Framing Function: Metallophthalocyanine-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Multifunctional Materials for Electrified Devices

8review sections

5material families

12review claims

16secondary benchmarks

25cited studies

7research gaps

Review scope

Summarises the development of metallophthalocyanine-based two-dimensional conductive MOFs and interprets how MPc core metals, metal nodes, heteroatomic linkers, stacking and processability affect electronic/device performance.

Coverage: 1934–2025
Category: Review Transport Physics
Material scope: metallophthalocyanine-based two-dimensional conductive MOFs · M1Pc-XH-M2 bimetallic frameworks · bis(dioxolene), bis(diimine) and bis(dithiolene) linked MPc MOFs · MPc MOF thin films and device-integrated materials
Transport scope: intrinsic electrical conductivity · p-type semiconducting behaviour · through-space charge transport controlled by interlayer stacking · electronic structure modulation by M1 and M2 metals · electrochemical and chemiresistive device response

Application scope: chemiresistive sensing · electrocatalysis · energy storage · magnetoresistive and spintronic devices
Explicit exclusions: full primary synthetic recipes · exhaustive extraction of every Table 1 value · non-MPc 2D conductive MOFs except as historical context
Source: 165 · Conspectus
Evidence role: Context, taxonomy and secondary benchmarking

Section map

The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.

Conspectus

165

Frames MPc-based MOFs as modular 2D conductive frameworks whose bimetallic composition, surface chemistry and stacking properties create device-relevant functionality.

Relevance: Core · 165 · Conspectus

3.2. Electrocatalysts

172-173

Connects programmable active sites and intrinsic conductivity to Faradaic selectivity, current density and electrocatalytic reaction kinetics.

Relevance: Supporting · 172 · 3.2. Electrocatalysts · Figure 6

3.3. Energy Storage Applications

173-174

Summarises supercapacitor and battery studies where redox-active MPc units, conductive frameworks and interlayer access govern storage performance.

Relevance: Supporting · 173 · 3.3. Energy Storage Applications · Figure 7

1. Introduction

165-167

Defines conductive 2D MOFs, traces linker development, and positions MPc ligands as C4-symmetric, electronically and magnetically versatile linkers.

Relevance: Core · 165 · 1. Introduction · Figure 1

3.4. Magnetic Device Applications for MPc-Based MOFs

174-175

Describes predicted and demonstrated magnetic/spintronic behaviour, including d-p orbital hybridisation, interlayer coupling and organic spin valves.

Relevance: Supporting · 175 · 3.4. Magnetic Device Applications for MPc-Based MOFs · Figure 9

4. Conclusions and Outlook

175-176

Identifies three main needs: solved structures/stacking modes, reproducible synthesis/reporting, and improved processability/device integration.

Relevance: Core · 175 · 4. Conclusions and Outlook

3.1. Chemiresistive Sensing

170-172

Reviews gas-sensing examples where MPc MOF conductivity, surface chemistry and host-guest charge transfer enable low-voltage chemiresistive responses.

Relevance: Core · 170 · 3.1. Chemiresistive Sensing · Figure 4

2. Structure-Property Relationships of MPc-Based MOFs

167-170

Organises the review around three modular levers: MPc core metal, metal-node identity and heteroatomic cross-linker, with emphasis on electronic structure, crystallinity, stacking and conductivity.

Relevance: Core · 167 · 2. Structure-Property Relationships of MPc-Based MOFs · Table 1

Taxonomies

Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.

Device ContextAuthor-proposed

Electrified-device application classes

The review organises application evidence around four device domains where conductivity, porosity and chemical modularity are exploited.

Categories: chemical sensing · electrocatalysis · energy storage · magnetism and spintronics

167 · 1. Introduction

Metal-Linker Bonding MotifAuthor-proposed

Heteroatomic cross-linker classes

The Account compares oxygen, imine and sulphur-containing cross-linkers as routes for tuning in-plane orbital overlap, redox activity and catalytic behaviour.

Categories: metal bis(dioxolene) · metal bis(diimine) · metal bis(dithiolene)

170 · 2.3. The Role of Heteroatomic Linkers

Historical Material-Family DevelopmentAuthor-proposed

2D conductive MOF linker roadmap

Figure 1 places MPc-XH linkers within a broader chronological expansion of organic linkers used for 2D conductive MOFs.

Categories: triphenylene and benzene linkers · extended aromatic frameworks · heteroatomic cross-linker variants · MPc-XH linkers

166 · 1. Introduction · Figure 1

Chemical StructureAuthor-proposed

M1Pc-XH-M2 modular framework variables

The review's central taxonomy expresses MPc MOFs as bimetallic frameworks where core metal, node metal and linker heteroatom can be varied independently to tune properties.

Categories: M1 phthalocyanine core metal · M2 metal node · XH heteroatomic cross-linker

167 · 1. Introduction · Figure 2

Structure And Charge-Transport GeometryAuthor-proposed

Interlayer stacking modes

The review distinguishes stacking modes because eclipsed versus inclined interlayers alter orbital overlap and therefore through-space charge transport.

Categories: AA-eclipsed stacking · AA-inclined stacking

169 · 2.2. Impact of the M2 Metal · Figure 3

Material families

Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.

CuPc-O-M frameworks

2D Layered

Copper phthalocyanine MOFs linked by oxygen-containing metal bis(dioxolene) nodes.

Conduction: Used by the review to illustrate M2-dependent crystallinity, stacking and through-space transport.

Representative materials: CuPc-O-Ni · CuPc-O-Cu · CuPc-O-Zn

Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · Zn · CuPc · bis(dioxolene)

169 · 2.2. Impact of the M2 Metal · Figure 3

M1Pc-XH-M2 MPc-based MOFs

2D Layered Conductive Framework

Two-dimensional conductive MOFs assembled from a metallophthalocyanine linker with a tunable core metal, heteroatomic cross-linker and metal node.

Conduction: Reported as electrically conductive, often p-type semiconducting, with conductivity sensitive to metal identity and interlayer stacking.

Representative materials: NiPc-O-Cu · CuPc-O-Zn · CoPc-NH-Cu · NiPc-S-Ni

Nodes / linkers: Fe · Co · Ni · Cu · Zn · metallophthalocyanines · bis(dioxolene) · bis(diimine) · bis(dithiolene)

167 · 1. Introduction · Table 1

MPc-NH-M frameworks

2D Layered

MPc MOFs with metal bis(diimine) linkages or amine-functionalised phthalocyanine connectivity.

Conduction: Reviewed as a tunable family for charge transport, sensing, electrocatalysis and energy storage.

Representative materials: NiPc-NH-Ni · CuPc-NH-Ni · CoPc-NH-Cu

Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · Co · octaaminophthalocyanines · bis(diimine)

168 · Table 1 · Table 1

NiPc-O-M chemiresistive frameworks

2D Layered And Thin-Film Capable

Nickel phthalocyanine MOFs with oxygen-linked metal nodes used as early MPc-based conductive gas sensors.

Conduction: Electrical conductivity enables chemiresistive transduction through gas-induced charge-transfer interactions.

Representative materials: NiPc-O-Cu · NiPc-O-Ni

Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ni · NiPc · bis(dioxolene)

170 · 3.1. Chemiresistive Sensing · Figure 4

MPc-S-M bis(dithiolene) frameworks

2D Conjugated Framework

Sulphur-linked MPc MOFs incorporating metal bis(dithiolene) moieties.

Conduction: Discussed as promising but less fundamentally resolved than dioxolene and diimine analogues.

Representative materials: Ni2[CuPcS8] · Co2[NiPcS8] · Ni2[NiPcS8]

Nodes / linkers: Co · Ni · Cu · octathiolphthalocyaninato linkers · bis(dithiolene)

170 · 2.3. The Role of Heteroatomic Linkers

Synthesis strategies

Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.

Heteroatomic cross-linker tuning

Vary O, NH or S cross-linking motifs to tune orbital overlap with the metal node, redox activity and catalytic or magnetic response.

Claimed effects: Cross-linkers mainly function by tuning in-plane orbital overlap with the M2 node and can alter electroactive-site availability.

Controlling variables: cross-linker heteroatom · metal bis(dioxolene) versus bis(diimine) connectivity · metal bis(dithiolene) connectivity

Representative materials: CoPc-O-Cu · NiPc-O-Cu · CoPc-NH-Cu · NiPc-NH-Cu

Caveat: The review says bis(dithiolene)-linked MPc MOF structure-property relationships remain largely unexplored.

170 · 2.3. The Role of Heteroatomic Linkers

MOF-grade MPc monomer synthesis

Prepare pure functionalised MPc monomers before MOF assembly, most commonly through tetramerisation and deprotection of functionalised phthalonitriles.

Claimed effects: Pure monomer is presented as essential for coordination-driven assembly into crystalline MPc MOF domains.

Controlling variables: phthalonitrile purification · tetramerisation temperature · metal nanoparticle suppression · monomer impurity control

Representative materials: MPc-XH-M2 frameworks

Caveat: The strategy is successful at laboratory scale but difficult because of purification and impurity risks.

167 · 2.1. Impact of the M1 Metal

M2 metal-node substitution

Substitute the linking metal node while holding the MPc linker family constant to study node effects on formation, crystallinity, stacking and conductivity.

Claimed effects: M2 substitution can tune formation rate, stacking mode and charge-transport behaviour.

Controlling variables: M2 metal identity · reaction-condition optimisation · crystallinity normalisation

Representative materials: CuPc-O-Ni · CuPc-O-Cu · CuPc-O-Zn

Caveat: Fair comparisons are difficult when different nodes create different crystallinity or grain sizes.

169 · 2.2. Impact of the M2 Metal

Iterative MOF crystallisation control

Tune solvent composition, water addition, base, reaction temperature and reaction time to optimise MPc MOF crystal growth.

Claimed effects: Precise synthetic control governs the quality, crystallinity and reproducibility of MPc-based MOFs.

Controlling variables: solvent composition · water content · basic modulator · reaction temperature · reaction time

Representative materials: NiPc-O-Cu · CuPc-O-Zn · CuPc-O-Ni

Caveat: Optimisation may need to be material-specific, limiting direct cross-material comparisons.

167 · 2.1. Impact of the M1 Metal

Thin-film and device integration

Use thin-film fabrication, layer-by-layer assembly, composites or substrate integration to move insoluble MPc MOFs into electrical devices.

Claimed effects: Device integration enables chemiresistors, spin valves, capacitors and batteries but remains a processability bottleneck.

Controlling variables: film growth method · layer orientation · substrate compatibility · composite formulation

Representative materials: NiPc-CoTAA · MPc-O-Cu spin-valve films · CuPc-NH-M on carbon cloth

Caveat: The review states that insolubility makes MPc MOFs less facile for device integration than molecular MPcs.

176 · 4. Conclusions and Outlook

Review claims

These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.

DescriptiveHigh supportDefinition Scope

Conductive 2D MOFs are defined as atomically ordered, intrinsically porous planar networks whose metal-linker coordination produces periodicity, crystallinity, porosity, charge delocalisation and intrinsic conductivity.

Evidence basis: review_reasoning

Caveat: This is the review's framing definition, not a universal quantitative criterion.

165 · 1. Introduction

DescriptiveMedium supportTransport Mechanism

For MPc-MOF chemiresistors, the review attributes sensor response to charge-transfer interactions between gaseous analytes and the conductive MOF.

Evidence basis: single_reference

Caveat: Mechanistic support is from spectroscopic studies in selected sensing materials.

170 · 3.1. Chemiresistive Sensing · Figure 4

Author InterpretationMedium supportApplication Relevance

MPc-based MOFs are described as electrocatalyst platforms because modular active sites control selectivity while intrinsic conductivity supports current density without added conductive fillers.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: Performance still depends on stability under guests and electrolyte species.

172 · 3.2. Electrocatalysts · Figure 6

Consensus SummaryMedium supportApplication Relevance

For energy storage, the review emphasises redox-active MPc and metal-node sites as structural advantages for charge storage in capacitors and batteries.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: The review calls for future work on guest diffusion to interlayer active sites.

174 · 3.3. Energy Storage Applications

Author InterpretationMedium supportStructure Property Link

Heteroatomic cross-linkers are interpreted mainly as a handle for tuning in-plane orbital overlap with M2 metal nodes, redox activity and electroactive-site availability.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: The review explicitly says metal bis(dithiolene)-linked MPc MOF structure-property studies remain limited.

170 · 2.3. The Role of Heteroatomic Linkers

DescriptiveMedium supportStructure Property Link

The MPc core metal M1 can dominate the optical band gap and electronic structure, particularly through LUMO-level shifts.

Evidence basis: single_reference

Caveat: The cited comparison is for Co, Ni and Cu combinations in one octaaminophthalocyanine-based study.

167 · 2.1. Impact of the M1 Metal

Author InterpretationHigh supportTransport Mechanism

M2 metal-node identity affects formation, crystallinity and stacking; Zn-linked CuPc-O-Zn shows that higher crystallinity can coincide with lower conductivity when inclined stacking reduces through-space orbital overlap.

Evidence basis: single_reference

Caveat: The mechanism is rationalised from PXRD, HR-TEM, spectroscopy and conductivity comparisons, not from a solved single-crystal structure.

170 · 2.2. Impact of the M2 Metal · Figure 3

Author InterpretationMedium supportApplication Relevance

The review concludes that MPc-based MOFs show magnetic and spintronic promise, but more fundamental insight is needed into how structure and metal-ion modularity control magnetic properties.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: Several claims are computational or low-temperature device demonstrations rather than broad room-temperature device proof.

175 · 3.4. Magnetic Device Applications

Author InterpretationMedium supportMaterial Comparison

MPc ligands are presented as a privileged linker class because they combine extended aromaticity, an integrated metal centre and C4 symmetry that can support square-network and Lieb-lattice concepts.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: The review notes that designed materials exhibiting Lieb lattice architectures remain limited.

166 · 1. Introduction · Figure 2

Consensus SummaryMedium supportApplication Relevance

The review presents M2-node tuning, pore-structure extension, surface chemistry and M1 electronic tuning as routes to improve sensitivity and selectivity in MPc-MOF chemiresistors.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: Most examples remain device-specific rather than a general predictive design rule.

172 · 3.1. Chemiresistive Sensing

Author InterpretationHigh supportCaveat

The review treats unsolved crystal structures and uncertain stacking as a central limitation for transport interpretation and device integration.

Evidence basis: review_reasoning

Caveat: The suggested advanced characterisation techniques are proposed directions rather than demonstrated solutions for this class.

175 · 4. Conclusions and Outlook

Author InterpretationHigh supportCaveat

Despite many reported MPc-XH-M variants, the review argues that causal links between chemical modulation and structure-function-performance remain incompletely known.

Evidence basis: review_reasoning

Caveat: This is an assessment of field maturity rather than a single experimental result.

167 · 1. Introduction

Secondary benchmarks

Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.

Material	Property	Reported value	Context and quality	Primary evidence	Review source
SecondaryMPc-XH-Cu MOFs	CO2RR current density	-9.5 mA cm^-2	CO2 reduction reaction; review text summarising conductive MPc MOF performance Text · Exact Reported	No verified corpus mapping	172 · 3.2. Electrocatalysts · Figure 6
SecondaryCoPc-NH-Ni	electrical conductivity	2.1 x 10^-2 S/m (4-pt probe)	4-point probe; value listed by review table Table · Exact Reported	research_0337	168 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryCoPc-O-Cu	carbon monoxide limit of detection	530 ppb	Chemiresistive CO detection using a conductive MOF; review text Text · Exact Reported	No verified corpus mapping	171 · 3.1. Chemiresistive Sensing · Figure 5
SecondaryCoPc-O-Mn	Li-CO2 battery round-trip efficiency	98.5%	Light-assisted Li-CO2 battery; review text Text · Exact Reported	No verified corpus mapping	174 · 3.3. Energy Storage Applications · Figure 8
SecondaryCoPc-O-Mn	Li-CO2 battery voltage hysteresis	0.05 V	Light-assisted Li-CO2 battery; review text Text · Exact Reported	No verified corpus mapping	174 · 3.3. Energy Storage Applications · Figure 8
SecondaryNi2[CuPc(NH)8]/graphene hybrids	areal capacitance	18.9 mF cm^-2	Capacitor devices; review text Text · Exact Reported	No verified corpus mapping	174 · 3.3. Energy Storage Applications · Figure 7
SecondaryNi2[CuPc(NH)8]/graphene hybrids	capacitance retention	91.4% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles	Capacitor cycling stability; review text Text · Exact Reported	No verified corpus mapping	174 · 3.3. Energy Storage Applications · Figure 7
SecondaryCuPc-O-Cu	electrical conductivity	9.3 S/m (4-pt probe)	4-point probe; value listed by review table Table · Exact Reported	research_0014	168 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryCuPc-O-Ni	electrical conductivity	4.6 S/m (4-pt probe)	4-point probe; value listed by review table Table · Exact Reported	research_0014	168 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryCuPc-O-Zn	electrical conductivity	2.9 S/m (4-pt probe)	4-point probe; value listed by review table Table · Exact Reported	research_0014	168 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryNi2[CuPcS8]	specific capacitance	312 F g^-1	Nonaqueous electrolyte, 1 M TEABF4/acetonitrile; review text Text · Exact Reported	No verified corpus mapping	174 · 3.3. Energy Storage Applications
SecondaryNiPc-NH-Cu	electrical conductivity	1.73 S/m (4-pt probe)	4-point probe; value listed by review table Table · Exact Reported	research_0337	168 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryNiPc-NH-Ni	electrical conductivity	5.43 S/m (4-pt probe)	4-point probe; value listed by review table Table · Exact Reported	research_0337	168 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryNiPc-O-Cu	electrical conductivity	6.6 x 10^-2 S/m (4-pt probe)	4-point probe; value listed by review table Table · Exact Reported	research_0550	168 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryNiPc-O-Cu and NiPc-O-Ni	chemiresistive detection limits	NO, H2S, and NH3 LODs of 1.0, 19, and 310 ppb	Review text summarises gas sensing limits of detection for the first MPc-based MOF chemiresistors Text · Exact Reported	No verified corpus mapping	170 · 3.1. Chemiresistive Sensing · Figure 4
SecondaryMPc-O-Cu thin-film spin valves	magnetoresistance	-22% at 50 K	Organic spin-valve devices at 50 K; review text Text · Exact Reported	research_0550	175 · 3.4. Magnetic Device Applications · Figure 9

Research gaps

Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.

Sulphur-linked MPc MOF fundamentals

Medium

Metal bis(dithiolene)-linked MPc MOFs have energy-storage and catalysis reports, but their fundamental structure-property relationships remain limited.

Proposed direction: Compare bis(dithiolene) frameworks systematically with bis(dioxolene) and bis(diimine) analogues for orbital overlap, conductivity and stability.

170 · 2.3. The Role of Heteroatomic Linkers

Guest diffusion in energy storage

Medium

The role of guest molecule diffusion to interlayer active sites is unresolved in energy-storage applications.

Proposed direction: Probe interlayer guest transport and active-site accessibility under electrochemical cycling.

174 · 3.3. Energy Storage Applications

Magnetic structure-property mechanisms

Medium

Magnetic and spintronic demonstrations exist, but the relationship between structural modularity, metal-ion choice and magnetic properties remains underdeveloped.

Proposed direction: Systematically vary M1, M2 and stacking while measuring magnetic exchange and magnetoresistance.

175 · 3.4. Magnetic Device Applications

Processability and device integration

High

MPc-based MOFs are insoluble and less facile for device integration than molecular MPcs, limiting broader applications.

Proposed direction: Develop ball-milled polymeric mixes, composites, in situ thin-film deposition/growth and self-assembly onto textiles.

176 · 4. Conclusions and Outlook

Crystal structures and stacking

High

Reliable solved structures and stacking assignments are lacking for MPc-based MOFs, limiting interpretation of charge transport and guest accessibility.

Proposed direction: Apply single-crystal XRD where possible, pair/radial distribution function analysis, atomic-resolution TEM/STEM and MicroED to validate 2D order and stacking.

175 · 4. Conclusions and Outlook

Synthetic repeatability and reporting standards

High

MPc monomer and MOF procedures are often insufficiently described for reproducible cross-laboratory comparison.

Proposed direction: Report full synthetic details and characterisation including NMR, elemental analysis, PXRD and SEM, and stabilise reporting of crystallinity, 4-point conductivity and BET surface area.

176 · 4. Conclusions and Outlook

Through-space transport mechanism

High

The review identifies stacking as critical for electronic properties, but current structural evidence does not fully resolve long-range order or interlayer arrangement.

Proposed direction: Directly connect validated stacking modes to conductivity, guest accessibility and electrochemical/device response.

175 · 4. Conclusions and Outlook

Cited-study map

Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.

Show 25 cited-study records

Reference	Study	Role and context	Corpus mapping
Ref. 12019	Single Crystals of Electrically Conductive 2D MOFs: Structural and Electrical Transport Properties	definition · transport_contextUsed by the review to support the defining traits of conductive 2D MOFs.	research_0005
Ref. 82019	Welding Metallophthalocyanines into Bimetallic Molecular Meshes for Ultrasensitive, Low-Power Chemiresistive Detection of Gases	sensing_benchmark · structure_propertyCited for early MPc-based MOF chemiresistors, gas LODs and charge-transfer sensing mechanism.	Unmapped
Ref. 122021	Conductive Metallophthalocyanine Framework Films with High Carrier Mobility as Efficient Chemiresistors	thin_film · sensingUsed for a CoTAA-linked MPc framework film chemiresistor and NO2 selectivity discussion.	Unmapped
Ref. 182020	Molecular Engineering of Multifunctional Metallophthalocyanine-Containing Framework Materials	review_context · mpc_propertiesCited as prior review context for MPc molecular engineering and emergent function.	Unmapped
Ref. 192017	Experimental Realization and Characterization of an Electronic Lieb Lattice	electronic_structure_context · lieb_latticeUsed to contextualise Lieb lattices and potential quantum states relevant to C4 MPc MOF topology.	Unmapped
Ref. 202020	Realization of Lieb Lattice in Covalent-Organic Frameworks with Tunable Topology and Magnetism	electronic_structure_context · lieb_latticeSupports the review's claim that Lieb lattices can produce interesting magnetic and quantum states.	Unmapped
Ref. 212018	A Novel Two-Dimensional Nickel Phthalocyanine-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Highly Efficient Water Oxidation Catalysis	historical_development · electrocatalysisIdentified by the review as the first MOF synthesised from MPc ligands.	Unmapped
Ref. 232025	Tuning the Structure-Property Relationships of Metallophthalocyanine-Based Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks with Different Metal Linkages	transport_benchmark · stacking · structure_propertyCentral cited study for CuPc-O-M node comparison, conductivity values, stacking interpretation and through-space transport claim.	research_0014
Ref. 242019	A Semiconducting Layered Metal-Organic Framework Magnet	magnetism · electronic_structureUsed for experimental magnetic properties of an iron-containing MPc MOF.	research_0267
Ref. 252022	Bimetallic Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Chemiresistive Detection of Carbon Monoxide	sensing_benchmark · host_guestCited for CO detection, reversible response under humidified air and M1-mediated electronic tuning.	Unmapped
Ref. 262025	Metal-Phthalocyanine-Based Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Glycerol Oxidation Reaction	electrocatalysis · bis_dithioleneUsed for glycerol oxidation and sulphur-linked MPc MOF electrocatalysis.	Unmapped
Ref. 272020	Hierarchical Tuning of the Performance of Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Conductive Two-Dimensional Metallophthalocyanine Based Metal-Organic Frameworks	electrocatalysis · transport_benchmark · cross_linkerCited for CO2RR, cross-linker/M1 tuning, redox activity and current-density benchmark.	Unmapped
Ref. 292023	Largely Pseudocapacitive Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework Anodes with Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital Localized in Nickel-Bis(Dithiolene) Linkages	energy_storage · bis_dithioleneCited for nonaqueous pseudocapacitive performance of a sulphur-linked CuPc MOF.	Unmapped
Ref. 312024	Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Reinforced Spinterface in Organic Spin Valves	spintronics · magnetoresistance · thin_filmCited for MPc-O-Cu thin-film spin valves, magnetoresistance and organic spinterface behaviour.	research_0550
Ref. 342021	Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Metal-Organic Framework with Dual Active Sites	electrocatalysis · dual_active_sitesCited for CO2 electroreduction to ethylene and the CuPc/CuO4 dual-site interpretation.	Unmapped
Ref. 372019	A Phthalocyanine-Based Layered Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction	electrocatalysis · oxygen_reductionUsed for ORR activity in a Co-node CuPc framework and active-site assignment to M2 nodes.	Unmapped
Ref. 392021	Dual-Redox-Sites Enable Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks with Large Pseudocapacitance and Wide Potential Window	energy_storage · redox_sitesCited for supercapacitor performance and dual redox-site charge-storage interpretation.	Unmapped
Ref. 402021	Surface-Modified Phthalocyanine-Based Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework Films for Polarity-Selective Chemiresistive Sensing	sensing · surface_modification · thin_filmUsed for silane surface modification and polarity-selective chemiresistive sensing.	Unmapped
Ref. 412023	Effects of Transition Metals on Metal-Octaaminophthalocyanine-Based 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks	transport_benchmark · electronic_structure · m1_m2_comparisonCited for transition-metal effects on band gap, LUMO levels, MOF formation rate and conductivity table values.	research_0337
Ref. 442021	Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks with Dual Metal Sites toward the Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction	electrocatalysis · oxygen_evolutionUsed for OER studies varying both MPc centre and metal node.	research_0483
Ref. 452022	Phthalocyanine Based Metal-Organic Framework Ultrathin Nanosheet for Efficient Photocathode toward Light-Assisted Li-CO2 Battery	energy_storage · battery · photocathodeCited for light-assisted Li-CO2 battery performance using a CoPc-O-Mn MOF.	Unmapped
Ref. 472017	High Temperature Ferromagnetism in pi-Conjugated Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks	magnetism · cross_linker · theoryUsed for computed planarity, orbital overlap and ferromagnetic behaviour in MPc-linked frameworks.	Unmapped
Ref. 502014	Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Structural Transformations of Porous Coordination Polymers	characterisation · outlookUsed as precedent for applying advanced structural characterisation to layered framework materials.	Unmapped
Ref. 512014	High-Resolution Structure Determination by Continuous-Rotation Data Collection in MicroED	characterisation · outlookCited to support MicroED as a structural method that may be extended to MPc-based MOFs.	Unmapped
Ref. 522024	How Reproducible Is the Synthesis of Zr-Porphyrin Metal-Organic Frameworks? An Interlaboratory Study	reproducibility · reporting_guidelines · outlookCited in the outlook for reporting standards and reproducibility lessons relevant to MPc-based MOFs.	Unmapped