Synthesis · Fabrication of high-performance supercapacitor of surface-engineered ZIF-8 for energy storage applications

7 structured synthesis routes

Completeness describes how fully the route could be reconstructed from the main article and supporting information.

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 1: Drop Cast

3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application

Metal precursors1-Ag@ZIF-8 active material

Solventsethanol

Additivescarbon black; Nafion

Atmosphereambient/room temperature drying

Temperatureroom temperature

Timeovernight drying; 10 min sonication before coating

Substrate orientationNi foam current collector, 1 x 1 cm2

Work-upslurry sonicated 10 min, applied to Ni foam, dried overnight at room temperature

Show 7 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	1-Ag@ZIF-8 active material	80 parts by mixture ratio	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Additive	carbon black	10 parts by mixture ratio	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Additive	Nafion	10 parts by mixture ratio	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Solvent	ethanol	Not specified	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Acid	3 M HCl	3 M	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Solvent	deionized water	Not specified	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Solvent	acetone	Not specified	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application

Partial recipeSource: Both

Route 2: Other

3 · Surface-engineering of Ag@ ZIF-8

Metal precursorsZIF-8; silver nitrate

Linker precursorsZIF-8 framework linker already present

Additiveselectroactive biofilm developed from Shewanella oneidensis on carbon paper anode in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell with Luria Broth medium

Atmospherenot specified for Ag deposition; biological culture incubated aerobically/standard incubator conditions not explicitly stated

Temperature30 deg C overnight for LB agar plates; 37 deg C overnight at 250 rpm for broth culture

Timebiofilm developed for two weeks in main text; MFC autoclaving 30 min and LB autoclaving 16 min; overnight culture steps

Substrate orientationwithout wet proof carbon paper anode, 2.5 cm x 4.5 cm, as biofilm support

Oxidant / reductantAgNO3 metal precursor, 1 mM

Work-upS. oneidensis from -80 deg C glycerol stock streaked onto LB agar, incubated overnight, single colony grown in 250 mL LB broth, re-inoculated into MFC anode chamber at 1:100; developed biofilm used for Ag@ZIF-8 fabrication

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	ZIF-8	Not specified	3 · Surface-engineering of Ag@ ZIF-8
Metal Source	silver nitrate	1 mM	3 · Surface-engineering of Ag@ ZIF-8
Additive	Shewanella oneidensis electroactive biofilm	developed for two weeks	3 · Surface-engineering of Ag@ ZIF-8

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 3: Drop Cast

3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application

Metal precursors2-Ag@ZIF-8 active material

Solventsethanol

Additivescarbon black; Nafion

Atmosphereambient/room temperature drying

Temperatureroom temperature

Timeovernight drying; 10 min sonication before coating

Substrate orientationNi foam current collector, 1 x 1 cm2

Work-upslurry sonicated 10 min, applied to Ni foam, dried overnight at room temperature

Show 7 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	2-Ag@ZIF-8 active material	80 parts by mixture ratio	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Additive	carbon black	10 parts by mixture ratio	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Additive	Nafion	10 parts by mixture ratio	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Solvent	ethanol	Not specified	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Acid	3 M HCl	3 M	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Solvent	deionized water	Not specified	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Solvent	acetone	Not specified	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application

Partial recipeSource: Both

Route 4: Other

3 · Surface-engineering of Ag@ ZIF-8

Metal precursorsZIF-8; silver nitrate

Linker precursorsZIF-8 framework linker already present

Additiveselectroactive biofilm developed from Shewanella oneidensis on carbon paper anode in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell with Luria Broth medium

Atmospherenot specified for Ag deposition; biological culture incubated aerobically/standard incubator conditions not explicitly stated

Temperature30 deg C overnight for LB agar plates; 37 deg C overnight at 250 rpm for broth culture

Timebiofilm developed for two weeks in main text; MFC autoclaving 30 min and LB autoclaving 16 min; overnight culture steps

Substrate orientationwithout wet proof carbon paper anode, 2.5 cm x 4.5 cm, as biofilm support

Oxidant / reductantAgNO3 metal precursor, 2 mM

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	ZIF-8	Not specified	3 · Surface-engineering of Ag@ ZIF-8
Metal Source	silver nitrate	2 mM	3 · Surface-engineering of Ag@ ZIF-8
Additive	Shewanella oneidensis electroactive biofilm	developed for two weeks	3 · Surface-engineering of Ag@ ZIF-8

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 5: Other

7 · 3.2.3. Full cell performance as hybrid supercapacitor · Fig. 7

Metal precursorsAg@ZIF-8 electrode cathode; activated carbon anode

Linker precursorsZIF-8 linker in Ag@ZIF-8 cathode

Solvents3 M KOH aqueous electrolyte

Additivesactivated carbon anode

Work-upHybrid capacitor assembled with Ag@ZIF-8 cathode and AC anode; mass balance equation reported, but actual masses and separator/cell hardware are not specified.

Show 3 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	Ag@ZIF-8 cathode	Not specified	7 · 3.2.3. Full cell performance as hybrid supercapacitor · Fig. 7
Other	activated carbon anode	Not specified	7 · 3.2.3. Full cell performance as hybrid supercapacitor · Fig. 7
Electrolyte	KOH aqueous electrolyte	3 M	7 · 3.2.3. Full cell performance as hybrid supercapacitor · Fig. 7

Partial recipeSource: Main

Route 6: Drop Cast

3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application

Metal precursorsZIF-8 active material

Solventsethanol

Additivescarbon black; Nafion

Atmosphereambient/room temperature drying

Temperatureroom temperature

Timeovernight drying; 10 min sonication before coating

Substrate orientationNi foam current collector, 1 x 1 cm2

Work-upslurry sonicated 10 min, applied to Ni foam, dried overnight at room temperature

Show 7 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	ZIF-8 active material	80 parts by mixture ratio	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Additive	carbon black	10 parts by mixture ratio	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Additive	Nafion	10 parts by mixture ratio	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Solvent	ethanol	Not specified	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Acid	3 M HCl	3 M	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Solvent	deionized water	Not specified	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application
Solvent	acetone	Not specified	3 · 2.1. Development of electrodes for energy-storage application

Partial recipeSource: Both

Route 7: Other

2 · Preparation of ZIF-8

Metal precursorsZinc nitrate hexahydrate, Zn(NO)3·6H2O as written in SI

Linker precursors2-methylimidazole

Solventsaqueous medium/deionized water for Zn(NO)3.6H2O solution; methanol/methanolic solvent for 2-methylimidazole solution

Temperatureambient temperature / room temperature

Time3 h stirring

Work-upwhite precipitate collected by filtration, washed, and dried

Show 4 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Metal Source	Zn(NO)3·6H2O	Not specified	2 · Preparation of ZIF-8
Linker	2-methylimidazole	Not specified	2 · Preparation of ZIF-8
Solvent	methanol / methanolic solvent	Not specified	2 · Preparation of ZIF-8
Solvent	deionized water	Not specified	2 · Preparation of ZIF-8