Synthesis · Wet-Adhesive On-Skin Sensors Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks for Wireless Monitoring of Metabolites in Sweat

7 structured synthesis routes

Completeness describes how fully the route could be reconstructed from the main article and supporting information.

Partial recipeSource: SI

Route 1: Other

S2 · Sensor Fabrication and Preparation · Figure S1-S2

Linker precursorsCommercial bacterial nanocellulose gel (10 g)

SolventsDI water (150 mL)

AdditivesPolyvinylidene fluoride filter membrane used for filtration support

AtmosphereAmbient air during drying; not otherwise specified

Temperature60 drying

Time5 min ultrasonication; drying time not specified

Substrate orientationVacuum filtration through PVDF filter membrane

Work-upBNC membrane dried on filter paper and peeled off from the filter membrane.

ActivationNone reported

Scalability contextFacile vacuum filtration; final membrane thickness shown as about 15 um.

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	commercial BNC gel	10 g	S2 · Sensor Fabrication and Preparation · Figure S1-S2
Solvent	DI water	150 mL	S2 · Sensor Fabrication and Preparation · Figure S1-S2
Other	polyvinylidene fluoride filter membrane	Not specified	S2 · Sensor Fabrication and Preparation · Figure S1-S2

Complete recipeSource: SI

Route 2: Solvothermal

S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs

Metal precursorsCopper acetate (6.4 mg)

Linker precursorsHHTP (5.2 mg)

SolventsMethanol (4.5 mL); DI water and acetone for washing; acetone for solvent exchange

AtmosphereSealed glass bottle; gas atmosphere not specified

Temperature65 reaction; 80 solvent removal

Time24 reaction; acetone exchange for one week; overnight heating

Substrate orientationNone; powder synthesis

Work-upWashed several times with DI water and acetone; activated by acetone solvent exchange refreshed three times for one week.

ActivationHeated overnight at 80 C to remove solvent.

Scalability context10 mL sealed glass bottle; no yield reported.

Show 5 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	copper acetate	6.4 mg	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs
Linker	HHTP	5.2 mg	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs
Solvent	methanol	4.5 mL	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs
Solvent	DI water	wash several times	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs
Solvent	acetone	wash and solvent exchange	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs

Complete recipeSource: SI

Route 3: Drop Cast

S2 · Sensor Fabrication and Preparation · Figure S4-S5

Metal precursorsPrepared Ni3HHTP2 MOF powder (2 mg)

Linker precursorsHHTP already incorporated in Ni3HHTP2

SolventsPBS solution; Nafion solution supplied in lower aliphatic alcohols and water

AdditivesNafion solution, 10 vol% relative to PBS; 5% Nafion stock

AtmosphereNatural drying atmosphere not specified

TemperatureRoom temperature drying implied

TimeAt least 6 h ultrasonication; dried overnight

Substrate orientationDrop-cast onto Au working electrode on BNC membrane

Work-upMOF/PBS/Nafion dispersion ultrasonicated to homogeneity; total 10 uL added as four 2.5 uL additions.

ActivationNaturally dried overnight on the working electrode.

Scalability contextSmall-area electrode; main text reports working electrode area d = 3 mm, S = 0.070 cm2.

Show 4 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	prepared MOFs	2 mg	S2 · Sensor Fabrication and Preparation · Figure S4-S5
Electrolyte	phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution	10% volume ratio between Nafion and PBS	S2 · Sensor Fabrication and Preparation · Figure S4-S5
Additive	Nafion solution	5% stock; 10% in PBS mixture	S2 · Sensor Fabrication and Preparation · Figure S4-S5
Solvent	lower aliphatic alcohols and water	in Nafion stock	S2 · Sensor Fabrication and Preparation · Figure S4-S5

Complete recipeSource: SI

Route 4: Other

S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs

Metal precursorsNi(OAc)2*4H2O (456 mg)

Linker precursorsHHTP (200 mg)

SolventsDI water (28 mL); acetone for washing/solvent exchange

AtmosphereNot specified

Temperature85 reaction; 80 vacuum activation

Time24 reaction; acetone exchange for one week; overnight vacuum heating

Substrate orientationNone; powder synthesis

Work-upWashed several times with DI water and acetone; solvent exchange with acetone refreshed three times for one week.

ActivationHeated under vacuum at 80 C overnight to remove solvent.

Scalability context100 mL round-bottom flask, stirred at 600 rpm; no yield reported.

Show 4 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	*Ni(OAc)24H2O**	456 mg	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs
Linker	HHTP	200 mg	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs
Solvent	DI water	28 mL	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs
Solvent	acetone	refreshed three times for one week	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs

Partial recipeSource: SI

Route 5: Other

S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs

Metal precursorsNi(OAc)2 (3.383 mg)

Linker precursorsHITP (40.526 mg)

SolventsDI water (10 mL + 5 mL); acetone for washing

AdditivesAmmonium hydroxide (30%, 300 uL)

AtmosphereNot specified

Temperature85

Time24

Substrate orientationNone; powder synthesis

Oxidant / reductantAmmonium hydroxide base additive

Work-upProduct washed several times with DI water and acetone.

ActivationNot reported for Ni3HITP2 beyond washing.

Scalability contextHot oil bath at 600 rpm; no yield reported.

Show 5 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Ni(OAc)2	3.383 mg	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs
Linker	HITP	40.526 mg	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs
Base	ammonium hydroxide	300 uL · 30%	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs
Solvent	DI water	10 mL + 5 mL	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs
Solvent	acetone	wash several times	S3 · Synthesis of cMOFs

Partial recipeSource: SI

Route 6: Other

S6-S7 · The process of connecting enameled wire · Figure S21

Metal precursorsEnameled Cu wires, 0.04 mm diameter

AdditivesAnisotropic conductive film adhesive (3M Film 9703), 50 um adhesive thickness; cellulose fixing film

AtmosphereNot specified

Substrate orientationCu wires connected to tattoo sensor with z-axis conductive ACF

Work-upACF and enameled wire fixed with an appropriately sized cellulose film.

ActivationNone reported

Scalability contextUsed for wireless on-body sweat measurement connection.

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	enameled Cu wires	0.04 mm diameter	S6-S7 · The process of connecting enameled wire · Figure S21
Additive	anisotropic conductive film adhesive	3M Film 9703; 50 um adhesive thickness	S6-S7 · The process of connecting enameled wire · Figure S21
Other	cellulose film	appropriately sized	S6-S7 · The process of connecting enameled wire · Figure S21

Partial recipeSource: Both

Route 7: Other

2 · Results and Discussions · Figure 1b

Metal precursorsCr and Au evaporated layers; commercial Ag/AgCl conductive ink

AdditivesEcoflex insulation described in main text for encapsulation

AtmosphereThermal evaporation atmosphere not specified

TimeAg/AgCl ink dried overnight

Substrate orientationCr/Au evaporated on BNC membrane through a metal shadow mask

Work-upAg/AgCl conductive ink dropped onto the specified Au electrode area and dried overnight.

ActivationNone reported

Scalability contextPatterned Cr (5 nm)/Au (75 nm) electrode enables two WEs, one CE, and one RE on a BNC membrane.

Show 4 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Cr	5 nm layer	2 · Results and Discussions · Figure 1b
Metal Source	Au	75 nm layer	2 · Results and Discussions · Figure 1b
Other	Ag/AgCl conductive ink	60/40	2 · Results and Discussions · Figure 1b
Other	Ecoflex	encapsulation layer	2 · Results and Discussions · Figure 1b