Electrochemistry Application

BCA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CR2032 cells between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+ at 40 C; initial profiles at 0.1C; rate test charged at 1C and discharged from 1C to 20C; cycling at 1C for 500 cycles.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: coin cell assembled in argon-filled glovebox
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black cathode versus Li metal; 1 M LiODFB in EC:DMC:EMC; Celgard 2400 separator
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b-d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
initial reversible discharge capacity at 0.1C	101.5	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b
initial coulombic efficiency	88.4	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b
capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1C and 40 C	67.9	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8d

cyclic voltammetry

BCA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CV between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+; Fig. 8a scan rate 0.05 mV s-1; additional CV scans 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12 and 0.14 mV s-1 for diffusion analysis.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: CR2032 coin cell; argon-filled glovebox assembly
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Ni redox peak potential separation	0.18	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a
minor Mn3+/Mn4+ redox peak voltage	about 4.0 V	—	—	Text Approximate	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a

CV-derived Li diffusion coefficient using Randles-Sevcik equation

BCA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

Calculated from slopes of peak current versus square root of scan rate in Fig. S10; scan rates 0.06-0.14 mV s-1; A = 1.54 cm-1 reported, n = 1.

Atmosphere: coin cell
Geometry: composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 9 · 3. Results and discussion · Table 2; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Li diffusion coefficient DLi R	2.16	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi O1	2.23	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi Da	2.2	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Nyquist fit

BCA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

AC amplitude 5 mV, frequency 100 kHz to 10 mHz at room temperature; fresh cells and after 500 cycles at 1C at 40 C.

Temperature: room temperature for EIS; cells cycled at 313 K before 500th-cycle measurement
Atmosphere: coin cell
Geometry: equivalent circuit with Rs, Rf and Rct elements shown in Fig. 9 inset
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 10 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 9; Table 3

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
electrolyte resistance Rs fresh	2.8	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
surface film resistance Rf fresh	126.5	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
charge-transfer resistance Rct fresh	74.7	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
electrolyte resistance Rs after 500 cycles	13.5	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
surface film resistance Rf after 500 cycles	43.9	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
charge-transfer resistance Rct after 500 cycles	804.7	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3

galvanostatic charge/discharge, rate capability and cycling

DTA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CR2032 cells between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+ at 40 C; initial profiles at 0.1C; rate test charged at 1C and discharged from 1C to 20C; cycling at 1C for 500 cycles.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: coin cell assembled in argon-filled glovebox
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black cathode versus Li metal; 1 M LiODFB in EC:DMC:EMC; Celgard 2400 separator
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b-d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
initial reversible discharge capacity at 0.1C	118.6	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b
capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1C and 40 C	76.4	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8d

cyclic voltammetry

DTA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CV between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+; Fig. 8a scan rate 0.05 mV s-1; additional CV scans 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12 and 0.14 mV s-1 for diffusion analysis.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: CR2032 coin cell; argon-filled glovebox assembly
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Ni redox peak potential separation	0.11	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a
minor Mn3+/Mn4+ redox peak voltage	about 4.0 V	—	—	Text Approximate	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a

CV-derived Li diffusion coefficient using Randles-Sevcik equation

DTA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

Calculated from slopes of peak current versus square root of scan rate in Fig. S10; scan rates 0.06-0.14 mV s-1; A = 1.54 cm-1 reported, n = 1.

Atmosphere: coin cell
Geometry: composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 9 · 3. Results and discussion · Table 2; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Li diffusion coefficient DLi R	1.17	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi O1	1.26	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi O2	1.37	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi Da	1.26	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Nyquist fit

DTA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

AC amplitude 5 mV, frequency 100 kHz to 10 mHz at room temperature; fresh cells and after 500 cycles at 1C at 40 C.

Temperature: room temperature for EIS; cells cycled at 313 K before 500th-cycle measurement
Atmosphere: coin cell
Geometry: equivalent circuit with Rs, Rf and Rct elements shown in Fig. 9 inset
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 10 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 9; Table 3

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
electrolyte resistance Rs fresh	2.1	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
surface film resistance Rf fresh	164.2	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
charge-transfer resistance Rct fresh	93.7	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
electrolyte resistance Rs after 500 cycles	9.5	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
surface film resistance Rf after 500 cycles	28.5	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
charge-transfer resistance Rct after 500 cycles	614.6	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3

galvanostatic charge/discharge, rate capability and cycling

OBA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CR2032 cells between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+ at 40 C; initial profiles at 0.1C; rate test charged at 1C and discharged from 1C to 20C; cycling at 1C for 500 cycles.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: coin cell assembled in argon-filled glovebox
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black cathode versus Li metal; 1 M LiODFB in EC:DMC:EMC; Celgard 2400 separator
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b-d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
initial reversible discharge capacity at 0.1C	129.4	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b
capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1C and 40 C	65.5	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8d

cyclic voltammetry

OBA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CV between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+; Fig. 8a scan rate 0.05 mV s-1; additional CV scans 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12 and 0.14 mV s-1 for diffusion analysis.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: CR2032 coin cell; argon-filled glovebox assembly
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Ni redox peak potential separation	0.13	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a
minor Mn3+/Mn4+ redox peak voltage	about 4.0 V	—	—	Text Approximate	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a

CV-derived Li diffusion coefficient using Randles-Sevcik equation

OBA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

Calculated from slopes of peak current versus square root of scan rate in Fig. S10; scan rates 0.06-0.14 mV s-1; A = 1.54 cm-1 reported, n = 1.

Atmosphere: coin cell
Geometry: composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 9 · 3. Results and discussion · Table 2; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Li diffusion coefficient DLi R	1.65	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi O1	1.43	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi O2	2.15	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi Da	1.74	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Nyquist fit

OBA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

AC amplitude 5 mV, frequency 100 kHz to 10 mHz at room temperature; fresh cells and after 500 cycles at 1C at 40 C.

Temperature: room temperature for EIS; cells cycled at 313 K before 500th-cycle measurement
Atmosphere: coin cell
Geometry: equivalent circuit with Rs, Rf and Rct elements shown in Fig. 9 inset
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 10 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 9; Table 3

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
electrolyte resistance Rs fresh	2.5	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
surface film resistance Rf fresh	136.3	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
charge-transfer resistance Rct fresh	85.8	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
electrolyte resistance Rs after 500 cycles	9.8	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
surface film resistance Rf after 500 cycles	34.8	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
charge-transfer resistance Rct after 500 cycles	826.9	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3

galvanostatic charge/discharge, rate capability and cycling

PTA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CR2032 cells between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+ at 40 C; initial profiles at 0.1C; rate test charged at 1C and discharged from 1C to 20C; cycling at 1C for 500 cycles.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: coin cell assembled in argon-filled glovebox
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black cathode versus Li metal; 1 M LiODFB in EC:DMC:EMC; Celgard 2400 separator
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b-d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
initial reversible discharge capacity at 0.1C	138.9	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b
initial coulombic efficiency	88.5	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b
capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1C and 40 CMarked as a best value within this paper	96.9	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8d

cyclic voltammetry

PTA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CV between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+; Fig. 8a scan rate 0.05 mV s-1; additional CV scans 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12 and 0.14 mV s-1 for diffusion analysis.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: CR2032 coin cell; argon-filled glovebox assembly
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Ni redox peak potential separation	0.15	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a
minor Mn3+/Mn4+ redox peak voltage	about 4.0 V	—	—	Text Approximate	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a

CV-derived Li diffusion coefficient using Randles-Sevcik equation

PTA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

Calculated from slopes of peak current versus square root of scan rate in Fig. S10; scan rates 0.06-0.14 mV s-1; A = 1.54 cm-1 reported, n = 1.

Atmosphere: coin cell
Geometry: composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 9 · 3. Results and discussion · Table 2; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Li diffusion coefficient DLi R	4.61	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi O1	3.78	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi Da	4.2	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Nyquist fit

PTA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

AC amplitude 5 mV, frequency 100 kHz to 10 mHz at room temperature; fresh cells and after 500 cycles at 1C at 40 C.

Temperature: room temperature for EIS; cells cycled at 313 K before 500th-cycle measurement
Atmosphere: coin cell
Geometry: equivalent circuit with Rs, Rf and Rct elements shown in Fig. 9 inset
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 10 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 9; Table 3

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
electrolyte resistance Rs fresh	1.8	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
surface film resistance Rf fresh	97.4	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
charge-transfer resistance Rct fresh	60.6	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
electrolyte resistance Rs after 500 cycles	8.6	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
surface film resistance Rf after 500 cycles	21.8	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
charge-transfer resistance Rct after 500 cycles	325.8	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3

galvanostatic charge/discharge, rate capability and cycling

PTCDA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CR2032 cells between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+ at 40 C; initial profiles at 0.1C; rate test charged at 1C and discharged from 1C to 20C; cycling at 1C for 500 cycles.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: coin cell assembled in argon-filled glovebox
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black cathode versus Li metal; 1 M LiODFB in EC:DMC:EMC; Celgard 2400 separator
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b-d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
initial reversible discharge capacity at 0.1CMarked as a best value within this paper	145.6	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b
initial coulombic efficiencyMarked as a best value within this paper	89.6	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b
capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1C and 40 C	94.4	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8d
specific discharge capacity at 20CMarked as a best value within this paper	122.0	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8c
specific discharge capacity at 20CMarked as a best value within this paper	122.6	—	—	Text Exact Reported	1 · Abstract
discharge capacity at 1CMarked as a best value within this paper	140.0	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8c
discharge capacity at 1CMarked as a best value within this paper	145.3	—	—	Text Exact Reported	1 · Abstract
average working voltage at 20CMarked as a best value within this paper	4.43	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. S11

cyclic voltammetry

PTCDA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CV between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+; Fig. 8a scan rate 0.05 mV s-1; additional CV scans 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12 and 0.14 mV s-1 for diffusion analysis.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: CR2032 coin cell; argon-filled glovebox assembly
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Ni redox peak potential separationMarked as a best value within this paper	0.09	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a
minor Mn3+/Mn4+ redox peak voltage	about 4.0 V	—	—	Text Approximate	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a

CV-derived Li diffusion coefficient using Randles-Sevcik equation

PTCDA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

Calculated from slopes of peak current versus square root of scan rate in Fig. S10; scan rates 0.06-0.14 mV s-1; A = 1.54 cm-1 reported, n = 1.

Atmosphere: coin cell
Geometry: composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 9 · 3. Results and discussion · Table 2; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Li diffusion coefficient DLi R	4.98	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi O1	3.83	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi O2	6.65	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi DaMarked as a best value within this paper	5.15	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Nyquist fit

PTCDA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

AC amplitude 5 mV, frequency 100 kHz to 10 mHz at room temperature; fresh cells and after 500 cycles at 1C at 40 C.

Temperature: room temperature for EIS; cells cycled at 313 K before 500th-cycle measurement
Atmosphere: coin cell
Geometry: equivalent circuit with Rs, Rf and Rct elements shown in Fig. 9 inset
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 10 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 9; Table 3

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
electrolyte resistance Rs freshMarked as a best value within this paper	1.2	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
surface film resistance Rf freshMarked as a best value within this paper	64.7	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
charge-transfer resistance Rct freshMarked as a best value within this paper	30.8	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
electrolyte resistance Rs after 500 cyclesMarked as a best value within this paper	4.7	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
surface film resistance Rf after 500 cyclesMarked as a best value within this paper	17.4	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
charge-transfer resistance Rct after 500 cyclesMarked as a best value within this paper	114.8	—	—	Table Exact Reported	10 · Table 3 · Table 3
post-cycling SEI visualisation	TEM images show SEI layer after 500 cycles for all LNMO electrodes	—	—	Qualitative Qualitative	8 · Appendix A. Supporting Information · Fig. S12
post-cycling SEM morphology	SEM images compare fresh and 500-cycle LNMO electrodes	—	—	Qualitative Qualitative	9 · Appendix A. Supporting Information · Fig. S13
post-cycling XRD evidence	XRD patterns of LNMO electrodes after cycling show retained spinel reflections	—	—	Qualitative Qualitative	9 · Appendix A. Supporting Information · Fig. S14

galvanostatic charge/discharge, rate capability and cycling

TCA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CR2032 cells between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+ at 40 C; initial profiles at 0.1C; rate test charged at 1C and discharged from 1C to 20C; cycling at 1C for 500 cycles.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: coin cell assembled in argon-filled glovebox
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black cathode versus Li metal; 1 M LiODFB in EC:DMC:EMC; Celgard 2400 separator
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b-d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
initial reversible discharge capacity at 0.1C	133.4	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8b
capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1C and 40 C	95.3	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8d

cyclic voltammetry

TCA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

CV between 3.5 and 4.9 V vs Li/Li+; Fig. 8a scan rate 0.05 mV s-1; additional CV scans 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12 and 0.14 mV s-1 for diffusion analysis.

Temperature: 313
Atmosphere: CR2032 coin cell; argon-filled glovebox assembly
Geometry: LNMO/PVDF/acetylene black composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 2,8-9 · 2.3; 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Ni redox peak potential separation	0.12	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a
minor Mn3+/Mn4+ redox peak voltage	about 4.0 V	—	—	Text Approximate	9 · 3. Results and discussion · Fig. 8a

CV-derived Li diffusion coefficient using Randles-Sevcik equation

TCA-LNMO composite cathode electrode · Electrode

Calculated from slopes of peak current versus square root of scan rate in Fig. S10; scan rates 0.06-0.14 mV s-1; A = 1.54 cm-1 reported, n = 1.

Atmosphere: coin cell
Geometry: composite cathode versus Li metal
Context: composite cathode made from derived LNMO powder
Measurement source: 9 · 3. Results and discussion · Table 2; Fig. S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Li diffusion coefficient DLi R	1.26	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi O1	1.72	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi O2	1.41	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient DLi Da	1.46	—	—	Table Exact Reported	9 · Table 2 · Table 2

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Nyquist fit