Primary studyCore evidenceThin Film Device

Electrochromism in Isoreticular Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films with Record High Coloration Efficiency

Kumar A., Li J., Inge A.K. et al. · ACS Nano · 2023 · 21595-21603

3materials
6samples
9synthesis routes
15measurements
45results
5claims and caveats

Evidence map

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Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

Zn-PDI@FTO exhibits the best reported MOF colouration efficiency in the authors' comparison, 941 +- 35 cm2 C-1 at 746 nm, with high optical contrast and cycling retention.

Caveat: Record claim is relative to the literature comparison available to the authors in 2023 and is an electrochromic metric, not bulk electrical conductivity.

6 · Electrochromic Performances · Figure 5/Table S3 · Linked to 5 structured results

Phase AssignmentSupport assessment: High

The three Zn-XDI MOFs adopt a common isoreticular monoclinic C2 structure with pyrazolate-bridged tetrahedral Zn2+ chains.

Caveat: Zn-PDI and Zn-PMDI structures were modelled by analogy to Zn-NDI rather than solved independently from single-crystal data in this paper.

4 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2 · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

Similar transition scan rates and Dapp_e values across different pore apertures are attributed to crystallite orientation: channels run parallel to FTO, while charge propagation is normal to the substrate.

Caveat: This is a mechanistic proposal by the authors, not a directly imaged ion-transport pathway.

5 · Electrochemistry of Isoreticular MOF Thin Films · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

High colouration efficiency is attributed to electronically isolated redox-active XDI linkers that maximise Faradaic transformations and minimise capacitive charge losses.

Caveat: Attribution is mechanistic interpretation; capacitive losses were inferred rather than separately quantified in a reported result row.

6 · Electrochromic Performances · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Electron transport through the Zn-XDI thin films proceeds by cation-coupled electron hopping between electronically isolated XDI linker units.

Caveat: The apparent diffusion coefficients are derived from spectroelectrochemical chronoamperometry rather than direct two-probe/four-probe conductivity.

4 · Electrochemistry of Isoreticular MOF Thin Films · Eq 1/Figures S21-S28 · Linked to 6 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Zn-NDIZn-XDI framework with X = N; exact empirical formula not statedinfinite chain of tetrahedral Zn2+ ions bridged by pyrazolate groups · dipyrazole-terminated naphthalene diimide (NDI)3D · Pristinecommon isoreticular structure type, monoclinic C2 space group; structural model previously reported for Zn-NDI4 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2
Zn-PDIZn-XDI framework with X = P; exact empirical formula not statedinfinite chain of tetrahedral Zn2+ ions bridged by pyrazolate groups · dipyrazole-terminated tetrachloroperylene diimide (PDI)3D · Pristinemodel built by analogy to Zn-NDI and optimised in Materials Studio; monoclinic C2 common structure type2 · Results and Discussion · Figure 1
Zn-PMDIZn-XDI framework with X = PM; exact empirical formula not statedinfinite chain of tetrahedral Zn2+ ions bridged by pyrazolate groups · dipyrazole-terminated pyromellitic diimide (PMDI)3D · Pristinecommon isoreticular structure type, monoclinic C2 space group; orthogonal channels parallel to FTO in thin films4 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 6 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Zn-NDI@FTO thin filmresearch_0657__mat__mat_zn_ndiThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkMOF film grown on FTO, washed with DMF, sonicated 1 min, soaked in DMF until usefluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), 7 ohm/sq; FTO side facing down during solvothermal growth · around 650 nm overall; ImageJ rendered table for Figure S10 gives mean length about 680 nm11 · Thin-film characterization · Figure S10
Zn-NDI microcrystalline powderresearch_0657__mat__mat_zn_ndiPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkbulk MOF microcrystalline powder from solvothermal synthesisnone7 · General Methods
Zn-PDI@FTO thin filmresearch_0657__mat__mat_zn_pdiThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkMOF film grown on FTO, washed with DMF, sonicated 1 min, soaked in DMF until usefluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), 7 ohm/sq; FTO side facing down during solvothermal growth · around 650 nm overall; ImageJ rendered table for Figure S8 gives mean length about 618 nm10 · Thin-film characterization · Figure S8
Zn-PDI microcrystalline powderresearch_0657__mat__mat_zn_pdiPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkbulk MOF microcrystalline powder from solvothermal synthesisnone7 · General Methods
Zn-PMDI@FTO thin filmresearch_0657__mat__mat_zn_pmdiThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkMOF film grown on FTO, washed with DMF, sonicated 1 min, soaked in DMF until usefluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), 7 ohm/sq; FTO side facing down during solvothermal growth · around 650 nm overall; ImageJ rendered table for Figure S6 gives mean length about 646 nm9 · Thin film formation · Figure S6
Zn-PMDI microcrystalline powderresearch_0657__mat__mat_zn_pmdiPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkbulk MOF microcrystalline powder from solvothermal synthesisnone7 · General Methods