Synthesis · Solar-driven ionic power generation: Via a film of nanocellulose @ conductive metal-organic framework

4 structured synthesis routes

Completeness describes how fully the route could be reconstructed from the main article and supporting information.

Vague recipeSource: SI

Route 1: Other

p018 · Supplementary Results · Fig. S12

Metal precursorsNi-HITP particles

AdditivesCladophora cellulose

Show 2 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	Cladophora cellulose	Not specified	p018 · Supplementary Results · Fig. S12
Other	Ni-HITP particles	Not specified	p018 · Supplementary Results · Fig. S12

Complete recipeSource: Both

Route 2: Other

p005 · Electrical characterizations in ionic power generation · Fig. 5

Solvents0.01 M NaCl aqueous electrolyte, pH 10

AdditivesAg/AgCl gel electrodes; graphite paper conductive wires; polystyrene foam

Atmosphereambient; one-sun illumination during operation

Substrate orientation1.0 cm x 0.2 cm CCM film bent into U-shape on polystyrene foam, with half of film soaked in electrolyte

Work-upterminals sealed with Ag/AgCl gel electrode and connected with graphite paper

Scalability contextThree devices assembled in series generated about 3 V and powered a red LED.

Show 4 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Electrolyte	NaCl aqueous electrolyte	0.01 M, pH = 10	p005 · Electrical characterizations in ionic power generation · Fig. 5
Additive	Ag/AgCl gel electrode	60/40	p005 · Electrical characterizations in ionic power generation · Fig. 5
Other	graphite paper	Not specified	p005 · Electrical characterizations in ionic power generation · Fig. 5
Other	polystyrene foam	Not specified	p005 · Electrical characterizations in ionic power generation · Fig. 5

Complete recipeSource: Both

Route 3: Other

p002 · Experimental Methods - Preparation of CCM thin film · Fig. S1

Metal precursorsNiCl2; first excess Ni2+ ion exchange, then NiCl2 (39 mg, 0.3 mmol)

Linker precursorsHITP.6HCl (107 mg, 0.2 mmol)

Solventswater; NiCl2 in 5 mL water, HITP.6HCl in 20 mL H2O; Ni2+-exchanged CC suspension 20 mL, 5 mg mL-1

Additivesaqueous ammonia solution (1 mL, 14 mol L-1); TEMPO oxidation used to introduce carboxyl groups on cellulose before Ni exchange

Atmosphereairflow for first 1 h at 70 C, then no airflow for another 2 h

Temperature70

Time1 h with airflow plus 2 h without airflow; dry overnight at 70 C

Substrate orientationCladophora cellulose nanofibres dispersed in aqueous suspension; vacuum filtration on 0.1 um PVDF membrane

Oxidant / reductantTEMPO oxidation pretreatment of cellulose; air/oxygen during first growth stage

Work-upvacuum filtered on PVDF membrane, washed with water and methanol, dried at 70 C overnight, peeled off from membrane

ActivationN2 sorption samples degassed at 100 C under kinetic vacuum (<10^-5 mmHg) for 10 h before measurement; no separate synthetic activation reported

Scalability contextVacuum filtration yields flexible freestanding films; SI photos show suspension, filtration, exfoliation, and dry mould pressing.

Show 6 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	Cladophora cellulose (CC)	20 mL suspension · 5 mg mL-1 after Ni2+ exchange; 0.5 mg mL-1 for carboxylated-CC suspension	p002 · Experimental Methods - Preparation of CCM thin film · Fig. S1
Metal Source	NiCl2	39 mg, 0.3 mmol	p002 · Experimental Methods - Preparation of CCM thin film · Fig. S1
Linker	HITP.6HCl	107 mg, 0.2 mmol	p002 · Experimental Methods - Preparation of CCM thin film · Fig. S1
Base	aqueous ammonia solution	1 mL · 14 mol L-1	p002 · Experimental Methods - Preparation of CCM thin film · Fig. S1
Oxidant	TEMPO oxidation reagents	Not specified	p002 · Experimental Methods - Preparation of CCM thin film · Fig. S1
Solvent	water	5 mL + 20 mL + suspension water	p002 · Experimental Methods - Preparation of CCM thin film · Fig. S1

Vague recipeSource: Both

Route 4: Other

p005 · Solar-driven ionic power generation · Fig. S15

Metal precursorsNi-HITP or Ni-HITP-forming precursors not specified

Linker precursorsHITP implied but not specified in WNC route

Additiveswood nanocellulose substrate

Substrate orientationwood nanocellulose used as substrate to prepare a CCM analogue

Show 2 structured reagent records

Role	Reagent	Amount / concentration	Source
Other	wood nanocellulose	Not specified	p005 · Solar-driven ionic power generation · Fig. S15
Other	Ni-HITP	Not specified	p005 · Solar-driven ionic power generation · Fig. S15