Synthesis · Quantum Effects Allow the Construction of Two-Dimensional Co3O4-Embedded Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheet Arrays from Bimetallic MOFs as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts

7 structured synthesis routes

Completeness describes how fully the route could be reconstructed from the main article and supporting information.

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 1: Other

14529 · Experimental Section

Metal precursorsZnCo-ZIFs-15

Linker precursors2-methylimidazole-derived carbon/nitrogen source in ZnCo-ZIF-15

AtmosphereN2 flow followed by air, as in Co3O4-NC-n-m route

Temperature900

Timesame as Co3O4-NC-n-m route: 2 h at 350 C, 3 h at 900 C, 2 h at 350 C in air

Substrate orientationglass boat in tube furnace

Oxidant / reductantN2 pyrolysis followed by air oxidation

Work-upCooled naturally; black powder used for characterisation and electrochemistry.

ActivationThermal annealing/calcination at 900 C

Scalability contextPaper describes the design as a simple and scalable pathway for bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	ZnCo-ZIFs-15	not specified	14529 · Experimental Section
Other	N2	60 mL min-1 in parent route	14529 · Experimental Section
Oxidant	air	2 h at 350 C in parent route	14529 · Experimental Section

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 2: Other

14528 · Experimental Section

Metal precursorsas-prepared ZnCo-ZIFs-n (n = 5, 10, 15)

Linker precursors2-methylimidazole-derived carbon/nitrogen source in ZnCo-ZIF

AtmosphereN2 flow (60 mL min-1), then air at 350 C

Temperature350 then 700, 800, or 900; final air hold at 350

Time2 h at 350 C under N2; 3 h at target temperature; 2 h at 350 C in air

Substrate orientationglass boat in tube furnace

Oxidant / reductantN2 pyrolysis followed by air oxidation

Work-upCooled naturally; black powders directly used for further characterisations.

ActivationThermal annealing/calcination

Scalability contextAuthors describe the approach as simple and scalable.

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	as-prepared ZnCo-ZIFs-n	not specified · n = 5, 10, 15	14528 · Experimental Section
Other	N2	60 mL min-1	14528 · Experimental Section
Oxidant	air	2 h at 350 C after N2 flow was switched off	14528 · Experimental Section

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 3: Other

14528 · Experimental Section

Metal precursorsCo(NO3)2.6H2O (0.5 mmol)

Linker precursors2-methylimidazole (8 mmol)

Solventsmethanol (25 mL for cobalt nitrate; 50 mL in linker/ammonia mixture)

Additivesammonia (5 uL, 10 uL, or 15 uL)

Atmosphereambient/not specified

Temperatureroom temperature synthesis; vacuum drying at 80

Time0.25 h stirring plus 24 h standing; dried overnight

Work-upCollected by centrifugation, washed several times with ethanol, and vacuum dried at 80 C overnight.

Activationnone reported before calcination

Show 4 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Co(NO3)2.6H2O	0.5 mmol	14528 · Experimental Section
Linker	2-methylimidazole	8 mmol	14528 · Experimental Section
Solvent	methanol	25 mL + 50 mL	14528 · Experimental Section
Base	ammonia	5 uL, 10 uL, or 15 uL	14528 · Experimental Section

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 4: Other

14529 · Experimental Section

Metal precursorsCo-ZIFs-n

Linker precursors2-methylimidazole-derived carbon/nitrogen source in Co-ZIF

AtmosphereN2 flow followed by air, as in Co3O4-NC-n-m route

Temperature900

Timesame as Co3O4-NC-n-m route

Substrate orientationglass boat in tube furnace

Oxidant / reductantN2 pyrolysis followed by air oxidation

Work-upNot separately specified; follows Co3O4-NC-n-m route.

ActivationThermal annealing/calcination at 900 C

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	Co-ZIFs-n	not specified · n = 5, 10, 15	14529 · Experimental Section
Other	N2	60 mL min-1 in parent route	14529 · Experimental Section
Oxidant	air	2 h at 350 C in parent route	14529 · Experimental Section

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 5: Other

14528 · Experimental Section

Metal precursorsCo(NO3)2.6H2O (0.25 mmol) and Zn(NO3)2.6H2O (0.25 mmol)

Linker precursors2-methylimidazole (8 mmol)

Solventsmethanol

Additivesammonia (10 uL)

Atmosphereambient/not specified

Temperatureroom temperature synthesis; vacuum drying at 80

Time0.25 h stirring plus 24 h standing; dried overnight

Work-upSame as Co-ZIF route: centrifuged, washed with ethanol, and vacuum dried.

Activationnone reported before calcination

Show 5 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Co(NO3)2.6H2O	0.25 mmol	14528 · Experimental Section
Metal Source	Zn(NO3)2.6H2O	0.25 mmol	14528 · Experimental Section
Linker	2-methylimidazole	8 mmol	14528 · Experimental Section
Base	ammonia	10 uL	14528 · Experimental Section
Solvent	methanol	75 mL total	14528 · Experimental Section

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 6: Other

14528 · Experimental Section

Metal precursorsCo(NO3)2.6H2O (0.25 mmol) and Zn(NO3)2.6H2O (0.25 mmol)

Linker precursors2-methylimidazole (8 mmol)

Solventsmethanol

Additivesammonia (15 uL)

Atmosphereambient/not specified

Temperatureroom temperature synthesis; vacuum drying at 80

Time0.25 h stirring plus 24 h standing; dried overnight

Work-upSame as Co-ZIF route: centrifuged, washed with ethanol, and vacuum dried.

Activationnone reported before calcination

Show 5 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Co(NO3)2.6H2O	0.25 mmol	14528 · Experimental Section
Metal Source	Zn(NO3)2.6H2O	0.25 mmol	14528 · Experimental Section
Linker	2-methylimidazole	8 mmol	14528 · Experimental Section
Base	ammonia	15 uL	14528 · Experimental Section
Solvent	methanol	75 mL total	14528 · Experimental Section

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 7: Other

14528 · Experimental Section

Metal precursorsCo(NO3)2.6H2O (0.25 mmol) and Zn(NO3)2.6H2O (0.25 mmol)

Linker precursors2-methylimidazole (8 mmol)

Solventsmethanol

Additivesammonia (5 uL)

Atmosphereambient/not specified

Temperatureroom temperature synthesis; vacuum drying at 80

Time0.25 h stirring plus 24 h standing; dried overnight

Work-upSame as Co-ZIF route: centrifuged, washed with ethanol, and vacuum dried.

Activationnone reported before calcination

Show 5 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Co(NO3)2.6H2O	0.25 mmol	14528 · Experimental Section
Metal Source	Zn(NO3)2.6H2O	0.25 mmol	14528 · Experimental Section
Linker	2-methylimidazole	8 mmol	14528 · Experimental Section
Base	ammonia	5 uL	14528 · Experimental Section
Solvent	methanol	75 mL total	14528 · Experimental Section