Primary studyCore evidenceThin Film Device

Tunable Capacitive Behavior in Metallopolymer-based Electrochromic Thin Film Supercapacitors

Mukkatt I., Mohanachandran A.P., Nirmala A. et al. · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · 2022 · 31900-31910

7materials
16samples
9synthesis routes
18measurements
38results
6claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

High volumetric capacitance, energy density, conductivity and electrochromic switching make these thin-film metallopolymers candidates for compact microenergy storage and wearable/on-chip devices.

Caveat: Demonstrated as symmetric supercapacitor cells, not integrated on-chip devices.

p001 · Abstract · Linked to 5 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: Medium

Electrochemical addressability of the electrochromic metallopolymer thin films is limited at thicknesses above 250 nm, while behaviour is similar below 200 nm.

Caveat: Statement is qualitative; no full thickness series values are tabulated.

p009 · BET Surface Area and Conductivity · Linked to 3 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

The volumetric capacitance and charge-discharge properties correlate directly with measured electrical conductivity rather than BET surface area for these low-surface-area metallopolymers.

Caveat: Authors note that charge-transfer resistance, mass transport and faradaic/non-faradaic processes cannot be rigorously excluded.

p009 · Conclusions · Linked to 9 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

The extended conjugation in L2 is proposed to enhance through-plane conductivity in poly-Fe-L2 via better pi-d conjugation, efficient charge delocalisation and interlayer stacking.

Caveat: Mechanistic assignment is interpretive; authors state that individual through-bond, through-plane, through-space and hopping contributions are difficult to isolate.

p008-p009 · BET Surface Area and Conductivity · Figure S12 · Linked to 4 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

Electron transfer in less porous poly-Fe-L2 assemblies is suggested to be limited by slow diffusion, unlike poly-Fe-L1 and poly-Fe-L3.

Caveat: Based on scan-rate trends and morphology/porosity interpretation rather than a direct diffusion coefficient.

p005 · Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry · Figure 4 · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

Charge storage is predominantly pseudocapacitive, with possible contributions from faradaic, non-faradaic and mass-transport phenomena; EDL-only storage is not supported.

Caveat: Small EDL contributions cannot be rigorously excluded according to the authors.

p007 · Capacitance · Figure 6b; Figure S7 · Linked to 4 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
L1 terpyridine ligandC90H58N12tetrakis-terpyridine ligand based on tetrabromobenzene and boronic acid 30D · UnknownMolecular precursor ligand for poly-Fe-L1.p004 · Synthesis of L1 · Scheme S2
L2 terpyridine ligandC110H72N12tetraphenylethylene tetrakis-terpyridine ligand0D · UnknownMolecular precursor ligand for poly-Fe-L2.p006 · Step 3: Synthesis of L2 · Scheme S3
L3 terpyridine ligandC110H72N12 reported in SI mass line; bithiophene-containing ligandbithiophene tetrakis-terpyridine ligand0D · UnknownMolecular precursor ligand for poly-Fe-L3.p006-p007 · Synthesis of L3 · Scheme S4
poly-Fe-L1[Fe(L1)2]n(PF6)2nFe(II) centres coordinated by terpyridine ligands · L1 terpyridine ligand with benzene coreunknown · PristineAmorphous Fe(II)-terpyridine metallopolymer PF6 salt; schematic coordination polymer, not an essentially planar 2D structure.p003-p004 · Results and Discussion - Synthesis and Characterization · Figure 1; Figure 3
poly-Fe-L2[Fe(L2)2]n(PF6)2nFe(II) centres coordinated by terpyridine ligands · L2 terpyridine ligand with tetraphenylethylene coreunknown · PristineAmorphous Fe(II)-terpyridine metallopolymer PF6 salt; less porous grain-like assembly than L1/L3 films.p004-p008 · Results and Discussion · Figure 3; Figure 6; Figure S12
poly-Fe-L3[Fe(L3)2]n(PF6)2nFe(II) centres coordinated by terpyridine ligands · L3 terpyridine ligand with bithiophene coreunknown · PristineAmorphous Fe(II)-terpyridine metallopolymer PF6 salt; macroporous assembly with lower conductivity and capacitance than L2.p003-p008 · Results and Discussion · Figure 1; Figure S11
DFT cluster models of poly-Fe-L1, poly-Fe-L2 and poly-Fe-L3cluster model fragmentsFe centre defined with LANL2DZ basis set and pseudopotential · cluster systems cut from L1-L3 metallopolymer structures0D · Model SystemPBE/BS1 DFT cluster models confirming octahedral coordination modes.p010,p017 · Computational Calculations · Figure S13

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 16 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
L1 ligand precursorresearch_0756__mat__mat_l1_ligandPowder · Unknown · Unknownwhite solid after column chromatographyp004 · Synthesis of L1 · Scheme S2
L2 ligand precursorresearch_0756__mat__mat_l2_ligandPowder · Unknown · Unknownwhite solid after column chromatographyp006 · Step 3: Synthesis of L2 · Scheme S3
L3 ligand precursorresearch_0756__mat__mat_l3_ligandPowder · Unknown · Unknownwhite solid after column chromatographyp007 · Synthesis of L3 · Scheme S4
poly-Fe-L1 symmetric supercapacitor electrode compositeresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l1Electrode · Composite Sample · Composite1 cm2 electrode; metallopolymer mixed with activated charcoal and PTFE in 8:1:1 mass ratiop003,p007 · Preparation of the Electrodes and Electrochemical Measurements; Capacitance · Figure 6
poly-Fe-L1 four-probe drop-cast glass filmresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l1Thin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Framework2 mg metallopolymer dissolved in methanol/dichloromethane (1:1 v/v, 200 microL), drop-cast on glassglass · 185 +/- 4 nmp003,p008 · Determination of Resistivity and Electrical Conductivity by 4-Probe Measurements · Figure S12
poly-Fe-L1 isolated metallopolymer powderresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l1Powder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkPF6 salt precipitated from water, washed with DI water and vacuum driedp007 · Synthesis of the Metallopolymers
poly-Fe-L1 drop-cast thin filmresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l1Thin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkmetallopolymer in MeOH drop-cast on transparent conducting oxide substrates; coated on mica for AFMTCO/FTO or freshly cleaved mica depending on measurement · below 200 nm for addressable capacitive/conductive films; electrochemical addressability limited above 250 nmp005,p009 · Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry; BET Surface Area and Conductivity · Figure 3; Figure 5
poly-Fe-L2 symmetric supercapacitor electrode compositeresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l2Electrode · Composite Sample · Composite1 cm2 electrode; metallopolymer mixed with activated charcoal and PTFE in 8:1:1 mass ratiop009 · Preparation of the Electrodes and Electrochemical Measurements · Figure S7; Table S1
poly-Fe-L2 four-probe drop-cast glass filmresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l2Thin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Framework2 mg metallopolymer dissolved in methanol/dichloromethane (1:1 v/v, 200 microL), drop-cast on glassglass · 185 +/- 4 nmp008 · BET Surface Area and Conductivity · Figure S12
poly-Fe-L2 isolated metallopolymer powderresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l2Powder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkPF6 salt precipitated from water, washed with DI water and vacuum driedp007 · Synthesis of the Metallopolymers
poly-Fe-L2 drop-cast thin filmresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l2Thin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkmetallopolymer in MeOH drop-cast on transparent conducting oxide substrates; coated on mica for AFMTCO/FTO or freshly cleaved mica depending on measurement · below 200 nm for addressable capacitive/conductive films; electrochemical addressability limited above 250 nmp004-p005,p009 · Synthesis and Characterization; Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry · Figure 3; Figure 5
poly-Fe-L3 symmetric supercapacitor electrode compositeresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l3Electrode · Composite Sample · Composite1 cm2 electrode; metallopolymer mixed with activated charcoal and PTFE in 8:1:1 mass ratiop009 · Preparation of the Electrodes and Electrochemical Measurements · Figure S7
poly-Fe-L3 four-probe drop-cast glass filmresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l3Thin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Framework2 mg metallopolymer dissolved in methanol/dichloromethane (1:1 v/v, 200 microL), drop-cast on glassglass · 185 +/- 4 nmp008 · BET Surface Area and Conductivity · Figure S12
poly-Fe-L3 isolated metallopolymer powderresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l3Powder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkPF6 salt precipitated from water, washed with DI water and vacuum driedp007 · Synthesis of the Metallopolymers
poly-Fe-L3 drop-cast thin filmresearch_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_l3Thin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkmetallopolymer in MeOH drop-cast on transparent conducting oxide substrates; coated on mica for AFMTCO/FTO or freshly cleaved mica depending on measurement · below 200 nm for addressable capacitive/conductive films; electrochemical addressability limited above 250 nmp005,p009 · Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry; BET Surface Area and Conductivity · Figure 3; Figure 5
PBE/BS1 DFT cluster models for poly-Fe-L1/L2/L3research_0756__mat__mat_poly_fe_modelModel · Model System · Modelcluster model cut from chemical structure; hydrogens omitted in figure for clarityp010,p017 · Computational Calculations · Figure S13