Primary studyCore evidenceTransport Physics

Negative electrodes for supercapacitors with good performance using conductive bismuth-catecholate metal-organic frameworks

Chen S., Zhang H., Li X. et al. · Dalton Transactions · 2023 · 4826-4834

2materials
17samples
5synthesis routes
11measurements
52results
6claims and caveats

Evidence map

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Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

CaveatSupport assessment: Medium

A small residual bismuth acetate impurity is present in Bi(HHTP) 12 h, but the authors argue it has negligible influence on electrochemical performance.

Caveat: The impurity estimate is based on XRD response-factor assumptions and SI control mixtures, not direct quantitative chemical analysis.

p008 · The Residual Impurity in Bi(HHTP) Nanobelts and Its Influences · Figures S1 and S5 · Linked to 5 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: Medium

After 3 M KOH soaking, weakened Bi-plane XRD peaks are attributed to adsorbed potassium-containing species, while retained benzene-backbone and FT-IR catecholate features are used to argue Bi(HHTP) integrity.

Caveat: Post-soaking XRD changes are substantial, and the integrity conclusion is qualitative.

p008 · Soaking of 3M KOH in Bi(HHTP) materials · Figures S8-S10 · Linked to 2 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

Hydrothermal reaction duration controls nanobelt length, and the 12 h Bi(HHTP) nanobelts combine the best conductivity, longest nanobelts, highest capacitance, and best cycling retention.

Caveat: No uncertainty or replicate statistics are reported for the conductivity or electrochemical values.

p007 / article p.4832 · Conclusions · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

Bi ions in BiO4 linkages act as redox-active faradaic sites, contributing to battery-type charge storage and higher capacitance.

Caveat: Based on XPS peak assignments and electrochemical signatures rather than operando speciation.

p004 / article p.4829 · Structural and physicochemical characterization · Figure 2 · Linked to 4 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

The authors attribute Bi(HHTP) conductivity to pi-pi coupling between layers and pi-d orbital overlap between O and Bi atoms.

Caveat: Mechanistic assignment is inferential; no direct electronic-structure measurement is reported in this paper.

p005 / article p.4830 · Structural and physicochemical characterization · Figure 4 · Linked to 4 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Charge storage in Bi(HHTP) electrodes involves both semi-infinite diffusion-controlled battery-type behaviour and surface-controlled capacitive behaviour.

Caveat: Capacitive contribution percentages beyond the 100 mV s^-1 figure-read value were not fully digitised.

p006-p007 / article pp.4831-4832 · Charge storage mechanism and Conclusions · Figure 6 · Linked to 4 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
bismuth(III) acetate impurity/controlBi(C2H3O2)3Bi(III) · acetate0D · UnknownNon-MOF precursor/control used to evaluate residual impurity effects.p007-p008 · The Residual Impurity in Bi(HHTP) Nanobelts and Its Influences · Figures S1 and S5
Bi(HHTP)Browse family: Bi(HHTP) / Bi–HHTPBi(HHTP), where HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenyleneBi ions coordinated by oxygen atoms in BiO4 linkages · 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene catecholate linker2D · PristineLayered pi-pi coupled conductive bismuth-catecholate coordination framework; powder XRD matches reported Bi(HHTP) crystals and simulated pattern.p001 / article p.4826 · Abstract

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 17 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
0.25Bi(C2H3O2)3:Bi(HHTP) 12 h mixture electroderesearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpElectrode · Composite Sample · CompositeMixture of Bi(C2H3O2)3 and Bi(HHTP) 12 h with mass ratio 0.25:1 used for electrochemical impurity-control testing.p004 and p008 · The Residual Impurity in Bi(HHTP) Nanobelts and Its Influences · Figure S5
Bi(C2H3O2)3 electrode controlresearch_0311__mat__bi_acetate_controlElectrode · Pristine Control · UnknownElectrode used in SI GCD comparison; preparation details not separately specified.p004 and p008 · The Residual Impurity in Bi(HHTP) Nanobelts and Its Influences · Figure S5
Bi(HHTP) 12 h carbon-cloth electroderesearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpElectrode · Composite Sample · Composite16 mg active material, 2 mg Super-P and 2 mg PVDF in NMP; slurry coated on clean carbon cloth and dried at 60 C under vacuum for 12 h.carbon clothp003 / article p.4828 · Electrochemical measurements
pressed Bi(HHTP) 12 h pelletresearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpPellet · Pristine Control · Pristine Framework100 mg sample pressed into a 6 mm diameter pellet for four-point linear-probe conductivity.0.4 mmp004 / article p.4829 · Structural and physicochemical characterization · Figure 4
Bi(HHTP) 12 h nanobeltsresearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpPowder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkHydrothermal product isolated by centrifugation, washed with acetone, ethanol and deionised water, and vacuum dried at 60 C for 12 h.p002 / article p.4827 · Synthesis of Bi(HHTP) nanobelts
Bi(HHTP) 20 h carbon-cloth electroderesearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpElectrode · Composite Sample · Composite16 mg active material, 2 mg Super-P and 2 mg PVDF in NMP; slurry coated on clean carbon cloth and dried at 60 C under vacuum for 12 h.carbon clothp003 / article p.4828 · Electrochemical measurements
pressed Bi(HHTP) 20 h pelletresearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpPellet · Pristine Control · Pristine Framework100 mg sample pressed into a 6 mm diameter pellet for four-point linear-probe conductivity.0.4 mmp004 / article p.4829 · Structural and physicochemical characterization · Figure 4
Bi(HHTP) 20 h nanobeltsresearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpPowder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkHydrothermal product isolated by centrifugation, washed with acetone, ethanol and deionised water, and vacuum dried at 60 C for 12 h.p002 / article p.4827 · Synthesis of Bi(HHTP) nanobelts
Bi(HHTP) 4 h carbon-cloth electroderesearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpElectrode · Composite Sample · Composite16 mg active material, 2 mg Super-P and 2 mg PVDF in NMP; slurry coated on clean carbon cloth and dried at 60 C under vacuum for 12 h.carbon clothp003 / article p.4828 · Electrochemical measurements
pressed Bi(HHTP) 4 h pelletresearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpPellet · Pristine Control · Pristine Framework100 mg sample pressed into a 6 mm diameter pellet for four-point linear-probe conductivity.0.4 mmp004 / article p.4829 · Structural and physicochemical characterization · Figure 4
Bi(HHTP) 4 h nanobeltsresearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpPowder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkHydrothermal product isolated by centrifugation, washed with acetone, ethanol and deionised water, and vacuum dried at 60 C for 12 h.p002 / article p.4827 · Synthesis of Bi(HHTP) nanobelts
Bi(HHTP) 8 h carbon-cloth electroderesearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpElectrode · Composite Sample · Composite16 mg active material, 2 mg Super-P and 2 mg PVDF in NMP; slurry coated on clean carbon cloth and dried at 60 C under vacuum for 12 h.carbon clothp003 / article p.4828 · Electrochemical measurements
pressed Bi(HHTP) 8 h pelletresearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpPellet · Pristine Control · Pristine Framework100 mg sample pressed into a 6 mm diameter pellet for four-point linear-probe conductivity.0.4 mmp004 / article p.4829 · Structural and physicochemical characterization · Figure 4
Bi(HHTP) 8 h nanobeltsresearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpPowder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkHydrothermal product isolated by centrifugation, washed with acetone, ethanol and deionised water, and vacuum dried at 60 C for 12 h.p002 / article p.4827 · Synthesis of Bi(HHTP) nanobelts
Bi(HHTP) 4/8/12/20 h carbon-cloth electrode seriesresearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpElectrode · Composite Sample · CompositeSeries of Bi(HHTP)/Super-P/PVDF carbon-cloth electrodes prepared from the 4, 8, 12 and 20 h Bi(HHTP) powders.carbon clothp003 / article p.4828 · Electrochemical measurements
pressed Bi(HHTP) pellet seriesresearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpPellet · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkBi(HHTP) 4, 8, 12 and 20 h samples pressed into 6 mm diameter pellets for conductivity measurements.0.4 mmp004 / article p.4829 · Structural and physicochemical characterization · Figure 4
Bi(HHTP) 4/8/12/20 h nanobelt powder seriesresearch_0311__mat__bi_hhtpPowder · Paper Level Unspecified · Pristine FrameworkSeries of hydrothermal Bi(HHTP) nanobelt powders prepared using 4, 8, 12 and 20 h reaction durations.p002 / article p.4827 · Synthesis of Bi(HHTP) nanobelts