Wang D., Zhu H.-M., Zhou Z.-M. et al. · Wuli Xuebao/Acta Physica Sinica · 2015 · 038403
Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.
Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.
The improved morphology and crystallinity of the GBL-derived film explain the much higher photovoltaic efficiency, voltage, current density, and fill factor relative to the DMF-derived device.
Caveat: Only representative device values are reported; no statistics or error bars are provided.
038403-4 · 3.1 · Figure 3 · Linked to 8 structured results
DMF spin-coating first forms an unstable layered PbI2-MAI-DMF MOF-like intermediate rather than directly forming fully converted MAPbI3.
Caveat: The MOF assignment is inferred from XRD/UV and residual DMF discussion; no CIF or independent structure refinement is supplied.
038403-5 · 3.2 · Figure 5(a,b) · Linked to 3 structured results
During 100 C annealing, DMF escape collapses the layered MOF intermediate and causes volume shrinkage, poor TiO2 filling, dislocations, and cracked/rough strip-like crystals.
Caveat: Mechanistic interpretation is consistent with the observations but not directly time-resolved.
038403-6 · 3.3 · Figure 6(b,c) · Linked to 3 structured results
GBL-derived MAPbI3 crystallises directly during thermal treatment, giving better mesoporous TiO2 filling, lower defect density, and higher crystallinity than the DMF-derived film.
Caveat: Defect density is qualitative from HRTEM observations, not a quantified defect concentration.
038403-6 · 3.3 · Figure 6(d,e) · Linked to 3 structured results
Differences in Pb2+-solvent coordination strength control solubility and precipitation: DMF coordinates Pb2+ strongly and stabilises the intermediate, while GBL coordinates more weakly and allows direct MAPbI3 crystallisation on heating.
Caveat: Coordination strength is inferred from solubility/precipitation behaviour rather than directly measured coordination constants.
038403-4 · 3.2 · Figure 4 · Linked to 3 structured results
Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.
| Material | Composition | Structure context | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| methylammonium lead iodide perovskite | CH3NH3PbI3 / MAPbI3Pb(II) iodide perovskite framework · methylammonium cation (CH3NH3+) | 3D · PristineHybrid lead iodide perovskite thin film with XRD peaks assigned to (110), (220), and (330). | 038403-5 · 3.2 · Figure 5 |
| methylammonium iodide precursor | CH3NH3I / MAImethylammonium iodide | 0D · UnknownWhite powder precursor prepared from methylamine and hydroiodic acid. | 038403-2 · 2.1 |
| PbI2-MAI-DMF layered MOF intermediate | PbI2.MAI.xDMFPb(II) iodide layers described as edge-sharing [PbI6]4- octahedral layers · methylammonium iodide (MAI) and coordinated/residual N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) | 2D · PristineLayered metal-organic-framework-like intermediate inferred from low-angle XRD peaks and residual DMF during DMF spin-coating before thermal annealing. | 038403-5 · 3.2 · Figure 5(a) |
Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.
| Sample | Form and role | Processing and geometry | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| DMF-derived MAPbI3 film on copper gridresearch_0722__mat__mat_mapbi3_perovskite | Thin Film · Paper Level Unspecified · Unknown | DMF precursor dropped onto copper grid, quickly spun dry, then heated at 100 C for 0.5 h.copper TEM grid | 038403-3 · 3.1 · Figure 2(a) |
| DMF-derived mesoporous MAPbI3 solar-cell deviceresearch_0722__mat__mat_mapbi3_perovskite | Electrode · Composite Sample · Composite | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous TiO2/MAPbI3/spiro-MeOTAD/Ag device fabricated from DMF-derived film.FTO glass · compact TiO2 about 30 nm; mesoporous TiO2 about 500 nm; Ag about 100 nm | 038403-2 · 2.3 |
| DMF-derived MAPbI3 film on mesoporous TiO2research_0722__mat__mat_mapbi3_perovskite | Thin Film · Paper Level Unspecified · Composite | 4000 r/min spin-coated from DMF solution and annealed in glovebox at 100 C for 0.5 h.mesoporous TiO2 on compact TiO2/FTO glass · needle/ribbon crystals about 200 nm thick; capping layer not uniform | 038403-2 · 2.3 · Figure 1(a-c) |
| unannealed DMF-derived PbI2-MAI-DMF layered MOF filmresearch_0722__mat__mat_pbi2_mai_dmf_layered_mof | Thin Film · Target Sample · Guest Loaded | MAPbI3 DMF precursor spin-coated for about 30 s; not thermally annealed before XRD/UV characterisation.mesoporous TiO2 on compact TiO2/FTO glass | 038403-5 · 3.2 · Figure 5(a) |
| 40 wt% MAPbI3 DMF precursor solutionresearch_0722__mat__mat_mapbi3_perovskite | Unknown · Paper Level Unspecified · Unknown | Equimolar PbI2 and MAI in DMF, stirred 1 h. | 038403-2 · 2.2 |
| GBL-derived MAPbI3 film on copper gridresearch_0722__mat__mat_mapbi3_perovskite | Thin Film · Paper Level Unspecified · Unknown | GBL precursor dropped onto copper grid, quickly spun dry, then heated at 100 C for 0.5 h.copper TEM grid | 038403-3 · 3.1 · Figure 2(b) |
| GBL-derived mesoporous MAPbI3 solar-cell deviceresearch_0722__mat__mat_mapbi3_perovskite | Electrode · Composite Sample · Composite | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous TiO2/MAPbI3/spiro-MeOTAD/Ag device fabricated from GBL-derived film.FTO glass · compact TiO2 about 30 nm; mesoporous TiO2 about 500 nm; Ag about 100 nm | 038403-2 · 2.3 |
| GBL-derived MAPbI3 film on mesoporous TiO2research_0722__mat__mat_mapbi3_perovskite | Thin Film · Paper Level Unspecified · Composite | 4000 r/min spin-coated from heated 60 C GBL solution and annealed in glovebox at 100 C for 1 h in the methods section.mesoporous TiO2 on compact TiO2/FTO glass · uniform capping layer about 200 nm thick | 038403-2 · 2.3 · Figure 1(d-f) |
| 40 wt% MAPbI3 GBL precursor solutionresearch_0722__mat__mat_mapbi3_perovskite | Unknown · Paper Level Unspecified · Unknown | Equimolar PbI2 and MAI in GBL, heated to 60 C and stirred 1 h. | 038403-2 · 2.2 |
| MAI white powder precursorresearch_0722__mat__mat_methylammonium_iodide | Powder · Paper Level Unspecified · Unknown | Vacuum dried at 60 C for 12 h after ether washing. | 038403-2 · 2.1 |