Primary studyCore evidenceThin Film Device

Hierarchical conductive metal-organic framework films enabling efficient interfacial mass transfer

Huang C., Shang X., Zhou X. et al. · Nature Communications · 2023 · 3850

3materials
25samples
11synthesis routes
13measurements
68results
5claims and caveats

Evidence map

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Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

OtherSupport assessment: Medium

Zn-HHTP behaves as an n-type semiconductor; NH3 donation changes its resistance during sensing.

Caveat: Only one Seebeck value for Zn-HHTP-H is reported in the extracted text.

5 · Chemiresistive gas-sensing performance · Supplementary Fig. 34 · Linked to 1 structured result

Phase AssignmentSupport assessment: High

All hierarchical c-MOF films exhibited intrinsic electrical conductivity while retaining hollow interiors.

Caveat: Conductivity values differ substantially among hollow and bulk variants; hollow films are not the most conductive in Table 2.

2 · Synthesis and characterization · Supplementary Table 2 · Linked to 3 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

Introducing hollow cavities into c-MOF films increases gas permeability and surface convection, accelerating interfacial mass transfer relative to bulk-type films.

Caveat: Evidence is strongest for Zn-HHTP and supported by PcCu-Zn/Co-HHTP generality tests.

6 · Discussion · Figs. 3f, 4 · Linked to 4 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

The ZIF-8 to Zn-HHTP hollow-film transformation follows a dissolution-recrystallization mechanism controlled by the balance between ZIF etching and HHTP coordination rates.

Caveat: Mechanism is inferred from time-dependent PXRD, morphology, Zn2+ concentration and pH trends rather than direct in situ atomic-scale observation.

S21-S22 · Supplementary Figure 13 text · Supplementary Fig. 13 · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

The faster NH3 chemiresistive response of hierarchical hollow c-MOF films is attributed to improved interfacial mass transfer rather than a different crystalline composition.

Caveat: Some bulk PcCu-Zn/Co-HHTP response times are lower bounds because responses did not fully saturate.

5 · Chemiresistive gas-sensing performance · Fig. 5c · Linked to 4 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Co-HHTP conductive metal-organic frameworkBrowse family: Co₃(HHTP)₂ / Co–HHTPCo-HHTPCo coordination nodes · 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP)2D · PristineCrystalline conductive HHTP-based c-MOF film; hollow and bulk variants compared.6 · Generality of the HSAID strategy · Fig. 6c,d
PcCu-Zn conductive metal-organic frameworkPcCu-ZnZn nodes coordinated to octahydroxyphthalocyaninato copper ligand; Cu in phthalocyanine core · 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octahydroxyphthalocyaninato copper (PcCu-(OH)8)2D · PristineCrystalline conductive metallophthalocyanine framework film; hollow and bulk variants compared.2 · Results: Synthesis and characterization · Fig. 2c
Zn-HHTP conductive metal-organic frameworkBrowse family: Zn–HHTP familyZn3(HHTP*)2 / Zn-HHTPZnO4 square-planar linkages · 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP)2D · PristineCrystalline 2D conductive MOF with honeycomb/hexagonal framework, 1.1-1.2 nm micropores, and variants with hollow or bulk film morphology.2 · Results: Synthesis and characterization · Fig. 2b

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 25 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Zn-HHTP-B CFD porous-media modelresearch_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpModel · Model System · ModelCFD model of bulk-type Zn-HHTP porous media.model film thickness z0; beta = 0S63 · Supplementary Table 3 · Supplementary Table 3
Zn-HHTP-H CFD porous-media modelresearch_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpModel · Model System · ModelCFD model of hierarchical hollow Zn-HHTP porous media.beta = 0.76S64 · Supplementary Table 4 · Supplementary Table 4
Zn-HHTP-HS CFD porous-media modelresearch_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpModel · Model System · ModelCFD model of small-hollow Zn-HHTP porous media.beta = 0.43S64 · Supplementary Table 4 · Supplementary Table 4
Co-HHTP-B film on nylon 66 membraneresearch_0557__mat__mat_co_hhtpThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkMembrane-supported bulk-type film for gas permeance testing.nylon 66 membraneS58 · Supplementary Figure 49 caption · Supplementary Fig. 49
Co-HHTP-B chemiresistive sensorresearch_0557__mat__mat_co_hhtpElectrode · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkCo-HHTP-B film integrated as bulk-control NH3 chemiresistive device.Si/SiO2 wafer with silver electrodes · ~500 nm c-MOF film; 80 um electrode channel length6 · Generality of the HSAID strategy · Fig. 6f
Co-HHTP-B bulk-type film on Si/SiO2research_0557__mat__mat_co_hhtpThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkBulk-type control film without hollow nanostructure.Si/SiO2 waferS13 · Supplementary Figure 5 caption · Supplementary Fig. 5
Co-HHTP-H film on nylon 66 membraneresearch_0557__mat__mat_co_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkMembrane-supported hollow film for gas permeance testing.nylon 66 membraneS58 · Supplementary Figure 49 caption · Supplementary Fig. 49
Co-HHTP-H chemiresistive sensorresearch_0557__mat__mat_co_hhtpElectrode · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkCo-HHTP-H film integrated as NH3 chemiresistive device.Si/SiO2 wafer with silver electrodes · ~500 nm c-MOF film; 80 um electrode channel length6 · Generality of the HSAID strategy · Fig. 6f
Co-HHTP-H film on Si/SiO2research_0557__mat__mat_co_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkHierarchical hollow film made by ZIF-67-to-Co-HHTP transformation.Si/SiO2 wafer · hollow nanostructure; cross-section scale 500 nm in Fig. 2g3 · Results: Synthesis and characterization · Fig. 2g
PcCu-Zn-B film on nylon 66 membraneresearch_0557__mat__mat_pccu_znThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkMembrane-supported bulk-type film for gas permeance testing.nylon 66 membraneS57 · Supplementary Figure 48 caption · Supplementary Fig. 48
PcCu-Zn-B chemiresistive sensorresearch_0557__mat__mat_pccu_znElectrode · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkPcCu-Zn-B film integrated as bulk-control NH3 chemiresistive device.Si/SiO2 wafer with silver electrodes · ~500 nm c-MOF film; 80 um electrode channel length6 · Generality of the HSAID strategy · Fig. 6e
PcCu-Zn-B bulk-type film on Si/SiO2research_0557__mat__mat_pccu_znThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkBulk-type control film without hollow nanostructure.Si/SiO2 waferS13 · Supplementary Figure 5 caption · Supplementary Fig. 5
PcCu-Zn-H film on nylon 66 membraneresearch_0557__mat__mat_pccu_znThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkMembrane-supported hollow film for gas permeance testing.nylon 66 membraneS57 · Supplementary Figure 48 caption · Supplementary Fig. 48
PcCu-Zn-H chemiresistive sensorresearch_0557__mat__mat_pccu_znElectrode · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkPcCu-Zn-H film integrated as NH3 chemiresistive device.Si/SiO2 wafer with silver electrodes · ~500 nm c-MOF film; 80 um electrode channel length6 · Generality of the HSAID strategy · Fig. 6e
PcCu-Zn-H film on Si/SiO2research_0557__mat__mat_pccu_znThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkHierarchical hollow film made by ZIF-8-to-PcCu-Zn transformation.Si/SiO2 wafer · hollow nanostructure; cross-section scale 1 um in Fig. 2f3 · Results: Synthesis and characterization · Fig. 2f
Zn-HHTP-B film on nylon 66 membraneresearch_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkMembrane-supported bulk-type film for gas permeance testing.nylon 66 membrane · ~500 nmS36 · Supplementary Figure 27 caption · Supplementary Fig. 27
Zn-HHTP-B chemiresistive sensorresearch_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpElectrode · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkFresh bulk-type film integrated as a chemiresistive device.Si/SiO2 wafer with silver electrodes · ~500 nm c-MOF film; 80 um electrode channel length5 · Chemiresistive gas-sensing performance · Fig. 5c
Zn-HHTP-B bulk-type film on Si/SiO2research_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkBulk-type Zn-HHTP film without hierarchical hollow porous structure.Si/SiO2 wafer · ~500 nm3 · Morphology control · Supplementary Figs. 20-21
Zn-HHTP-H film on nylon 66 membraneresearch_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkMembrane-supported hollow film for gas permeance testing.nylon 66 membrane · ~500 nm; membrane diameter 47.0 mm, pore size 0.22 umS36 · Supplementary Figure 27 caption · Supplementary Fig. 27
Zn-HHTP-H chemiresistive sensorresearch_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpElectrode · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkFresh film integrated by depositing silver electrodes and aged in air for 6 h.Si/SiO2 wafer with silver electrodes · ~500 nm c-MOF film; 80 um electrode channel length5 · Chemiresistive gas-sensing performance · Fig. 5b
Zn-HHTP-H film on Si/SiO2research_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkHierarchical hollow film made by in-situ ZIF-8-to-Zn-HHTP transformation.Si/SiO2 wafer · ~500 nm film; ~500 nm hollow cavities; ~20 nm hollow shell3 · Morphology control · Fig. 3a
Zn-HHTP-HS film on nylon 66 membraneresearch_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkMembrane-supported small-hollow film for gas permeance testing.nylon 66 membrane · ~500 nmS36 · Supplementary Figure 27 caption · Supplementary Fig. 27
Zn-HHTP-HS chemiresistive sensorresearch_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpElectrode · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkFresh small-hollow film integrated as a chemiresistive device.Si/SiO2 wafer with silver electrodes · ~500 nm c-MOF film; 80 um electrode channel length5 · Chemiresistive gas-sensing performance · Fig. 5c
Zn-HHTP-HS film on Si/SiO2research_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkSmall-hollow morphology produced by changing HHTP solution composition and temperature.Si/SiO2 wafer · ~500 nm film; small cavities of ~175 nm3 · Morphology control · Supplementary Figs. 13, 16, 17
Zn-HHTP nanowire film on Si/SiO2research_0557__mat__mat_zn_hhtpThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkNanowire morphology produced at high water fraction / higher etching rate.Si/SiO2 waferS21 · Supplementary Figure 13 caption and text · Supplementary Fig. 13