Electrochemistry Application — Bimetallic conductive MOF single crystals designed as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries

21 measurement groups · 87 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

Cyclic voltammetry

Voltammetry

CH composite working electrode · Electrode

0.01-3.0 V vs Li/Li+ at 0.1 mV s^-1; first three cycles.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Context: pristine-control composite electrode
Measurement source: p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5b

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH redox pair 1 anodic potential	1.02 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5b
CH redox pair 1 cathodic potential	0.53 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5b
CH redox pair 2 anodic potential	1.32 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5b
CH redox pair 2 cathodic potential	1.04 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5b

Cyclic voltammetry

Voltammetry

CNH composite working electrode · Electrode

0.01-3.0 V vs Li/Li+ at 0.1 mV s^-1; first three cycles.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Context: target composite electrode
Measurement source: p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5a

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CNH anodic peak 1	1.03 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5a
CNH anodic peak 2	1.33 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5a
CNH first-cycle cathodic peak 1	0.56 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5a
CNH first-cycle cathodic peak 2	1.09 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5a
CNH irreversible anodic peak	2.43 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5a

CV at various scan rates and pseudocapacitive analysis

Voltammetry

CH composite working electrode · Electrode

Scan rates 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1 and 2 mV s^-1; CH CV curves in SI Fig. S12; b-values and contributions in Fig. 7.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: pristine-control composite electrode
Measurement source: p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7c,e; Fig. S12

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH b-value peak 1	b1 approx 0.81	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7c
CH b-value peak 2	b2 approx 0.89	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7c
CH b-value peak 3	b3 approx 0.69	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7c
CH b-value peak 4	b4 approx 0.77	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7c
CH diffusion contribution at 0.1 mV s^-1	68% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e
CH diffusion contribution at 0.2 mV s^-1	63% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e
CH diffusion contribution at 0.4 mV s^-1	55% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e
CH diffusion contribution at 0.8 mV s^-1	50% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e
CH diffusion contribution at 1.0 mV s^-1	45% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e
CH diffusion contribution at 2.0 mV s^-1	36% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e
CH pseudocapacitive contribution at 0.1 mV s^-1	32% capacitive, 68% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e
CH pseudocapacitive contribution at 0.2 mV s^-1	37% capacitive, 63% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e
CH pseudocapacitive contribution at 0.4 mV s^-1	45% capacitive, 55% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e
CH pseudocapacitive contribution at 0.8 mV s^-1	50% capacitive, 50% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e
CH pseudocapacitive contribution at 1.0 mV s^-1	55% capacitive, 45% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e
CH pseudocapacitive contribution at 2.0 mV s^-1	64% capacitive, 36% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7e

CV at various scan rates and pseudocapacitive analysis

Voltammetry

CNH composite working electrode · Electrode

Scan rates 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1 and 2 mV s^-1; b-values and capacitive/diffusion contribution ratios.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: target composite electrode
Measurement source: p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7a,b,d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CNH b-value peak 1	b1 approx 0.82	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7b
CNH b-value peak 2	b2 approx 0.9	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7b
CNH b-value peak 3	b3 approx 0.83	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7b
CNH b-value peak 4	b4 approx 0.75	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7b
CNH diffusion contribution at 0.1 mV s^-1	66% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d
CNH diffusion contribution at 0.2 mV s^-1	58% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d
CNH diffusion contribution at 0.4 mV s^-1	51% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d
CNH diffusion contribution at 0.8 mV s^-1	44% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d
CNH diffusion contribution at 1.0 mV s^-1	41% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d
CNH diffusion contribution at 2.0 mV s^-1	26% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d
CNH pseudocapacitive contribution at 0.1 mV s^-1	34% capacitive, 66% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d
CNH pseudocapacitive contribution at 0.2 mV s^-1	42% capacitive, 58% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d
CNH pseudocapacitive contribution at 0.4 mV s^-1	49% capacitive, 51% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d
CNH pseudocapacitive contribution at 0.8 mV s^-1	56% capacitive, 44% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d
CNH pseudocapacitive contribution at 1.0 mV s^-1	59% capacitive, 41% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d
CNH pseudocapacitive contribution at 2.0 mV s^-1	74% capacitive, 26% diffusion	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7d

Galvanostatic cycling

CH composite working electrode · Electrode

0.1 A g^-1, 0.01-3.0 V, CH electrode.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: pristine-control composite electrode
Measurement source: p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6a

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH capacity retention after 100 cycles	approximately 79.3%	—	—	Text Approximate	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6a

Galvanostatic cycling

CNH composite working electrode · Electrode

0.1 A g^-1, 0.01-3.0 V, CNH electrode.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: target composite electrode
Measurement source: p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6a

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CNH discharge capacity after 100 cycles	1106.2 mAh g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6a
CNH capacity retention after 100 cycles	approximately 88.4%	—	—	Text Approximate	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6a
CNH stable reversible specific capacityMarked as a best value within this paper	1250.8 mAh g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6a

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Impedance spectroscopy

CH composite working electrode · Electrode

Nyquist plot and equivalent circuit with Rs, R1, Rct, CPE1, CPE2 and Zw.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: pristine-control composite electrode
Measurement source: p.8 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7k

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH charge-transfer resistance Rct	124.5 ohm	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.8 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7k

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Impedance spectroscopy

CNH composite working electrode · Electrode

Nyquist plot and equivalent circuit with Rs, R1, Rct, CPE1, CPE2 and Zw.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: target composite electrode
Measurement source: p.8 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7k

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CNH charge-transfer resistance RctMarked as a best value within this paper	73.89 ohm	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.8 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7k

Galvanostatic charge-discharge

Galvanostatic cycling

CH composite working electrode · Electrode

First three cycles at 0.1 A g^-1 in 0.01-3.0 V window.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: pristine-control composite electrode
Measurement source: p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH initial Coulombic efficiency	63.2%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5d
CH initial charge specific capacity	1137.0 mAh g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5d
CH initial discharge specific capacity	1798.9 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5d

Galvanostatic charge-discharge

Galvanostatic cycling

CNH composite working electrode · Electrode

First three cycles at 0.1 A g^-1 in 0.01-3.0 V window.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: target composite electrode
Measurement source: p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5c

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CNH initial Coulombic efficiency	74.3%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5c
CNH initial charge specific capacity	1464.9 mAh g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5c
CNH initial discharge specific capacityMarked as a best value within this paper	1971.5 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.5 · Results and discussion · Fig. 5c

GITT-derived Li+ diffusion coefficient

CH composite working electrode · Electrode

Constant-current intermittent titration; calculated D_Li during lithiation/charge and discharge.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: pristine-control composite electrode
Measurement source: p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7h; Fig. S13

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH charge D_Li maximum	1.7 x 10^-6 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Text Range	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7h
CH charge D_Li minimum	2.5 x 10^-8 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Text Range	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7h
CH discharge D_Li maximum	2.3 x 10^-6 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Text Range	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7h
CH discharge D_Li minimum	2 x 10^-8 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Text Range	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7h

GITT-derived Li+ diffusion coefficient

CNH composite working electrode · Electrode

Constant-current intermittent titration; calculated D_Li during lithiation/charge and discharge.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: target composite electrode
Measurement source: p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7f,g

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CNH charge D_Li maximum	6.6 x 10^-6 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Text Range	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7g
CNH charge D_Li minimum	2.1 x 10^-8 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Text Range	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7g
CNH discharge D_Li maximum	3 x 10^-6 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Text Range	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7g
CNH discharge D_Li minimum	2.3 x 10^-8 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Text Range	p.7 · Results and discussion · Fig. 7g

Galvanostatic cycling under high loading

Galvanostatic cycling

CNH high-loading composite electrode · Electrode

0.1 A g^-1 with active substance loading 1.13 mg cm^-2.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: target high-loading composite electrode
Measurement source: p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S7

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CNH high-loading discharge capacity	1032.7 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1 and 1.13 mg cm^-2 loading	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S7
CNH high-loading discharge capacity near 50 cycles	approximately 930-970 mAh g^-1 near 50 cycles from SI Fig. S7	—	visual estimate from plotted axis	Visual Estimate Uncertain	SI p.5 · Supplementary figures · Fig. S7

Long-term galvanostatic cycling

Galvanostatic cycling

CH composite working electrode · Electrode

600 cycles at 1 A g^-1 in 0.01-3.0 V; detailed plot in SI Fig. S9.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: pristine-control composite electrode
Measurement source: p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S9

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH capacity after 600 cycles at 1 A g^-1	573.0 mAh g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S9
CH retention after 600 cycles at 1 A g^-1	approximately 69.3%	—	—	Text Approximate	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S9

Long-term galvanostatic cycling

Galvanostatic cycling

CNH composite working electrode · Electrode

600 cycles at 1 A g^-1 in 0.01-3.0 V.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: target composite electrode
Measurement source: p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6c

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CNH capacity after 600 cycles at 1 A g^-1Marked as a best value within this paper	712.1 mAh g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6c
CNH retention after 600 cycles at 1 A g^-1	approximately 78.9%	—	—	Text Approximate	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6c

Rate performance

CH composite working electrode · Electrode

Current densities 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 A g^-1.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: pristine-control composite electrode
Measurement source: p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH reversible capacity at 0.1 A g^-1	1186.7 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CH reversible capacity at 0.2 A g^-1	1038.3 mAh g^-1 at 0.2 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CH reversible capacity at 0.5 A g^-1	730.8 mAh g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CH reversible capacity at 1.0 A g^-1	467.5 mAh g^-1 at 1.0 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CH reversible capacity at 2.0 A g^-1	252.2 mAh g^-1 at 2.0 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CH reversible capacity at 4.0 A g^-1	125.5 mAh g^-1 at 4.0 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CH reversible capacity at 6.0 A g^-1	62.2 mAh g^-1 at 6.0 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b

Rate performance

CNH composite working electrode · Electrode

Current densities 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 A g^-1; recovery to 0.1 A g^-1.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: target composite electrode
Measurement source: p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CNH reversible capacity at 0.1 A g^-1	1250.4 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CNH reversible capacity at 0.2 A g^-1	1180.9 mAh g^-1 at 0.2 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CNH reversible capacity at 0.5 A g^-1	1043.3 mAh g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CNH reversible capacity at 1.0 A g^-1	902.3 mAh g^-1 at 1.0 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CNH reversible capacity at 2.0 A g^-1	701.1 mAh g^-1 at 2.0 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CNH reversible capacity at 4.0 A g^-1	431.3 mAh g^-1 at 4.0 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CNH reversible capacity at 6.0 A g^-1Marked as a best value within this paper	376.5 mAh g^-1 at 6.0 A g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b
CNH recovered capacity after returning to 0.1 A g^-1	1223.1 mAh g^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. 6b

Galvanostatic cycling

CNH (1:1) composite working electrode · Electrode

0.1 A g^-1, 0.01-3.0 V ratio-series comparison in SI; numeric plot values not available.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: ratio-variant composite electrodes
Measurement source: p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S6

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CNH (1:1) qualitative cycling performance	similar discharge specific capacity to CH with slightly improved cycling stability	—	—	Text Qualitative	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S6
CNH (3:1) qualitative cycling performance	worst electrochemical performance at low current density; 11% lower than CH	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p.6 · Results and discussion · Fig. S6

Galvanostatic cycling

CNH (3:1) composite working electrode · Electrode

0.1 A g^-1, 0.01-3.0 V ratio-series cycling comparison in SI Fig. S6.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: ratio-variant composite electrode
Measurement source: SI p.4 · Supplementary figures · Fig. S6

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CNH(3:1) approximate capacity near 100 cycles	approximately 850-900 mAh g^-1 near 100 cycles from SI Fig. S6	—	visual estimate from plotted axis	Visual Estimate Uncertain	SI p.4 · Supplementary figures · Fig. S6

Cyclic voltammetry at various scan rates

Voltammetry

CH composite working electrode · Electrode

CH CV curves at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1 and 2 mV s^-1 in SI Fig. S12.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: pristine-control composite electrode
Measurement source: SI p.7 · Supplementary figures · Fig. S12

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH CV scan-rate set in SI	0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1 and 2 mV s^-1; current response increases with scan rate	—	—	Caption Qualitative	SI p.7 · Supplementary figures · Fig. S12

Specific-capacity comparison plot

CNH composite working electrode · Electrode

SI Fig. S8 compares CNH with reported MOF electrodes at different current densities; only this-work CNH is first-hand.

Atmosphere: room temperature
Geometry: CR2025 Li half-cell
Context: target composite electrode
Measurement source: SI p.5 · Supplementary figures · Fig. S8

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
This-work CNH high-rate comparison point	This Work remains about 380 mAh g^-1 at 6000 mA g^-1 in SI Fig. S8	—	visual estimate from comparison plot	Visual Estimate Approximate	SI p.5 · Supplementary figures · Fig. S8