Primary studyCore evidenceTransport Physics

Super Proton Conductivity Through Control of Hydrogen-Bonding Networks in Flexible Metal–Organic Frameworks

Kwon N.H., Han S., Kim J. et al. · Small · 2023 · 2301122

4materials
10samples
10synthesis routes
23measurements
105results
6claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

CaveatSupport assessment: Medium

PXRD patterns indicate parent and imidazole-loaded MOFs retain crystallinity after water exposure and EIS testing under reported conditions.

Caveat: Stability claim is based on PXRD pattern consistency; no long-term chemical-leaching data were reported in the extracted text.

p004 · 2.3 · Figure S18 · Linked to 1 structured result

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

Increasing imidazole loading drives MIL-88B from small-breathing to large-breathing states, expanding the unit cell and producing denser imidazole-mediated hydrogen-bonding networks.

Caveat: Cell parameters are from Le Bail refinement; hydrogen-bonding details are supported partly by simulations.

p002 · 2.2 · Figure 2; Table S3; Table S4 · Linked to 8 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

Functional groups can improve water-mediated conduction, but in imidazole-loaded MIL-88B the acid/base groups can hinder carrier mobility; pristine Im@MIL-88B-LB outperforms NH2 and SO3H analogues.

Caveat: Mechanistic interpretation about restricted imidazolium motion is inferred from conductivity and simulations rather than directly imaged dynamics.

p004 · 2.3 · Figure 3; Figure S16 · Linked to 6 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

A rigid larger-pore MIL-101 analogue loaded with imidazole conducts less well than Im@MIL-88B-LB, supporting the paper's claim that flexible breathing and self-adapted pore size matter, not simply larger pore volume.

Caveat: MIL-101 was used as a first-hand rigid larger-pore comparison, but detailed MIL-101 porosity values were not tabulated in the extracted SI.

p006 · 2.5 · Figures S25-S26 · Linked to 2 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Im@MIL-88B-LB gives the highest reported first-hand conductivity in this paper, 8.93 x 10^-2 S cm^-1 at 60 deg C and 95% RH, despite lacking added functional groups.

Caveat: The broader 'highest among imidazole-loaded proton conductors' comparison relies on literature table values not extracted as first-hand evidence.

p007 · Conclusion · Linked to 1 structured result

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Imidazole loading lowers the activation energy from 0.41 eV in MIL-88B to 0.17 eV in Im@MIL-88B-LB, consistent with a Grotthuss-like proton hopping pathway in a continuous hydrogen-bond network.

Caveat: Grotthuss assignment is mechanistic interpretation from low activation energy and network formation.

p004 · 2.3 · Figure S16 · Linked to 2 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
MIL-101 (Fe)MIL-101 framework from FeCl3 and H2BDC; exact formula not stated in extractable textFe-based MIL-101 nodes · Terephthalate linker H2BDC3D · PristineRigid framework isomer with larger pores, used as a control for imidazole-mediated conduction.S3 · Experimental Procedures - Synthesis of MIL-101 · Figure S25
MIL-88B[Fe3O(OH)(H2O)2(BDC)3]; BDC = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylateSix-connected Fe3O(OH)(H2O)2(CO2)6 secondary building units · Terephthalate-derived BDC linker, X = H3D · PristineFlexible MIL-88B framework; PXRD compared with simulated/reported MIL-88B and open-form MIL-88B.p002 · 2.1. Synthesis and Structure of Imidazole-Loaded MOFs · Figure 1
MIL-88B-NH2[Fe3O(OH)(H2O)2(BDC-NH2)3]Six-connected Fe3O(OH)(H2O)2(CO2)6 secondary building units · 2-aminoterephthalate linker (BDC-NH2)3D · PristineFunctionalised MIL-88B analogue; PXRD/SEM agree with reported MIL-88B-NH2 structure.p002 · 2.1 · Figure 1b; Figure S2
MIL-88B-SO3H[Fe3O(OH)(H2O)2(BDC-SO3H)3]Six-connected Fe3O(OH)(H2O)2(CO2)6 secondary building units · Sulfonated terephthalate linker (BDC-SO3H)3D · PristineFunctionalised MIL-88B analogue with open-form-like PXRD and larger pore width than MIL-88B.p002 · 2.1 · Figure 1b; Table S1

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 10 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Im@MIL-101research_0649__mat__mat_mil101Powder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedMIL-101 imidazole-loaded by the same vapour-diffusion condition as Im@MIL-88B-LB; pressed as pellet for EIS.S3 · Preparation of Imidazole-Loaded MOFs · Figure S26
Im@MIL-88B-LBresearch_0649__mat__mat_mil88bPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedMIL-88B loaded with imidazole by vapour diffusion to the large-breathing state; pressed as pellets for EIS.p004 · 2.3. Proton Conducting Characteristics · Figure 3
Im@MIL-88B-LB (solution comparison)research_0649__mat__mat_mil88bPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedMIL-88B-LB prepared by solution-based imidazole loading for elemental-analysis comparison.S3-S4 · Preparation of Imidazole-Loaded MOFs · Table S2
Im@MIL-88B-NH2research_0649__mat__mat_mil88b_nh2Powder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedSolution-loaded imidazole in MIL-88B-NH2; pressed as pellets for EIS.S3 · Preparation of Imidazole-Loaded MOFs · Table S4
Im@MIL-88B-SBresearch_0649__mat__mat_mil88bPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedMIL-88B loaded with imidazole by vapour diffusion to the small-breathing state; pressed as pellets for EIS.p002 · 2.2. Control of Breathing Behaviors in Im@MIL-88B · Figure 2; Table S4
Im@MIL-88B-SO3Hresearch_0649__mat__mat_mil88b_so3hPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedSolution-loaded imidazole in MIL-88B-SO3H; pressed as pellets for EIS.S3 · Preparation of Imidazole-Loaded MOFs · Table S4
MIL-101research_0649__mat__mat_mil101Powder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkRigid MIL-101 powder comparison prepared from FeCl3 and H2BDC.S3 · Synthesis of MIL-101 · Figure S25
MIL-88Bresearch_0649__mat__mat_mil88bPowder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkAs-synthesised/dried parent powder; pressed as pellets for conductivity.p002-p003 · 2.1 · Figures 1b, 2c-d
MIL-88B-NH2research_0649__mat__mat_mil88b_nh2Powder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkAmino-functionalised parent powder; pressed as pellets for conductivity.p002 · 2.1 · Figure 1b
MIL-88B-SO3Hresearch_0649__mat__mat_mil88b_so3hPowder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkSulfonic-acid-functionalised powder after sodium-removal soak; pressed as pellets for conductivity.S2-S3 · Experimental Procedures - Synthesis of MIL-88B-SO3H · Table S1