Primary studyCore evidenceTransport Physics

Bimetallic conductive MOF single crystals designed as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Xu T., Li S., Mi H. et al. · Journal of Power Sources · 2026 · 240056

4materials
10samples
6synthesis routes
37measurements
152results
6claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

The CoNi-HHTP CNH electrode outperforms the Co-HHTP CH control in rate capability and long-term cycling stability as a lithium-ion anode.

Caveat: Application metrics are measured on composite electrodes containing carbon black and binder, not on pure-framework electrodes.

p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b,c · Linked to 6 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

Introducing Ni into Co-HHTP transforms the material from polycrystalline CH to single-crystal CNH and improves crystallinity.

Caveat: Quantitative crystallinity is reported for CNH and CH in the main text; the Co:Ni ratio-series SI XRD comparison is qualitative/figure-only in the rendered surrogate.

p.4 · Results and discussion · Fig. 3c; Fig. S3 · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

During cycling, CNH evolves from single-crystal to amorphous character while retaining morphology, which the authors suggest may aid electrochemical performance.

Caveat: Post-cycling images are available as rendered SI pages; the amorphisation assignment is taken from the main-text interpretation.

p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S10; Fig. S11 · Linked to 2 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

Ex-situ XPS indicates benzene-ring involvement in lithium storage through formation of a discharged-state Li-C species.

Caveat: The Li-C assignment is based on ex-situ C 1s XPS peak assignment rather than direct structural observation of Li binding.

p.8 · Results and discussion · Fig. 8c · Linked to 2 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

Ni incorporation improves the electrical/charge-transfer behaviour of the Co-HHTP framework, giving measurable CNH conductivity and lower electrode Rct than CH.

Caveat: The intrinsic four-probe conductivity is reported only for CNH; CH exceeded the instrument resistance range, so the framework-level comparison is one-sided.

p.5-p.8 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7k · Linked to 4 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

CNH has a higher pseudocapacitive contribution than CH across scan rates, which the authors link to better rate performance.

Caveat: Several contribution percentages are read from figure labels rather than reported in running text.

p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d,e · Linked to 6 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Co-HHTP conductive MOF (CH)Browse family: Co₃(HHTP)₂ / Co–HHTPCo-HHTP; exact empirical formula not reportedCo centres from Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O. · HHTP2D · PristineSingle-metal Co-HHTP control framework; assigned as polycrystalline by SAED and compared with CNH by XRD, FTIR, sorption and electrochemistry.p.3 · Synthesis of Co-HHTP · Fig. S3
CoNi-HHTP conductive MOF (CNH (1:1))Browse family: Ni/Co–HHTP familyCo-Ni-HHTP; nominal Co:Ni = 1:1Mixed Co/Ni centres from acetate tetrahydrate precursors. · HHTP2D · PristineBimetallic HHTP framework variant used to assess metal-ratio effects; XRD and cycling comparison are in SI figures.p.3 · Synthesis of CoNi-HHTP · Fig. S1; Fig. S6
CoNi-HHTP conductive MOF (CNH, Co:Ni = 2:1)Browse family: Ni/Co–HHTP familyCo-Ni-HHTP; exact empirical formula not reportedMixed Co/Ni centres from Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O and Ni(CH3COO)2.4H2O; nominal Co:Ni = 2:1 and EDS Co/Ni close to 2:1. · 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP)2D · PristineBimetallic conductive MOF assigned as single-crystal CNH; XRD resembles simulated CH pattern, SAED shows single-crystal diffraction and HRTEM gives a 0.332 nm (004) lattice spacing.p.2 · Introduction
CoNi-HHTP conductive MOF (CNH (3:1))Browse family: Ni/Co–HHTP familyCo-Ni-HHTP; nominal Co:Ni = 3:1Mixed Co/Ni centres from acetate tetrahydrate precursors. · HHTP2D · PristineBimetallic HHTP framework variant used to assess metal-ratio effects; XRD and cycling comparison are in SI figures.p.3 · Synthesis of CoNi-HHTP · Fig. S1; Fig. S6

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 10 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
CH composite working electroderesearch_0403__mat__mat_chElectrode · Pristine Control · CompositeCH/carbon black/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose slurry in 7:2:1 mass ratio coated on copper foil and dried at 80 C for 12 h.Copper foil current collector · Circular disks phi 16 mm x delta 9 um; active-material loading 0.65-0.78 mg cm^-2.p.4 · Electrochemical measurement
CH as-synthesised powderresearch_0403__mat__mat_chPowder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkCentrifuged precipitate washed with H2O and isopropanol, then dried in an 80 C vacuum oven.p.3 · Synthesis of Co-HHTP
CNH (1:1) composite working electroderesearch_0403__mat__mat_cnh_1_1Electrode · Target Sample · CompositeActive material/carbon black/CMC composite electrode prepared for metal-ratio electrochemical comparison.Copper foil current collector · Not separately reported; general electrode recipe used.p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S6
CNH (1:1) as-synthesised powderresearch_0403__mat__mat_cnh_1_1Powder · Target Sample · Mixed MetalSame solvothermal route as CNH with adjusted Co and Ni acetate masses.p.3 · Synthesis of CoNi-HHTP · Fig. S1
CNH (3:1) composite working electroderesearch_0403__mat__mat_cnh_3_1Electrode · Target Sample · CompositeActive material/carbon black/CMC composite electrode prepared for metal-ratio electrochemical comparison.Copper foil current collector · Not separately reported; general electrode recipe used.p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S6
CNH (3:1) as-synthesised powderresearch_0403__mat__mat_cnh_3_1Powder · Target Sample · Mixed MetalSame solvothermal route as CNH with adjusted Co and Ni acetate masses.p.3 · Synthesis of CoNi-HHTP · Fig. S1
CNH electrode after cyclingresearch_0403__mat__mat_cnh_2_1Electrode · Target Sample · CompositeCNH electrode after electrochemical cycling; analysed by post-cycling XRD/TEM/SAED and ex-situ XPS.Copper foil current collector · As for CNH electrode before cycling.SI p.6-p.8 · Supplementary figures · Fig. S10; Fig. S11; Fig. S14
CNH composite working electroderesearch_0403__mat__mat_cnh_2_1Electrode · Target Sample · CompositeCNH/carbon black/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose slurry in 7:2:1 mass ratio coated on copper foil and dried at 80 C for 12 h.Copper foil current collector · Circular disks phi 16 mm x delta 9 um; active-material loading 0.65-0.78 mg cm^-2.p.4 · Electrochemical measurement
CNH high-loading composite electroderesearch_0403__mat__mat_cnh_2_1Electrode · Target Sample · CompositeSame composite electrode formulation tested under higher loading.Copper foil current collector · Active substance load 1.13 mg cm^-2.p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S7
CNH as-synthesised powderresearch_0403__mat__mat_cnh_2_1Powder · Target Sample · Mixed MetalCentrifuged precipitate washed successively with H2O and propanol, then dried in an 80 C vacuum oven.p.2-p.3 · Synthesis of CoNi-HHTP · Fig. 1