Synthesis · Ordered layered manganese-based metal–organic frameworks induce 2D growth of discharge products via LiO2 adsorbent for high performance lithium–oxygen batteries

10 structured synthesis routes

Completeness describes how fully the route could be reconstructed from the main article and supporting information.

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 1: Other

3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly

Solventsdeionized water; isopropyl alcohol

Additives5% PTFE; conductive carbon black (Super P); Nafion

Atmosphereelectrode prepared in ambient/not reported; battery assembled in high-purity argon glove box

Temperature350; 80

Time0.5 PTFE soak; 0.1667 heat; 2 ultrasonic treatment

Substrate orientationcarbon paper air electrode, d = 14 mm in assembled LOB

Work-upspray levelling layer on hydrophobic carbon paper; ultrasonicate Super-P/Nafion/Mn-MOF slurry; spray catalyst layer at 80 C

Activationnone reported

Show 6 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	carbon paper	sheet; air electrode d = 14 mm	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	PTFE	5% soak; Super P:PTFE mass ratio 4:1 for levelling layer · 5%	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	Super-P	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	Nafion	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Other	Mn-MOF catalyst	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4; total air electrode load 1 mg	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Solvent	isopropyl alcohol	not reported	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 2: Other

3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly

Solventsdeionized water; isopropyl alcohol

Additives5% PTFE; conductive carbon black (Super P); Nafion

Atmosphereelectrode prepared in ambient/not reported; battery assembled in high-purity argon glove box

Temperature350; 80

Time0.5 PTFE soak; 0.1667 heat; 2 ultrasonic treatment

Substrate orientationcarbon paper air electrode, d = 14 mm in assembled LOB

Work-upspray levelling layer on hydrophobic carbon paper; ultrasonicate Super-P/Nafion/Mn-MOF slurry; spray catalyst layer at 80 C

Activationnone reported

Show 6 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	carbon paper	sheet; air electrode d = 14 mm	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	PTFE	5% soak; Super P:PTFE mass ratio 4:1 for levelling layer · 5%	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	Super-P	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	Nafion	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Other	Mn-MOF catalyst	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4; total air electrode load 1 mg	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Solvent	isopropyl alcohol	not reported	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 3: Other

3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly

Solventsdeionized water; isopropyl alcohol

Additives5% PTFE; conductive carbon black (Super P); Nafion

Atmosphereelectrode prepared in ambient/not reported; battery assembled in high-purity argon glove box

Temperature350; 80

Time0.5 PTFE soak; 0.1667 heat; 2 ultrasonic treatment

Substrate orientationcarbon paper air electrode, d = 14 mm in assembled LOB

Work-upspray levelling layer on hydrophobic carbon paper; ultrasonicate Super-P/Nafion/Mn-MOF slurry; spray catalyst layer at 80 C

Activationnone reported

Show 6 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	carbon paper	sheet; air electrode d = 14 mm	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	PTFE	5% soak; Super P:PTFE mass ratio 4:1 for levelling layer · 5%	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	Super-P	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	Nafion	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Other	Mn-MOF catalyst	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4; total air electrode load 1 mg	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Solvent	isopropyl alcohol	not reported	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 4: Other

3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly

Solventsdeionized water; isopropyl alcohol

Additives5% PTFE; conductive carbon black (Super P); Nafion

Atmosphereelectrode prepared in ambient/not reported; battery assembled in high-purity argon glove box

Temperature350; 80

Time0.5 PTFE soak; 0.1667 heat; 2 ultrasonic treatment

Substrate orientationcarbon paper air electrode, d = 14 mm in assembled LOB

Work-upspray levelling layer on hydrophobic carbon paper; ultrasonicate Super-P/Nafion/Mn-MOF slurry; spray catalyst layer at 80 C

Activationnone reported

Show 6 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	carbon paper	sheet; air electrode d = 14 mm	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	PTFE	5% soak; Super P:PTFE mass ratio 4:1 for levelling layer · 5%	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	Super-P	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	Nafion	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Other	Mn-MOF catalyst	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4; total air electrode load 1 mg	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Solvent	isopropyl alcohol	not reported	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 5: Other

3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly

Solventsdeionized water; isopropyl alcohol

Additives5% PTFE; conductive carbon black (Super P); Nafion

Atmosphereelectrode prepared in ambient/not reported; battery assembled in high-purity argon glove box

Temperature350; 80

Time0.5 PTFE soak; 0.1667 heat; 2 ultrasonic treatment

Substrate orientationcarbon paper air electrode, d = 14 mm in assembled LOB

Work-upspray levelling layer on hydrophobic carbon paper; ultrasonicate Super-P/Nafion/Mn-MOF slurry; spray catalyst layer at 80 C

Activationnone reported

Show 6 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	carbon paper	sheet; air electrode d = 14 mm	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	PTFE	5% soak; Super P:PTFE mass ratio 4:1 for levelling layer · 5%	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	Super-P	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Additive	Nafion	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Other	Mn-MOF catalyst	Super-P:Nafion:Mn-MOF mass ratio 15:1:4; total air electrode load 1 mg	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly
Solvent	isopropyl alcohol	not reported	3 · Electrode preparation and battery assembly

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 6: Solvothermal

3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials

Metal precursors1 mmol Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O

Linker precursors1 mmol 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDCA)

Solvents30 mL N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)

Atmospherenot reported

Temperature120

Time24

Work-upcool to room temperature; wash precipitate several times with ethanol; dry at 60 C for 12 h

Activationnot reported beyond drying

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O	1 mmol	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials
Linker	2,4-PDCA	1 mmol	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials
Solvent	DMF	30 mL	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 7: Solvothermal

3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials

Metal precursors1 mmol Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O

Linker precursors1 mmol 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDCA)

Solvents30 mL N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)

Atmospherenot reported

Temperature140

Time24

Work-upcool to room temperature; wash precipitate several times with ethanol; dry at 60 C for 12 h

Activationnot reported beyond drying

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O	1 mmol	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials
Linker	2,4-PDCA	1 mmol	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials
Solvent	DMF	30 mL	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 8: Solvothermal

3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials

Metal precursors1 mmol Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O

Linker precursors1 mmol 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDCA)

Solvents30 mL N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)

Atmospherenot reported

Temperature160

Time24

Work-upcool to room temperature; wash precipitate several times with ethanol; dry at 60 C for 12 h

Activationnot reported beyond drying

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O	1 mmol	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials
Linker	2,4-PDCA	1 mmol	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials
Solvent	DMF	30 mL	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 9: Solvothermal

3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials

Metal precursors1 mmol Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O

Linker precursors1 mmol 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDCA)

Solvents30 mL N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)

Atmospherenot reported

Temperature180

Time24

Work-upcool to room temperature; wash precipitate several times with ethanol; dry at 60 C for 12 h

Activationnot reported beyond drying

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O	1 mmol	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials
Linker	2,4-PDCA	1 mmol	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials
Solvent	DMF	30 mL	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials

Complete recipeSource: Main

Route 10: Solvothermal

3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials

Metal precursors1 mmol Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O

Linker precursors1 mmol 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDCA)

Solvents30 mL N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)

Atmospherenot reported

Temperature200

Time24

Work-upcool to room temperature; wash precipitate several times with ethanol; dry at 60 C for 12 h

Activationnot reported beyond drying

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O	1 mmol	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials
Linker	2,4-PDCA	1 mmol	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials
Solvent	DMF	30 mL	3 · Synthesis of Mn-MOF cathode catalytic materials