Zhou A., Zhao C., Dou Y. et al. · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · 2025 · 125297
Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.
Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.
CuCo-THQ is the best CO2-to-CO photocatalyst in the series, combining the highest CO production rate with near-exclusive CO selectivity.
Caveat: Photocatalysis uses a Ru photosensitizer and TEOA sacrificial donor; activity is not intrinsic standalone solar conversion.
p005 · 3.3 Photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction performance · Fig. 3 · Linked to 5 structured results
Introducing Co, Ni or Fe into Cu-THQ forms analogous 2D CuM-THQ dual-metal frameworks without destroying the Cu-THQ structure.
Caveat: Single-metal Co-THQ and Fe-THQ controls are amorphous, and Ni-THQ powder was not available; exact SI table bodies were unavailable.
p004 · 3.1 Synthesis and characterization of photocatalysts · Fig. 1d and Fig. S6 · Linked to 3 structured results
The upshifted Cu d-band centre in CuCo-THQ strengthens CO2 activation, weakens *CO adsorption, and lowers the rate-determining *COOH formation barrier.
Caveat: This is based on periodic DFT models and electronic-structure interpretation; the reported Bader charge value uses the article's unusual eV unit.
p008-p009 · 3.4 The investigation of the reaction mechanism · Fig. 5 · Linked to 5 structured results
Cu sites remain atomically isolated in Cu-THQ and CuM-THQ because EXAFS/WT-XAFS show Cu-O coordination and no obvious Cu-Cu or Cu-M scattering.
Caveat: EXAFS fitting table bodies from SI were not visible; main text reported the key fitted values and qualitative conclusion.
p004 · 3.2 Electronic and coordination structure analysis · Fig. 2c-e · Linked to 4 structured results
Isolated Cu sites separated by the THQ ligand are proposed to suppress C-C coupling and favour CO over C2+ products.
Caveat: The C2+ suppression rationale is interpretive and not directly measured by a full product distribution table in the supplied text.
p009 · 3.4 The investigation of the reaction mechanism · Linked to 3 structured results
Co incorporation introduces a metal-to-metal charge-transfer path from Co to Cu, extending charge separation distance and improving electron-hole separation in CuCo-THQ.
Caveat: Photocurrent plateau currents are visual estimates; EIS is qualitative because exact SI values were not available.
p006-p007 · 3.4 The investigation of the reaction mechanism · Fig. 4 · Linked to 6 structured results
Operando DRIFTS supports a CO2 -> *COOH -> *CO -> CO reaction pathway over CuCo-THQ.
Caveat: Intermediate assignments rely on band attribution in the article.
p008 · 3.4 The investigation of the reaction mechanism · Fig. 4e,f · Linked to 3 structured results
Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.
| Material | Composition | Structure context | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Co-THQ | Co-THQ; exact formula not reportedCo · tetrahydroxyquinone (THQ) | unknown · UnknownAmorphous control; diffraction peaks disappear in PXRD. | p004 · 3.1 Synthesis and characterization of photocatalysts · Fig. S7 |
| Cu-THQBrowse family: Cu₃(C₆O₆)₂ (Cu–THQ / Cu–HHB) | Cu-THQ; copper tetrahydroxyquinone MOF, exact empirical formula not reportedCu ions / isolated Cu sites · tetrahydroxyquinone (THQ) | 2D · PristineTwo-dimensional honeycomb layered framework from THQ and Cu ions; Cmcm space group with reported lattice parameters a = 20.763 A, b = 12.535 A, c = 6.382 A. | p004 · 3.1 Synthesis and characterization of photocatalysts · Fig. S1 |
| CuCo-THQ | CuCo-THQ; mixed Cu/Co tetrahydroxyquinone MOF, exact empirical formula not reportedisolated Cu and Co sites; CuCo dual-metal sites · tetrahydroxyquinone (THQ) | 2D · PristineTwo-dimensional CuM-THQ framework with well-interconnected Co-THQ-Cu configuration; Cu and Co dual-metal sites are present as respective isolated single-metal sites. | p004 · 3.1 Synthesis and characterization of photocatalysts · Fig. 1 |
| CuFe-THQ | CuFe-THQ; mixed Cu/Fe tetrahydroxyquinone MOF, exact empirical formula not reportedisolated Cu and Fe sites; CuFe dual-metal sites · tetrahydroxyquinone (THQ) | 2D · PristineCuM-THQ dual-metal framework analogous to CuCo-THQ; PXRD is consistent with Cu-THQ and TEM shows 2D morphology. | p004 · 3.1 Synthesis and characterization of photocatalysts · Fig. 1 and Fig. S4 |
| CuNi-THQ | CuNi-THQ; mixed Cu/Ni tetrahydroxyquinone MOF, exact empirical formula not reportedisolated Cu and Ni sites; CuNi dual-metal sites · tetrahydroxyquinone (THQ) | 2D · PristineCuM-THQ dual-metal framework analogous to CuCo-THQ; PXRD is consistent with Cu-THQ and TEM shows 2D morphology. | p004 · 3.1 Synthesis and characterization of photocatalysts · Fig. 1 and Fig. S3 |
| Fe-THQ | Fe-THQ; exact formula not reportedFe · tetrahydroxyquinone (THQ) | unknown · UnknownAmorphous control; diffraction peaks disappear in PXRD. | p004 · 3.1 Synthesis and characterization of photocatalysts · Fig. S7 |
Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.
| Sample | Form and role | Processing and geometry | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Co-THQ amorphous powderresearch_0857__mat__mat_co_thq_amorphous_control | Powder · Pristine Control · Unknown | as-prepared; synthesis recipe not reported in supplied documents | p004 · 3.1 Synthesis and characterization of photocatalysts · Fig. S7 |
| Cu-THQ coated FTO photoelectroderesearch_0857__mat__mat_cu_thq | Electrode · Pristine Control · Composite | 1 mg photocatalyst dispersed in 50 uL Nafion and 2.0 mL methanol; 100 uL suspension drop-cast on 1 x 1 cm2 FTO and dried at room temperature for 20 min.FTO glass · not reported; 100 uL suspension dropped onto 1 x 1 cm2 FTO | S2 / S34 · 1.1 Photo-electrochemical measurements |
| Cu-THQ periodic DFT modelresearch_0857__mat__mat_cu_thq | Model · Model System · Model | VASP-optimised periodic model containing two atomic layers with 12 metal atoms, 48 C and 48 O atoms.two atomic layers | p003 · 2.8 Theoretical calculations |
| Cu-THQ powderresearch_0857__mat__mat_cu_thq | Powder · Pristine Control · Pristine Framework | As-prepared solid washed with H2O and dried at 60 deg C for 24 h. | p003 · 2.1 Synthesis of Cu-THQ |
| CuCo-THQ coated FTO photoelectroderesearch_0857__mat__mat_cuco_thq | Electrode · Target Sample · Composite | 1 mg photocatalyst dispersed in 50 uL Nafion and 2.0 mL methanol; 100 uL suspension drop-cast on 1 x 1 cm2 FTO and dried at room temperature for 20 min.FTO glass · not reported; 100 uL suspension dropped onto 1 x 1 cm2 FTO | S2 / S34 · 1.1 Photo-electrochemical measurements |
| CuCo-THQ periodic DFT modelresearch_0857__mat__mat_cuco_thq | Model · Model System · Model | VASP-optimised periodic model containing two atomic layers with 12 metal atoms, 48 C and 48 O atoms.two atomic layers | p003 · 2.8 Theoretical calculations |
| CuCo-THQ powderresearch_0857__mat__mat_cuco_thq | Nanosheet · Target Sample · Mixed Metal | As-prepared solid washed with deionized H2O and dried under vacuum at 60 deg C for 24 h. | p003 · 2.2 Synthesis of CuCo-THQ |
| CuFe-THQ coated FTO photoelectroderesearch_0857__mat__mat_cufe_thq | Electrode · Target Sample · Composite | 1 mg photocatalyst dispersed in 50 uL Nafion and 2.0 mL methanol; 100 uL suspension drop-cast on 1 x 1 cm2 FTO and dried at room temperature for 20 min.FTO glass · not reported; 100 uL suspension dropped onto 1 x 1 cm2 FTO | S2 / S34 · 1.1 Photo-electrochemical measurements |
| CuFe-THQ periodic DFT modelresearch_0857__mat__mat_cufe_thq | Model · Model System · Model | VASP-optimised periodic model containing two atomic layers with 12 metal atoms, 48 C and 48 O atoms.two atomic layers | p003 · 2.8 Theoretical calculations |
| CuFe-THQ powderresearch_0857__mat__mat_cufe_thq | Nanosheet · Target Sample · Mixed Metal | As-prepared solid washed with deionized H2O and dried under vacuum at 60 deg C for 24 h. | p003 · 2.4 Synthesis of CuFe-THQ |
| CuNi-THQ coated FTO photoelectroderesearch_0857__mat__mat_cuni_thq | Electrode · Target Sample · Composite | 1 mg photocatalyst dispersed in 50 uL Nafion and 2.0 mL methanol; 100 uL suspension drop-cast on 1 x 1 cm2 FTO and dried at room temperature for 20 min.FTO glass · not reported; 100 uL suspension dropped onto 1 x 1 cm2 FTO | S2 / S34 · 1.1 Photo-electrochemical measurements |
| CuNi-THQ periodic DFT modelresearch_0857__mat__mat_cuni_thq | Model · Model System · Model | VASP-optimised periodic model containing two atomic layers with 12 metal atoms, 48 C and 48 O atoms.two atomic layers | p003 · 2.8 Theoretical calculations |
| CuNi-THQ powderresearch_0857__mat__mat_cuni_thq | Nanosheet · Target Sample · Mixed Metal | As-prepared solid washed with deionized H2O and dried under vacuum at 60 deg C for 24 h. | p003 · 2.3 Synthesis of CuNi-THQ |
| Fe-THQ amorphous powderresearch_0857__mat__mat_fe_thq_amorphous_control | Powder · Pristine Control · Unknown | as-prepared; synthesis recipe not reported in supplied documents | p004 · 3.1 Synthesis and characterization of photocatalysts · Fig. S7 |