrochemical signatures.
2 · Boosting long-range conduction pathways via redox-activity · Table 1; Fig. 4
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
ECMOFs are argued to be attractive battery electrodes because robust frameworks, designable channels, redox sites and conductivity can aid ion diffusion, capacity and rate performance.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review calls for deeper storage-mechanism evidence, especially for Li-ion and Na-ion cases.
3 · ECMOFs for Li-ions batteries
Electrical conductivity is treated as a critical factor for rate performance because it facilitates electron transfer from active substances to substrates during electrochemical reactions.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Device performance also depends on ion transport, morphology and mass loading.
2 · Hopping transport
Conventional MOFs are usually electrical insulators, and this limitation motivates the direct development of intrinsically conductive redox-active MOFs for electrochemical electrodes.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review gives a general threshold rather than a standardised measurement protocol.
1 · Introduction
Direct growth of ECMOFs on substrates is interpreted as a way to decrease interface resistance and improve binder-free electrode performance.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review does not separate interface effects from mass loading, morphology or electrolyte effects.
2 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors · Fig. 6
ECMOFs are framed as hybrid materials formed by coordination of metallic nodes to organic ligands that combine conductivity and redox activity.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The definition is review-level terminology, not a universally enforced nomenclature.
1 · Conductive mechanisms of ECMOFs
Although ECMOF electrocatalysis is a growing hotspot, the review cautions that performance was not yet comparable with noble-metal catalysts and needs mechanistic and stability studies.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is a 2020/2021 review-level judgement and should not be treated as current beyond the review period.
6 · Conclusions and future perspectives
Hopping transport is described as thermally dependent charge transfer between discrete redox sites with probability controlled by site distance and energy difference.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The review gives a model equation but does not assess all experimental fits.
2 · Hopping transport
For electrochemical design, the review distinguishes intrinsic framework conductivity from conductivity caused by guest doping or ionic motion through pores.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Guest-enhanced conductivity is acknowledged but excluded from the review's ECMOF scope.
1 · Conductive mechanisms of ECMOFs
Selecting planar pi-conjugated linkers and redox-active metal centres is presented as a primary strategy for raising ECMOF conductivity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review does not isolate linker effects from morphology or processing.
2 · Manipulating π-electron interactions · Fig. 3
For sensing, ECMOF responses can be modulated by adsorbate identity and by ligand/metal-node selection in phthalocyanine molecular meshes.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review provides selected examples, not a broad sensor-performance meta-analysis.
2 · ECMOFs in electrochemical-sensing devices · Fig. 5
In Li-S and Na-I2 batteries, ECMOF pores and metal nodes are presented as ways to trap polysulfides or polyiodides while maintaining conductivity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review says the role of metallic moieties and trapping mechanisms still needs more research.
4 · ECMOFs for Li-S batteries · Fig. 11
For supercapacitors, ECMOFs are positioned as promising because they can combine electrical conductivity, controlled porosity, surface area and redox sites.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review explicitly notes supercapacitor applications remain early-stage.
2 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors
The review adopts a three-part mechanism taxonomy for intrinsic ECMOF conductivity: through-space, through-bond and hopping transport.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Individual materials may involve coupled pathways; the taxonomy is simplifying.
1 · Conductive mechanisms of ECMOFs · Fig. 2
Through-bond conduction is linked to suitable spatial and energetic overlap of metal-node and ligand frontier orbitals, especially with N- or S-coordinating linkers.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Quantitative comparison depends on contact geometry, morphology and measurement method in the primary studies.
1 · Through-bond mechanism
Through-space conduction is attributed to non-covalent interactions such as pi-pi stacking, with closer spatial separation improving transfer and mobility.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review draws an analogy to organic semiconductors and cites examples rather than proving the mechanism for all ECMOFs.
1 · Through-space mechanism
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SecondaryCo3(HHTP)2 | NRR NH3 yield | 22.14 μg/h/mg | 0.5 M LiClO4; FE 3.34% at -0.40 V vs. RHE Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 6 · ECMOFs for N2 reduction reaction (NRR) · Table 12 |
| SecondaryCo-HAB | Na-ion capacity | 291 mAh/g | Table 6 Na-ion battery benchmark; mass 1.3-9.6 mg/cm2 Table · Exact Reported | research_0004 | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 6 |
| SecondaryCoxNiy-CATs | ORR onset potential | 0.47 V vs. RHE | Table 10, mass 0.153 mg/cm2 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 16 · Figures and tables · Table 10 |
| SecondaryCu-DBC | gravimetric capacitance | 396 F/g at 0.2 A/g | low discharge rate 0.2 A/g; combined EDLC and pseudocapacitance Text · Exact Reported | research_0068 | 3 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors · Fig. 7 |
| SecondaryCu-ECMOF | CO2 reduction faradaic efficiency | 73% at -1.6 V vs. RHE | CO2-saturated 0.1 M KHCO3; mass 0.486 mg/cm2; Table 11 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 16 · Figures and tables · Table 11 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 nanowires | Li-ion rate capacity | ~631 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g; ~381 mAh/g at 2 A/g | anode; current densities 0.2 and 2 A/g Text · Approximate | research_0046 | 3 · ECMOFs for Li-ions batteries · Fig. 9 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 | Zn-ion capacity | 228 mAh/g | Table 7 Zn-ion battery benchmark; mass 2 mg/cm2 Table · Exact Reported | research_0188 | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 7 |
| SecondaryFe-ECMOFs/I2 | Na-I2 specific capacity | 208 mAh/g at 0.3 A/g; 127 mAh/g at 2.5 A/g | Na-I2 cathode; capacitive contribution about 41% at 2 mV/s Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 4 · ECMOFs for Na-I2 batteries · Fig. 13 |
| SecondaryFe(TRI)2(BF4)x | electrical conductivity | 0.31 S/cm | mixed-valence Fe3+/2+ framework; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 14 · Figures and tables · Table 1 |
| SecondaryNi-ECMOF | Zn-Ni areal capacity | 0.4 mAh/cm2 | Table 7 Zn-Ni battery; mass 0.51 mg/cm2 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 7 |
| SecondaryNi-HAB | electrical conductivity | 70 ± 15 S/m | room temperature, redox-active HAB ECMOF Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 3 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors · Fig. 7 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | ORR onset potential | 0.82 V vs. RHE | Table 10 ORR; mass 0.026 mg/cm2 Table · Exact Reported | research_0003 | 16 · Figures and tables · Table 10 |
| SecondaryNi-ECMOF / Ni3(HITP)2 | specific capacitance | 111 F/g | Table 3 supercapacitor benchmark; mass 7 mg/cm2, conductivity 5000 S/m Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 3 |
| SecondaryNiAT / Ni-ECMOF | HER overpotential | 370 mV at 10 mA/cm2 | pH 1.3, mass 1.7 mg/cm2, Table 8 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 8 |
| SecondaryNiDI | Li-ion specific capacity | 155 mAh/g | 2.0-4.5 V vs. Li/Li+ Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 3 · ECMOFs for Li-ions batteries · Fig. 8 |
| SecondaryNiFe-ECMOF | OER overpotential | 240 mV at 10 mA/cm2 | 0.1 KOH, Ni foam electrode, Table 9 Table · Exact Reported | research_0071 | 15 · Figures and tables · Table 9 |
| SecondaryNiPc-M and NiNPc-M | gas sensing sensitivity | NH3 0.31-0.33 ppm; H2S 19-32 ppb; NO 1.0-1.1 ppb | chemiresistive gas sensing; humidity-independent performance claimed Text · Range | No verified corpus mapping | 2 · ECMOFs in electrochemical-sensing devices · Fig. 5 |
| SecondaryS@Ni3(HITP)2-CNT | Li-S capacity retention | 65.04% after 300 cycles | Li-S cathode, sulfur load 65.5 wt% Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 3 · ECMOFs for Li-S batteries · Fig. 10 |
| SecondaryV-ECMOF | Zn-ion volumetric capacity | 101.8 mAh/cm3 | all-solid-state fibre-shaped Zn-ion battery; Table 7 and text Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 5 · ECMOFs for Zn-ions batteries · Fig. 14; Table 7 |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
Amorphous active substances may deliver higher capacitance than crystalline analogues, but fabrication of amorphous ECMOFs is challenging.
Proposed direction: Investigate controlled disorder/amorphisation while preserving conductivity and accessible pores.
3 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors
The review states ECMOF electrocatalysts are not yet comparable with noble metals and need experimental/theoretical mechanism and stability studies.
Proposed direction: Develop active-site-resolved, stability-aware catalyst studies and compare fairly with noble-metal benchmarks.
6 · Conclusions and future perspectives
Li-ion storage mechanisms in ECMOFs need combined theoretical and experimental clarification.
Proposed direction: Use operando spectroscopy, diffraction and modelling to relate ion insertion sites to design strategy.
3 · ECMOFs for Li-ions batteries
ECMOF use in Na-ion batteries is described as primary-stage, with basic electrochemical mechanisms still insufficient.
Proposed direction: Map Na-ion insertion/extraction, tunnel-size effects and redox-centre participation.
4 · ECMOFs for Na-ions batteries
The review calls for more research on how ECMOF metallic moieties affect polysulfide migration and trapping.
Proposed direction: Resolve Lewis acid-base binding sites and their stability during cycling.
4 · ECMOFs for Li-S batteries
Triphenylene and TTF-type organic ligands are described as expensive, restricting ECMOF preparation for supercapacitors.
Proposed direction: Develop lower-cost linker systems or scalable routes while retaining conductivity.
3 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors
The review says deeper understanding of charge storage in ECMOF supercapacitors is still required.
Proposed direction: Combine electrochemical, spectroscopic and modelling work to identify EDLC versus faradaic contributions.
3 · ECMOFs for supercapacitors
Zn-ion ECMOF batteries are limited by low working voltage and humble aqueous stability.
Proposed direction: Improve redox potentials, output voltage and aqueous/alkaline framework stability.
5 · ECMOFs for Zn-ions batteries
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 442018 | Charge Delocalization and Bulk Electronic Conductivity in the Mixed-Valence Metal-Organic Framework Fe(1,2,3-Triazolate)2(BF4)x | mixed_valence · conductivity_benchmarkUsed as a mixed-valence Fe azolate example for through-bond conductivity and Table 1 conductivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 452016 | Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Catalysed by Ni3(Hexaiminotriphenylene)2 | orr · hitp_family · transport_mechanismSelected for Ni3(HITP)2 as a 2D plane-like ECMOF and ORR benchmark. | research_0003 |
| Ref. 552017 | Ultrathin Metal-Organic Framework Array for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting | oer · nanosheet_array · benchmarkSelected for ultrathin NiFe-MOF array OER activity and naphthalene linker family. | research_0071 |
| Ref. 702019 | Chemiresistive Detection of Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Interrogation of Charge Transport in Cu[Ni(2, 3-Pyrazinedithiolate)2] by Gas Adsorption | sensing · charge_transportSelected for gas-adsorption-modulated conductivity in sensing. | research_0052 |
| Ref. 712018 | Welding Metallophthalocyanines into Bimetallic Molecular Meshes for Ultrasensitive, Low-Power Chemiresistive Detection of Gases | sensing · phthalocyanineSelected for phthalocyanine ECMOF gas sensing and ligand/metal node tunability. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 902017 | Conductive MOF Electrodes for Stable Supercapacitors with High Areal Capacitance | supercapacitor · hitp_family · benchmarkSelected as the review's first ECMOF-based supercapacitor example and Table 3 benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 932019 | Cellulose Nanofiber@Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks for High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors | supercapacitor · binder_free_electrode · processingSelected for directly grown conductive MOF layers on cellulose nanofibres. | research_0174 |
| Ref. 942018 | Robust and Conductive Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks with Exceptionally High Volumetric and Areal Capacitance | supercapacitor · hab_family · benchmarkSelected for redox-active HAB ECMOF pseudocapacitance and conductivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 952020 | Conjugated Copper-Catecholate Framework Electrodes for Efficient Energy Storage | supercapacitor · catecholate · benchmarkSelected for mixed EDLC/pseudocapacitance in a conjugated catecholate framework. | research_0068 |
| Ref. 992018 | Multielectron-Transfer-Based Rechargeable Energy Storage of Two-Dimensional Coordination Frameworks with Non-Innocent Ligands | li_ion_battery · non_innocent_ligand · benchmarkSelected for NiDI redox-active 2D framework Li-ion cathode storage. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1012019 | Bottom-up Fabrication of 1D Cu-Based Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Nanowires as a High-Rate Anode Towards Efficient Lithium Storage | li_ion_battery · hhtp_family · benchmarkSelected for Cu3(HHTP)2 nanowire anode capacity and Li insertion mechanism. | research_0046 |
| Ref. 1152019 | A Highly Conductive MOF of Graphene Analogue Ni3(HITP)2 as a Sulfur Host for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries | li_s_battery · hitp_family · benchmarkSelected for sulfur-host function and polysulfide conversion in Li-S batteries. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1252018 | Stabilization of Hexaaminobenzene in a 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Framework for High Power Sodium Storage | na_ion_battery · hab_family · benchmarkSelected for Co-HAB as a sodium-storage 2D conductive framework. | research_0004 |
| Ref. 1322020 | Fully Conjugated Phthalocyanine Copper Metal-Organic Frameworks for Sodium-Iodine Batteries with Long-Time-Cycling Durability | na_i2_battery · phthalocyanine · benchmarkSelected for polyiodide anchoring and long-cycling Na-I2 storage. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1352019 | Self-Sacrificed Synthesis of Conductive Vanadium-Based Metal-Organic Framework Nanowire-Bundle Arrays as Binder-Free Cathodes for High-Rate and High-Energy-Density Wearable Zn-Ion Batteries | zn_ion_battery · binder_free_electrode · benchmarkSelected for flexible fibre-shaped Zn-ion battery cathode benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1382020 | Nickel Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets as Novel Binder-Free Cathode for Advanced Fibrous Aqueous Rechargeable Ni-Zn Battery | zn_ni_battery · binder_free_electrode · benchmarkSelected for Ni-ECMOF fibre-shaped Ni-Zn battery example. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1392019 | Conductive 2D Metal-Organic Framework for High-Performance Cathodes in Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries | zn_ion_battery · hhtp_family · benchmarkSelected for Cu3(HHTP)2 aqueous Zn-ion battery table benchmark. | research_0188 |
| Ref. 1462017 | Bis(Aminothiolato) Nickel Nanosheet as a Redox Switch for Conductivity and an Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction | her · nanosheet · benchmarkSelected for NiAT HER benchmark and redox-switch conductivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1582019 | Synthesis of Bimetallic Conductive 2D Metal-Organic Framework (CoxNiy-CAT) and Its Mass Production: Enhanced Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Activity | orr · bimetallic · benchmarkSelected for bimetallic catecholate ORR activity and mass-production comment. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1712019 | Highly Efficient Electroconversion of Carbon Dioxide into Hydrocarbons by Cathodized Copper-Organic Frameworks | crr · copper_framework · benchmarkSelected for Table 11 CRR FE benchmark for a cathodized copper-organic framework. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1792020 | Co3(Hexahydroxytriphenylene)2: A Conductive Metal-Organic Framework for Ambient Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction to NH3 | nrr · hhtp_family · benchmarkSelected for ambient NRR benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1802019 | Boosting Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Via Energy-Efficient Anodic Oxidation of Sodium Gluconate | nrr · benchmarkSelected for Table 12 Cu-ECMOF NRR benchmark. | Unmapped |