James J. Calvo, Sydney M. Angel, Monica C. So · APL Materials · 2020
Highlight charge-transport behaviour in recently discovered electronic MOFs and recommend directions for intrinsically and extrinsically conductive MOFs in electronics.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Reviews post-synthetic guest, polymer and solvent strategies for tuning conductivity through coordinated cross-linking guests and solvent-induced charge-density changes.
Relevance: Core · 8, 050901-6 · III. MOFs with extrinsic conductivity · Fig. 7
Introduces carrier density, mobility, activation energy, bandgap, hopping/band transport and design levers for conductive MOFs.
Relevance: Core · 8, 050901-2 · I.B. Charge transport fundamentals
Defines intrinsic conductivity and discusses 2D extended-pi networks and 3D metal-ion-based frameworks, emphasising defect, oxidation, solvation and film-thickness sensitivity.
Relevance: Core · 8, 050901-4 · II. MOFs with intrinsic conductivity · Fig. 3
Frames MOFs as tunable hybrid electronic nanomaterials, identifies poor conductivity from missing charge-facilitating building blocks and porosity, and states the review's 2017-2019 focus.
Relevance: Core · 8, 050901-1 · I.A. Challenges · Fig. 1
Classifies through-bond and through-space transport, then divides strategies into intrinsically conductive architectures and guest-enabled extrinsic conductivity.
Relevance: Core · 8, 050901-3 · I.C. Charge transport mechanisms in MOFs · Fig. 2
Identifies gaps in defect understanding, measurement standardisation and device incorporation, then closes with a call for synthetic-computational collaboration.
Relevance: Core · 8, 050901-9 · V. Conclusions
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
Extrinsic examples are grouped into coordinated guest/polymer pathways and solvent coordination/release that modulates charge density in the framework skeleton.
Categories: coordinated cross-linking guests · solvent-induced conductivity
8, 050901-6 · III. MOFs with extrinsic conductivity
The review organises intrinsic examples into 2D pi-network systems and 3D redox-active metal-ion frameworks, both treated as fundamentally successful but sensitive to defects and environment.
Categories: 2D MOFs with extended pi networks · 3D MOFs with metal ions providing mobile charge carriers
8, 050901-4 · II. MOFs with intrinsic conductivity
Intrinsic MOFs conduct without guest-enabled charge carriers or pathways; extrinsic MOFs are post-synthetically modified with guest molecules or solvents that tune electrical conductivity.
Categories: intrinsically conductive MOFs · extrinsically conductive MOFs
8, 050901-4 · II. MOFs with intrinsic conductivity
The review treats morphology as a critical measurement variable because different sample forms naturally yield varying conductivity values.
Categories: pressed pellets · polycrystalline films · single-domain films · single crystals
8, 050901-8 · IV. Future outlook
Through-bond transport uses covalent or coordination-bond pathways with metal-ligand orbital overlap; through-space transport uses noncovalent interactions such as pi-pi stacking between redox-active fragments.
Categories: through-bond charge transport · through-space charge transport
8, 050901-3 · I.C. Charge transport mechanisms in MOFs · Fig. 2
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
Layered MOFs built from electron-rich linkers and square planar metal ions where oxidation can delocalise carriers through bonds.
Conduction: Hexagonal lattices and stacking orientation support through-bond charge transport, but conductivity can be highly anisotropic and defect-sensitive.
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 · [Co3(THT)2]3- · FeTHT · Cr3(HITP)2
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Co · Fe · Cr · hexaiminotriphenylene · triphenylenehexathiolate · HITP analogues
8, 050901-4 · II.A. In-plane charge transport in 2D MOFs · Fig. 3
3D iron frameworks bridged by benzenedipyrazolate-type linkers where pyrazolate units facilitate charge transport along iron chains.
Conduction: The pyrazolate unit acts as a pi acceptor; reductive doping transfers potassium counterions into pores and modulates conductivity.
Representative materials: Fe2(BDP)3 · KxFe2(BDP)3
Nodes / linkers: Fe · 1,4-benzenedipyrazolate · pyrazolate-linked chains
8, 050901-6 · II.B. Conducting 3D MOFs · Figs. 5-6
Open-metal-site iron disulfidobenzenedicarboxylate MOF where DMF coordination and release reversibly changes structure and conductivity.
Conduction: The review attributes conductivity enhancement to increased charge density from electron transfer, with hole hopping between sulfur and iron within chains.
Representative materials: Fe2(DSBDC) · Fe2(DSBDC)(DMF)2.xDMF · Fe2(DSBDC)(DMF)2
Nodes / linkers: Fe open metal sites · 2,5-disulfidobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate
8, 050901-7 · III.B. Solvent-induced MOF conductivity · Fig. 9
Robust zirconium MOFs post-synthetically modified with conjugated oligomers or electron-acceptor guests to create conductive composite pathways.
Conduction: Anchored oligomers or encapsulated acceptors introduce conductive pathways while largely preserving porosity.
Representative materials: NU-1000 with pentathiophene/polythiophene · NU-901 with C60
Nodes / linkers: Zr · NU-1000 linkers · pentathiophene oligomers · polythiophene · C60 guest
8, 050901-6 · III.A. Coordinated cross-linking guests · Fig. 7
MOF hosts whose conductivity is enhanced by infiltration with tetracyanoquinodimethane-type redox-active guest molecules.
Conduction: The review describes TCNQ pi orbitals bridging metal nodes and reducing the optical bandgap, while noting uncertainty over continuous conductive pathway formation.
Representative materials: Co-MOF-74 loaded with TCNQ · HKUST-1 loaded with TCNQ
Nodes / linkers: Co · Cu · MOF-74 linkers · HKUST-1 linkers · TCNQ guest
8, 050901-6 to 8, 050901-7 · III.A. Coordinated cross-linking guests · Fig. 8
Caged diamondoid Fe(II) triazolate framework where oxidative doping generates mixed-valence charge transport through an iron node network.
Conduction: Oxidation introduces mixed valence; triazolate nitrogen acts as a pi acceptor and enables charge transfer through the iron node network.
Representative materials: Fe(tri)2 · Fe(tri)2(BF4)x
Nodes / linkers: octahedral Fe(II) · 1,2,3-triazolate
8, 050901-5 · II.B. Conducting 3D MOFs · Fig. 4; Scheme 1
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Oxidatively or reductively dope redox-active 3D frameworks so that counterions enter pores and mixed-valence or carrier-rich states emerge.
Claimed effects: Reported to change conductivity by many orders of magnitude while sometimes preserving major framework structure.
Controlling variables: oxidation state · dopant stoichiometry · counterion incorporation · avoidance of unintentional oxidation · retention of crystallinity
Representative materials: Fe(tri)2(BF4)x · KxFe2(BDP)3
Caveat: Partial oxidation and defects can alter measured conductivity; doping level and sample handling need careful reporting.
8, 050901-5 · II.B. Conducting 3D MOFs · Scheme 1
Optimise deposition, nanoscale particle formation and coating approaches so conductive MOFs can be incorporated into electronic devices.
Claimed effects: Better film and particle control is presented as necessary for reliable device fabrication and electronic performance.
Controlling variables: film thickness · layer ordering · roughness · particle size · reaction time · concentration · metal precursor
Representative materials: 2D conductive MOF films · nanoscaled MOF coatings
Caveat: Inkjet printing nanoscaled MOFs into films is identified as underexplored rather than demonstrated.
8, 050901-8 to 8, 050901-9 · IV. Future outlook
Introduce redox-active guest molecules whose pi systems can bridge metal nodes or exchange charge with the host framework.
Claimed effects: Can reduce optical bandgap and improve electrical transport through guest-host charge transfer.
Controlling variables: guest redox level · host metal node identity · guest loading · atmosphere · water and air exposure · continuous pathway formation
Representative materials: TCNQ@Co-MOF-74 · TCNQ@HKUST-1 · C60@NU-901
Caveat: The review notes uncertainty in continuous pathway formation and stresses dry/inert conditions to minimise defect formation.
8, 050901-6 to 8, 050901-7 · III.A. Coordinated cross-linking guests · Fig. 8
Design frameworks with electroactive ligands or metal ions arranged in topologies that permit long-range charge delocalisation.
Claimed effects: Can enable long-range charge delocalisation by through-bond or through-space pathways, but often requires strict control of defects and layer ordering.
Controlling variables: redox-active metal ions · redox-active ligands · orbital energy matching · topology · pi-stacking distance
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 · [Co3(THT)2]3- · FeTHT
Caveat: Material behaviour varies strongly with environmental contamination, structural defects, oxidation state and film thickness.
8, 050901-4 · I.D. Potential solutions
Use solvent-assisted ligand incorporation to anchor conjugated oligomers onto MOF nodes, then oxidatively electropolymerise them into pore-confined conductive strands.
Claimed effects: Creates a possible conductive pathway in the composite structure with little to no additional porosity loss.
Controlling variables: guest oligomer identity · node anchoring · electropolymerisation potential · channel diameter · porosity retention
Representative materials: NU-1000/pentathiophene-polythiophene composite
Caveat: The review treats the pathway as possible/proposed, not as independently established primary evidence.
8, 050901-6 · III.A. Coordinated cross-linking guests · Fig. 7
Coordinate and release solvent at open metal centres to reversibly change framework structure and charge density.
Claimed effects: Can increase room-temperature conductivity by orders of magnitude by increasing charge density rather than mobility.
Controlling variables: coordinating solvent · open metal sites · solvent exchange · evacuation · redox matching · metal centre identity
Representative materials: Fe2(DSBDC)(DMF)2.xDMF · Fe2(DSBDC)(DMF)2
Caveat: Solvent-induced distortions are described as possibly reversible, and further metal-centre studies are needed to clarify the pathway.
8, 050901-7 to 8, 050901-8 · III.B. Solvent-induced MOF conductivity · Fig. 9
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
In 2D conductive MOFs, ligand composition influences stacking conformation, and stacking/lattice geometry are linked to through-bond transport.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review generalises across several ligand chemistries and does not treat every stacking case as equivalent.
8, 050901-4 · II.A. In-plane charge transport in 2D MOFs
For the review's MOF design logic, reducing bandgap or activation energy is favourable because it raises accessible charge density.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is a conceptual framework, not a substitute for material-specific transport analysis.
8, 050901-3 · I.B. Charge transport fundamentals
The review uses the standard conductivity relationship to organise MOF design around increasing carrier density and charge mobility.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The review explicitly says the simple equation does not capture all factors that affect density and mobility.
8, 050901-2 · I.B. Charge transport fundamentals
For [Co3(THT)2]3-, the review interprets high-temperature semiconducting behaviour as arising from planar defects, whereas a defect-free material is expected to be metallic.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The statement relies on calculations and interpretation of the cited primary study.
8, 050901-4 · II.A. In-plane charge transport in 2D MOFs · Fig. 3
The conclusion positions collaborative synthetic and computational work as necessary for optimising conductive MOFs and understanding charge transport.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Outlook statement rather than evidence from a specific cited primary study.
8, 050901-9 · V. Conclusions
The review argues that conductive MOF progress must be coupled to better incorporation into devices, including controlled nanoscale coatings and underexplored inkjet printing.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Inkjet printing is described as a potential technique rather than established practice for conductive MOF devices.
8, 050901-8 to 8, 050901-9 · IV. Future outlook
Extrinsically conductive MOFs are positioned as a pragmatic route for tuning conductivity by adding guest molecules after framework synthesis.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Guest-induced pathways must be verified and reported carefully; guest loading can also introduce defects or environmental sensitivity.
8, 050901-6 · III. MOFs with extrinsic conductivity
Even small levels of iron-site oxidation in Fe(tri)2 can change conductivity, so unintentional oxidation is a serious interpretive risk.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: This is specifically discussed for Fe(tri)2 but used by the review as a broader warning about MOF defects and chemical alteration.
8, 050901-5 · II.B. Conducting 3D MOFs
The review notes contactless FP-TRMC as a way to avoid electrode-contact issues in MOF conductivity measurements.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: FP-TRMC measures photoconductive response and does not directly replace all DC device-relevant measurements.
8, 050901-8 · IV. Future outlook
Intrinsically conductive MOFs can show wide conductivity variation because environmental contamination and structural defects strongly affect transport.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The same sensitivity could be beneficial for sensing or stimuli-dependent electronics.
8, 050901-4 · II. MOFs with intrinsic conductivity
Conductivity comparisons require reporting sample morphology, infiltration conditions, atmosphere, contacts and measurement conditions because these variables can dominate values.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is a methodological recommendation, not a primary experimental result.
8, 050901-8 · IV. Future outlook
MOFs are framed as hybrid inorganic-organic crystalline solids that combine long-range order with synthetic tunability, making them attractive electronic nanomaterial platforms.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is the review's framing rather than a direct transport measurement.
8, 050901-1 · I.A. Challenges
Anchored and electropolymerised thiophene oligomers in NU-1000 are interpreted as creating a possible pore-confined conductive pathway while preserving high porosity.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review phrases the pathway as possible rather than conclusive.
8, 050901-6 · III.A. Coordinated cross-linking guests · Fig. 7
MOF porosity can lower mobility by separating conductive fragments, yet that same porosity enables guest molecules that can create extrinsic transport behaviour.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The usefulness of porosity depends on guest-host redox and structural compatibility.
8, 050901-2 · I.A. Challenges
The review presents redox-doped iron-based 3D MOFs as a route to large conductivity modulation while retaining structural features.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Reported enhancements depend on dopant level, contact geometry and sample morphology.
8, 050901-6 · II.B. Conducting 3D MOFs · Figs. 5-6
Single-crystal MOF FET fabrication is highlighted as an innovative device approach, with electrical response tunable by reductive doping.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review does not generalise this fabrication route to all MOFs.
8, 050901-6 · II.B. Conducting 3D MOFs · Fig. 6
For DMF-soaked Fe2(DSBDC), the review concludes that solvent primarily modulates charge density rather than charge mobility.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The mechanism is framed as likely and motivates further metal-centre studies.
8, 050901-7 to 8, 050901-8 · III.B. Solvent-induced MOF conductivity · Fig. 9
For TCNQ-loaded Co-MOF-74, the review reports improved electronic properties but flags uncertainty over whether a continuous conductive pathway is formed.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review explicitly calls for more theoretical and experimental work.
8, 050901-6 · III.A. Coordinated cross-linking guests · Fig. 8
Through-bond conduction in MOFs is favoured by spatial and energetic overlap of metal and ligand orbitals in covalent or coordination-bond chains.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The temperature dependence varies with component coupling strength.
8, 050901-3 · I.C.1. Through-bond charge transport
Through-space conduction is associated with noncovalent interactions, especially pi-pi stacking between redox-active fragments at short interplanar distances.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review cites a threshold from molecular-organic context and a MOF library; individual materials still require primary evidence.
8, 050901-3 · I.C.2. Through-space charge transport
The review identifies lack of charge-facilitating building blocks and porosity-imposed spatial separation as two central reasons many MOFs have poor electrical conductivity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Porosity is also useful because it enables guest incorporation, so the limitation is not purely detrimental.
8, 050901-1 · I.A. Challenges
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secondaryiron-based 3D MOF reported by Xie et al. | Largest known 3D MOF conductivity cited by review | 1 S/m | Redox-doped iron-based MOF differing slightly in organic linker from Fe2(BDP)3. Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-6 · II.B. Conducting 3D MOFs |
| Secondary[Co3(THT)2]3- | Maximum pressed-pellet resistivity | approximately 22.5 Mohm cm | Pressed pellet variable-temperature resistivity; one pellet showed this maximum. Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-4 · II.A. In-plane charge transport in 2D MOFs · Fig. 3 |
| Secondary[Co3(THT)2]3- | Semiconducting-to-metallic transition temperature | below 150 K | Cooling of cobalt-based dithiolene MOF; review links behaviour to defects and monolayer calculations. Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-4 · II.A. In-plane charge transport in 2D MOFs · Fig. 3 |
| SecondaryTCNQ@Co-MOF-74 | Activation energy | 0.24 eV | Temperature-dependent conductivity of TCNQ-infiltrated Co-MOF-74. Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-6 · III.A. Coordinated cross-linking guests · Fig. 8 |
| SecondaryTCNQ@Co-MOF-74 | Optical bandgap decrease | 1.5 eV decrease | TCNQ infiltration into Co-MOF-74. Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-6 · III.A. Coordinated cross-linking guests · Fig. 8 |
| SecondaryFe2(BDP)3 | Conductivity enhancement from reductive doping | five orders of magnitude | Reductive doping with potassium counterion transfer into MOF pores, yielding KxFe2(BDP)3 where 0 < x < 2. Text · Rounded Reported | research_0029 | 8, 050901-6 · II.B. Conducting 3D MOFs · Figs. 5-6 |
| SecondaryFe2(DSBDC) with DMF coordination | Room-temperature conductivity increase | three orders of magnitude | Coordination of N,N-dimethylformamide to open metal sites. Text · Rounded Reported | research_0063 | 8, 050901-7 · III.B. Solvent-induced MOF conductivity · Fig. 9 |
| SecondaryFe(tri)2 | Closed-shell conductivity | on the order of 10-12 S/m | Pure valence closed-shell Fe(II) state before oxidative doping. Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-5 · II.B. Conducting 3D MOFs · Fig. 4; Scheme 1 |
| SecondaryFe(tri)2(BF4)x | Conductivity increase upon oxidation | nine orders of magnitude | Oxidative doping of Fe(tri)2, with BF4- ions transferred into MOF pores. Text · Rounded Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-5 · II.B. Conducting 3D MOFs · Scheme 1 |
| SecondaryFe(tri)2 | Oxidised iron-site fraction affecting conductivity | 2.5% of the iron sites | Partial oxidation while retaining crystallinity, porosity and colour. Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-5 · II.B. Conducting 3D MOFs |
| Secondaryisostructural 3D helical columnar frameworks | Room-temperature conductivity enhancement | two orders of magnitude higher | Shorter interligand stacking distance compared with longer-distance analogues. Text · Rounded Reported | research_0353 | 8, 050901-3 · I.C.2. Through-space charge transport |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | Ohmic conductivity | 40 S cm-1 | Review describes as the record MOF ohmic conductivity at the time. Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-1 · I.A. Challenges |
| SecondaryNU-1000/polythiophene composite | Electronic conductivity | up to 1.3 x 10-7 S cm-1 | Pentathiophene oligomers anchored in NU-1000 and oxidatively electropolymerised. Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-6 · III.A. Coordinated cross-linking guests · Fig. 7 |
| SecondaryNU-1000/polythiophene composite | BET surface area | nearly 1600 m2 g-1 | Composite MOF material after polythiophene anchoring. Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-6 · III.A. Coordinated cross-linking guests · Fig. 7 |
| Secondarynanoscaled MOFs for coatings | Target particle size for device incorporation | less than 200 nm | Proposed standardisation for nanoscaled MOF synthesis and verification by SEM/PXRD. Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-9 · IV. Future outlook |
| Secondaryredox-active MOF molecular fragments | Interplanar distance associated with through-space conduction | less than 3.5 A | General threshold cited for through-space conduction between redox-active fragments fixed by metal-ligand bonds. Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 8, 050901-3 · I.C.2. Through-space charge transport |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
A deeper understanding is needed of how defects affect charge transport, especially planar defects and anisotropy in 2D conductive MOFs and grain boundaries in guest-induced conductive MOFs.
Proposed direction: Combine theoretical investigations with detailed short- and long-range defect characterisation in crystalline parent frameworks.
8, 050901-8 · IV. Future outlook
Incorporation of MOFs into devices remains underdeveloped, particularly coating nanoscaled MOFs onto surfaces and printing them into films.
Proposed direction: Develop inkjet printing and controlled coating routes for sub-200 nm MOF particles, with SEM and PXRD verification.
8, 050901-8 to 8, 050901-9 · IV. Future outlook
Extrinsically conductive MOFs need better reporting of infiltration, concentration, phase, solvent, washing, timing, activation, dopant purity and atmosphere.
Proposed direction: Use explicit experimental reporting templates for guest/dopant introduction and post-treatment conditions.
8, 050901-8 · IV. Future outlook
Methods are still needed to make ultrathin, homogeneous, low-roughness coatings and to control layer ordering and film thickness in 2D conductive MOFs.
Proposed direction: Develop reproducible film-growth protocols that control thickness, roughness and ordering before device fabrication.
8, 050901-5 · II.A. In-plane charge transport in 2D MOFs
For some guest-loaded MOFs, including TCNQ@Co-MOF-74, the continuous conductive pathway and detailed transport mechanism remain uncertain.
Proposed direction: Combine experiments and theory to determine whether guests form continuous pathways, modulate charge density, or alter mobility.
8, 050901-6 · III.A. Coordinated cross-linking guests · Fig. 8
Conductivity values vary with sample form, contacts and measurement conditions, but reporting is not yet standardised enough for robust comparison.
Proposed direction: Report morphology, pellet pressure, contact method, light, temperature, humidity and electrode/sample geometry; use contactless FP-TRMC where contact issues dominate.
8, 050901-8 · IV. Future outlook
The review calls for investigation of other metal centres bound to DMF-like solvent molecules to clarify charge transport pathways between metals and solvents.
Proposed direction: Systematically vary metal centres and coordinating solvents in open-metal-site frameworks.
8, 050901-8 · III.B. Solvent-induced MOF conductivity
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 12014 | Title unavailable | extrinsic_guest_conductivity · HKUST_TCNQ_contextUsed by the review as the precedent for TCNQ-infiltrated HKUST-1 and as a comparison for Co-MOF-74 guest-mediated transport. | research_0088 |
| Ref. 152017 | Title unavailable | extrinsic_guest_conductivity · transport_benchmarkPrimary source used for TCNQ-loaded Co-MOF-74, bandgap decrease, low activation energy and pathway uncertainty. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 212018 | Title unavailable | guest_transport · HKUST_TCNQ_contextCited with Ref. 1 as evidence for guest molecules strongly coordinated to MOFs and for TCNQ-mediated HKUST-1 conductivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 252015 | Title unavailable | 2D_MOF_context · processing_contextCited among prior 2D MOF examples and for Langmuir-Blodgett growth methods. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 272016 | Title unavailable | prior_review · conductivity_challengesCited for broad challenges to electrical conductivity in MOFs and as prior coverage excluded from this perspective. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 282016 | Title unavailable | prior_review · conductivity_challengesCited in the introductory discussion of poor electrical conductivity challenges in MOFs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 292012 | Title unavailable | electronic_structure · conductivity_challengesCited for conductivity limitations and electronic-structure framing in MOFs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 302011 | Title unavailable | prior_review · conductivity_challengesCited for broad electronic MOF conductivity challenges in the introduction. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 322015 | Title unavailable | solvent_induced_conductivity · transport_benchmarkCited in the review's solvent-induced conductivity paragraph for DMF coordination increasing room-temperature conductivity by three orders of magnitude. | research_0063 |
| Ref. 342010 | Title unavailable | through_bond_transport · redox_active_frameworksCited for through-bond transport observed in MOFs with redox-active linkers and metal ions. | research_0203 |
| Ref. 352015 | Title unavailable | 2D_MOF_context · intrinsic_conductivityCited among known intrinsically conducting and 2D MOF examples before the review's recent focus. | research_0002 |
| Ref. 362014 | Title unavailable | intrinsic_conductivity · transport_benchmarkSource for the review's statement that Ni3(HITP)2 held the record MOF ohmic conductivity of 40 S cm-1. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 452015 | Title unavailable | through_bond_transport · redox_active_frameworksCited with Ref. 34 as evidence for through-bond transport in MOFs with redox-active linkers and metal ions. | research_0186 |
| Ref. 482019 | Title unavailable | through_space_transport · pi_stacking_contextCited for through-space conduction through noncovalent pi-pi interactions. | research_0048 |
| Ref. 492013 | Title unavailable | through_space_transport · distance_benchmarkCited for the less-than-3.5-A interplanar distance criterion used in the review's through-space transport description. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 502015 | Title unavailable | through_space_transport · transport_benchmarkCited for the review's statement that shorter interligand stacking distance gave two orders of magnitude higher room-temperature conductivity. | research_0353 |
| Ref. 572017 | Title unavailable | intrinsic_conductivity · 2D_MOF · transport_benchmarkPrimary source for the cobalt dithiolene 2D MOF, metallic transition, film/pellet resistivity variation and Fig. 3. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 582019 | Title unavailable | intrinsic_conductivity · 2D_MOF · oxidation_effectCited for the iron analogue of Co3(THT)2 and its environmentally dependent transition from metallic to semiconducting behaviour. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 612018 | Title unavailable | intrinsic_conductivity · redox_doping · transport_benchmarkPrimary source for oxidatively doped Fe(tri)2, nine-order conductivity increase, low closed-shell conductivity and oxidation sensitivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 622018 | Title unavailable | intrinsic_conductivity · redox_doping · devicePrimary source for Fe2(BDP)3 redox doping, conductive iron chains, single-crystal MOF FETs and Fig. 5-6. | research_0029 |
| Ref. 632018 | Title unavailable | intrinsic_conductivity · redox_doping · transport_benchmarkCited for an iron-based MOF where redox doping varied conductivity by over five orders and reached 1 S/m. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 642017 | Title unavailable | extrinsic_conductivity · polymer_composite · transport_benchmarkPrimary source for NU-1000 modified by SALI and oxidative electropolymerisation of thiophene oligomers. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 662018 | Title unavailable | extrinsic_guest_conductivity · NU_901Cited for NU-901 rendered electronically conductive by physically encapsulating C60. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 672018 | Title unavailable | solvent_induced_conductivity · figure_sourceSource for Fig. 9 and the solvent-induced coordination/evacuation conductivity comparison in Fe2(DSBDC). | Unmapped |
| Ref. 702016 | Title unavailable | defect_understanding · computational_contextCited for DFT predictions that 2D Ni3(HITP)2 frameworks are metallic in bulk but semiconducting as a monolayer. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 712018 | Title unavailable | defect_understanding · computational_contextCited for pillaring Cr3(HITP)2 sheets with bipyridine to minimise interlayer interactions and favour semiconducting behaviour. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 762012 | Title unavailable | measurement_method · FP_TRMCCited as part of the review's recommendation that FP-TRMC can avoid electrode-contact issues. | research_0030 |
| Ref. 772014 | Title unavailable | measurement_method · FP_TRMCCited in the outlook's contactless conductivity-measurement discussion. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 782016 | Title unavailable | device_integration · surface_depositionCited among surface-deposition literature in the outlook before noting that inkjet printing nanoscaled MOFs into films remains underexplored. | Unmapped |