Jingguo Li and Sascha Ott · Accounts of Chemical Research · 2024
Explain redox-conductive MOFs as electronically isolated, molecular redox-site frameworks in which ion-coupled electron hopping controls apparent diffusion, redox conductivity, diagnostics, and selected applications.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Surveys electrochromism, electrocatalysis, mediated multivariate transport, and semiconductor coatings enabled by controllable redox states.
Relevance: Core · 2842-2843 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figures 7-8
States design rules for preserving molecular redox behaviour and diagnostic signatures: molecular spectra, molecular CVs, and bell-shaped conductivity curves.
Relevance: Core · 2838 · RC-MOFs: Characteristics, Diagnostics, and Design · Figure 2
Defines RC-MOFs, frames the ion-coupled electron hopping problem, and previews diagnostics, apparent diffusion, redox conductivity, and applications.
Relevance: Core · 2836 · Conspectus
Contrasts band-type and hopping transport, narrows the Account to redox-hopping electroactive MOFs, and explains why thin films simplify charge-transport interpretation.
Relevance: Core · 2837 · Introduction · Figure 1
Selects five Ott-group studies as milestones for redox-active linker films, metallo-linker catalysis, cation-coupled hopping, bell-shaped redox conductivity, and multivariate mediated transport.
Relevance: Supporting · 2836-2837 · Key References
Restates the molecular-ion-coupled nature of RC-MOF transport and identifies future needs around migration, microscopic mechanisms, and connecting transient and steady-state measurements.
Relevance: Core · 2844 · Conclusions and Outlook
Introduces redox conductivity as a steady-state metric, emphasises bell-shaped potential dependence, and warns that redox conductivity and apparent diffusion are not interchangeable.
Relevance: Core · 2842 · Steady State Charge Transport · Figure 6
Explains transient apparent diffusion models, Cottrell-type analyses, scan-rate transitions, intrinsic/extrinsic controls, and model caveats involving ion pairing and migration.
Relevance: Core · 2839-2841 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs · Figures 4-5
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
The applications section differentiates MOFs where redox components are also catalysts from architectures where redox linkers mediate transport to catalysts or semiconductor surfaces.
Categories: coupled hopping and catalysis at the same component · mediated transport to separate catalytic sites · multivariate homolinker and heterolinker transfer channels · semiconductor surface charge extraction
2843 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 8
Figure 5 organises experimental Dapp e as a composite property affected by MOF-born structure and extrinsic electrolyte or solvent conditions.
Categories: anisotropic framework geometry · redox-active site content · counterion identity · solvent polarity · pore size
2841 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs · Figure 5
The review distinguishes Dapp e from large-perturbation transient experiments from sigma measured at steady state, noting that they probe related ion-coupled hopping steps but different macroscopic states.
Categories: transient apparent electron diffusion coefficient · steady-state redox conductivity
2842 · Steady State Charge Transport · Figure 6
RC-MOF assignment is supported by molecular-like spectra and CV features plus a potential-dependent redox-conductivity maximum near a 50:50 donor/acceptor population.
Categories: retained molecular electronic transitions · molecular Faradaic cyclic voltammetry · bell-shaped redox conductivity
2838 · RC-MOFs: Characteristics, Diagnostics, and Design · Figure 2
The review separates conductive MOFs whose collective solid-state properties support band-type transport from RC-MOFs where electronically isolated redox sites transfer charge through hopping.
Categories: band-type transport · redox-hopping transport
2837 · Introduction
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
Multivariate zinc pyrazolate MOFs containing statistically distributed NDI and PMDI diimide linkers.
Conduction: Supports homolinker diffusional hopping within each redox channel and thermodynamically driven heterolinker electron transfer between channels.
Representative materials: Zn(NDI)x(PMDI)y
Nodes / linkers: pyrazolate-bridged Zn2+ chains · naphthalene diimide bis-pyrazolate · pyromellitic diimide bis-pyrazolate
2840, 2843 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs; Applications · Figure 8b
Zirconium-based MOFs whose tetraphenylpyrene linkers provide redox chemistry and direction-dependent hopping pathways.
Conduction: Apparent electron diffusion is highly anisotropic because hopping distances differ by crystallographic direction.
Representative materials: NU-1000
Nodes / linkers: zirconium oxide cluster nodes · tetraphenylpyrene linkers
2840 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs
Redox-conductive PCN-700 derivatives incorporating NDI linkers as mediators and Fe2 units as [FeFe] hydrogenase active-site models.
Conduction: Redox-active mediators transport electrons to Fe2 sites, but restricted counterion diffusion limits electrocatalytic HER performance.
Representative materials: PCN-700 with NDI mediators and Fe2 sites
Nodes / linkers: PCN-700 framework metal nodes · Fe2 catalytic units · NDI redox mediator linkers · [FeFe] hydrogenase-inspired catalytic motifs
2843 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 8a
Zr4+ cluster framework containing tetradentate cobaloxime-tetraphenylcarboxylate metallo-linkers.
Conduction: Retains cobaloxime-like electrochemistry and shows a bell-shaped redox-conductivity profile at the CoII/I couple.
Representative materials: UU-100(Co)
Nodes / linkers: hexanuclear Zr4+ cluster · cobaloxime cobalt site in linker · cobaloxime-tetraphenylcarboxylate metallo-linkers
2839 · RC-MOFs: Characteristics, Diagnostics, and Design · Figure 3d-f
Zn2+ pyrazolate MOF thin films with PMDI, NDI, or PDI diimide linkers giving distinct redox-state colours.
Conduction: Discrete diimide redox chemistry promotes Faradaic redox-state switching with low capacitive background.
Representative materials: Zn(PMDI) · Zn(NDI) · Zn(PDI)
Nodes / linkers: Zn2+ pyrazolate chains · pyromellitic diimide · naphthalene diimide · pyrylene diimide
2843 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 7
Zr4+ cluster frameworks with redox-active naphthalene diimide linkers that retain molecular NDI redox behaviour in thin films.
Conduction: Two NDI-centred redox couples produce molecular CV waves and bell-shaped redox conductivity maxima at the midpoint potentials.
Representative materials: Zr(NDI)
Nodes / linkers: hexanuclear Zr4+ cluster · naphthalene diimide-based organic linkers
2838 · RC-MOFs: Characteristics, Diagnostics, and Design · Figure 3a-c
Redox-active Zr(NDI) MOF coatings grown on p-type semiconductor surfaces for photoelectrochemical charge extraction.
Conduction: NDI redox reactions capture photogenerated electrons and suppress surface recombination, while high light intensities can expose MOF diffusional transport limits.
Representative materials: Zr(NDI) on GaP(100)
Nodes / linkers: hexanuclear Zr4+ cluster · NDI redox-active linkers
2844 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 8c
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Vary supporting electrolyte cation size and solvent polarity to control counterion mobility and ion-pairing strength during ion-coupled hopping.
Claimed effects: Can change apparent diffusion and redox conductivity by orders of magnitude by altering counterion diffusion and ion-paired hopping pathways.
Controlling variables: counterion size · solvent polarity · ion-pairing association · pore accessibility
Representative materials: Zr(NDI) · Zn(NDI)
Caveat: Migration contributions may partly offset intuitive improvements in counterion transport, so Dapp e is not a pure electron-diffusion constant.
2841 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs · Figure 5
Install redox-active mediator linkers and separate molecular catalytic units so electron transport and catalysis can be optimised independently.
Claimed effects: Creates enzyme-inspired electron-transfer chains inside MOFs for HER or OER rather than requiring the same component to both hop and catalyse.
Controlling variables: mediator redox potential · catalyst redox potential · spatial access for counterions · framework stability under catalytic conditions
Representative materials: PCN-700 with NDI and Fe2 units · NU-1000 with Ru metallo-linkers
Caveat: PCN-700 HER was hindered by restricted counterion diffusion, and the Ru-NU-1000 OER system suffered instability under oxidising aqueous conditions.
2843 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 8a
Statistically combine redox-active linkers with different potentials but similar geometry to tune homolinker hopping distances and create mediated heterolinker electron transfer.
Claimed effects: Separates diffusional hopping within each linker population from thermodynamically driven electron transfer between populations.
Controlling variables: linker ratio · redox-potential offset · homolinker hopping distance · minimum redox-active site abundance
Representative materials: Zn(NDI)x(PMDI)y
Caveat: At low redox-active site abundance, percolation limitations can make electron diffusion no longer discernible.
2840, 2843 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs; Applications · Figure 8b
Use redox-inert metal cations and avoid through-bond or through-space delocalisation so linkers or metallo-linkers retain molecular redox identity.
Claimed effects: Favours hopping transport rather than band conduction and enables molecular spectra, molecular CVs, and bell-shaped conductivity diagnostics.
Controlling variables: metal-node redox inactivity · inter-linker electronic coupling · through-bond conjugation · through-space charge delocalisation
Representative materials: Zr(NDI) · UU-100(Co)
Caveat: The review states that established SBU-based RC-MOFs are lacking, probably because discrete metal-site behaviour is difficult to retain or insufficiently characterised.
2838 · RC-MOFs: Characteristics, Diagnostics, and Design
Use surface-grown RC-MOF coatings to intercept photogenerated electrons and suppress recombination at semiconductor photoelectrodes.
Claimed effects: Raises photovoltage by rapid redox capture of minority carriers, but at high light intensity the MOF transport rate can limit photocurrent.
Controlling variables: semiconductor surface · MOF redox potential · film transport rate · light intensity
Representative materials: Zr(NDI) on GaP(100)
Caveat: Future platforms need redox-catalytic linkers if charge extraction is to be coupled to productive reactions.
2844 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 8c
Prepare RC-MOF films directly on FTO or other conducting substrates so charge transport can be treated as a one-dimensional problem and interrogated by electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and impedance.
Claimed effects: Improves extraction of quantitative hopping-transport data and avoids large capacitive currents typical of drop-cast particle/binder electrodes.
Controlling variables: film thickness · substrate conductivity · film orientation · avoidance of binders and carbon additives
Representative materials: Zr(NDI) on FTO · UU-100(Co) on FTO · Zn(XDI) on FTO
Caveat: Thin-film measurements remain sensitive to finite diffusion regimes, scan rate, counterion ingress, and steady-state requirements.
2837 · Introduction
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
Correct interpretation of conductive MOFs requires separating band-type transport from hopping between electronically isolated redox-active units.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Some MOFs may not be sufficiently characterised to assign mechanism unambiguously.
2837 · Introduction
Bell-shaped redox conductivity versus applied potential is a diagnostic consequence of molecular redox hopping, with maximum conductivity near a 50:50 donor/acceptor population.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The Account notes that this behaviour was observed earlier in redox-active polymers and only recently in MOFs.
2838 · RC-MOFs: Characteristics, Diagnostics, and Design · Figure 2b
Drop-cast MOF particle electrodes containing binders or conductive additives often show large capacitive currents and make quantitative charge-transport extraction difficult.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The statement is a methodological caution rather than a quantified comparison across all particle-electrode protocols.
2837 · Introduction
For redox catalysis in RC-MOFs, electron transport through the framework must be fast relative to catalysis to avoid activity being confined to a thin reaction layer.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Diagnosing surface versus bulk reactivity requires kinetic modelling rather than current alone.
2843 · (Photo)electrocatalysis with Coupled or Mediated Charge Transport
Macroscopic Dapp e models often assume a Fickian-like process with counterion infiltration, negligible bulk electric field, and no redox-site or ion-pair interactions.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The Account immediately stresses that real RC-MOFs are more complex because counterion diffusion is physically impeded.
2839 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs
Experimentally measured Dapp e in RC-MOFs is an apparent composite metric influenced by counterion diffusion, ion pairing, and potentially migration, not a pure electron self-diffusion constant.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review states that migration contributions lack direct experimental evidence in RC-MOFs but are established in related redox-polymer systems.
2841-2842 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs
Dapp e and redox conductivity should be kept separate because sigma varies strongly with film redox state whereas Dapp e is usually treated as a constant diffusional descriptor.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The same elementary ion-coupled hopping steps may underlie both metrics, so they are related but not numerically interchangeable.
2842 · Steady State Charge Transport · Figure 6
RC-MOFs are porous materials in which conductivity arises from self-exchange between molecularly defined redox-active units of different oxidation states, coupled to counterion translocation.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is the review's definition; it deliberately excludes band-conductive MOFs with delocalised electronic structures.
2836 · Conspectus
A credible RC-MOF should retain molecular electronic transitions and molecular Faradaic CV features of the redox-active component.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: These are indicators, not a full mechanistic proof without transport measurements.
2838 · RC-MOFs: Characteristics, Diagnostics, and Design · Figure 2
If redox states are optically distinct, RC-MOF thin films are attractive electrochromic materials because discrete molecular linkers promote Faradaic transformations with low capacitive contribution.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Application relevance depends on film stability, optical contrast, switching speed, and cycling durability.
2843 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 7
Both framework-intrinsic factors such as anisotropy, pore size and redox-site spacing, and extrinsic factors such as counterion and solvent, substantially affect RC-MOF charge transport.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The direction and magnitude of each factor depend on the measurement regime and MOF architecture.
2840-2841 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs · Figure 5
Decoupling redox mediators from catalytic sites in RC-MOFs can mimic biological electron-transfer chains, but pore-level counterion transport and framework stability can limit performance.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The PCN-700 HER example was limited by counterion diffusion and the Ru-NU-1000 OER example by oxidative aqueous instability.
2843 · (Photo)electrocatalysis with Coupled or Mediated Charge Transport · Figure 8a
The authors are not aware of established RC-MOFs built on metal-based SBUs under their definition, likely because discrete metal-site behaviour is difficult to retain or insufficiently characterised.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: This is a field-status statement as of the 2024 review, not proof that no such materials can exist.
2838 · RC-MOFs: Characteristics, Diagnostics, and Design
The authors identify the role of migration and the connection between transient Dapp e and steady-state redox conductivity as major unresolved mechanistic needs.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is a forward-looking synthesis of the review rather than a single-study finding.
2844 · Conclusions and Outlook
Surface-grown Zr(NDI) can extract photogenerated electrons from p-type semiconductors and suppress recombination, but the MOF's diffusional transport may limit photocurrent at high light intensity.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The cited example concerns selected p-type semiconductors and should not be generalised to all photoelectrodes without primary evidence.
2844 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 8c
The central application advantage of RC-MOFs is that redox state can be switched by potential, chemical redox, pressure, or illumination, enabling modulation of optical, electrical, magnetic, and host-guest properties.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The Account highlights examples mainly from the authors' group rather than surveying every application area exhaustively.
2842-2843 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs
Directly grown RC-MOF thin films are best suited for quantitative hopping-transport studies because charge transport can be treated as one-dimensional normal to the substrate.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Finite film thickness, scan rate, and counterion ingress still complicate interpretation.
2837 · Introduction
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SecondaryZr(NDI) on GaP(100) | operational photovoltage increase | as much as 700 mV | Surface-grown Zr(NDI) MOF coating on GaP(100) p-type semiconductor Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 2844 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 8c |
| SecondaryZn(NDI)x(PMDI)y | redox-active site content effect on apparent electron diffusion coefficient | Dapp e for NDI/NDI.- electron diffusion drops by 1 order of magnitude when NDI abundance decreases from 100 to 20% | Mixed-linker MOF; NDI linker abundance decreased from 100% to 20% Text · Approximate | research_0131 | 2840 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs |
| SecondaryNU-1000 | anisotropy in apparent electron diffusion coefficient | Dapp e in c direction nearly 3500 times larger than in the a,b direction | oriented NU-1000 crystals on conductive substrates; shorter pyrene-to-pyrene hopping distance in c direction Text · Approximate | research_0219 | 2840 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs |
| SecondaryZn(NDI) MOF thin film | conductivity contrast between single oxidation state and 50:50 mixed redox state | up to 10000-fold | Steady-state redox conductivity measurements; comparison of single oxidation state films and 50:50 mixed redox state films Text · Approximate | research_0497 | 2842 · Steady State Charge Transport · Figure 6 |
| SecondaryOs/Ru redox copolymer film | apparent-to-diffusional transport ratio under migration model | Dapp e / De = 5.5 | Redox copolymer containing OsII/OsIII redox couple, RuII diluent, and ClO4- counterions; used as related-field evidence for migration effects Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 2841 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs |
| SecondaryZn(PDI) film | electrochromic coloration efficiency | 941 cm2 C-1 | Zn(PDI) MOF thin film, at 746 nm Text · Exact Reported | research_0657 | 2843 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 7 |
| SecondaryZn(PDI) film | electrochromic cycling stability | stable for at least 150 cycles | Zn(PDI) MOF thin film electrochromic cycling Text · Exact Reported | research_0657 | 2843 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 7 |
| SecondaryZn(PDI) film | optical contrast | 96.4% | Zn(PDI) MOF thin film, at 746 nm Text · Exact Reported | research_0657 | 2843 · Applications of Redox-Conductive MOFs · Figure 7 |
| SecondaryZr(NDI) | solvent-polarity effect on apparent electron diffusion coefficient | Dapp e drops by approximately 2 orders of magnitude when going from DMF to THF with Li+ counterion | Li+ counterion; solvent changed from DMF to less polar THF Text · Approximate | research_0453 | 2841 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs |
| SecondaryZr(NDI) | counterion effect on apparent electron diffusion coefficient | Dapp e decreased by approximately 1 order of magnitude with TBAPF6 instead of KPF6 | Zr(NDI) thin-film electrodes; supporting electrolyte switched from KPF6 to TBAPF6 Text · Approximate | research_0445 | 2841 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
Mechanistic studies are needed to bridge transient Dapp e measurements with steady-state redox conductivity sigma.
Proposed direction: Combine macroscopic electrochemical measurements with molecular-level models and spectroelectrochemical state tracking.
2844 · Conclusions and Outlook
The review states that the contribution of migration to experimentally measured Dapp e lacks experimental evidence in RC-MOFs.
Proposed direction: Design transient experiments and models that separate diffusion and migration contributions under realistic electrolyte and film conditions.
2841 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs
Biomimetic PCN-700 HER activity was limited by restricted counterion diffusion, showing that redox-wiring designs still require ion-transport engineering.
Proposed direction: Co-optimise mediator/catalyst energetics with pore architecture and counterion pathways in catalytic RC-MOFs.
2843 · (Photo)electrocatalysis with Coupled or Mediated Charge Transport · Figure 8a
The field still needs to determine when electron transfer proceeds from ion-paired states versus non-ion-paired states and when concerted ion-electron hopping emerges.
Proposed direction: Develop molecular models and experiments that vary ion-pairing strength, solvent polarity, and counterion identity while observing local redox states.
2841 · Diffusional Hopping Transport in RC-MOFs
The review argues that many more RC-MOFs with innovative metallo-linkers and organic redox-active units remain to be designed and prepared.
Proposed direction: Use molecular design to expand redox-active linker libraries while retaining discrete molecular behaviour and MOF processability.
2844 · Conclusions and Outlook
Established RC-MOFs built on metal-based SBUs are absent under the review's definition.
Proposed direction: Seek SBU architectures that preserve discrete metal-site redox behaviour, or define diagnostics that distinguish them from delocalised mixed-valence frameworks.
2838 · RC-MOFs: Characteristics, Diagnostics, and Design
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 12018 | Development of a UiO-Type Thin Film Electrocatalysis Platform with Redox-Active Linkers | redox_active_linker_mof · thin_film_platform · counterion_benchmarkKey reference for organic-linker RC-MOF thin films, spectroelectrochemical diagnostics, and counterion effects in Zr(NDI). | research_0445 |
| Ref. 22019 | Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from a Cobaloxime-Based Metal-Organic Framework Thin Film | metallo_linker_rc_mof · electrocatalysis · thin_filmMetallo-linker example where cobaloxime linkers provide redox-conductive behaviour and HER activity. | research_0330 |
| Ref. 32022 | Microscopic Insights into Cation-Coupled Electron Hopping Transport in a Metal-Organic Framework | cation_coupled_transport · ion_pairing · solvent_effectCentral mechanistic study for counterion size, solvent polarity, and ion pairing in RC-MOF hopping. | research_0453 |
| Ref. 42023 | Experimental manifestation of redox-conductivity in metal-organic frameworks and its implication for semiconductor/insulator switching | redox_conductivity · bell_shaped_profile · steady_state_transportDirect evidence for bell-shaped redox conductivity in RC-MOFs and the key steady-state conductivity comparison. | research_0497 |
| Ref. 52024 | Diffusional Electron Transport Coupled to Thermodynamically Driven Electron Transfers in Redox-Conductive Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks | multivariate_rc_mof · mediated_transport · site_content_benchmarkProvides the Account's multivariate example linking homolinker diffusion and thermodynamically driven heterolinker electron transfer. | research_0131 |
| Ref. 102020 | Electrically Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks | conductive_mof_review · band_vs_hopping_contextBackground review used to frame conductive MOF mechanisms and the need to distinguish band-type from redox-hopping behaviour. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 122019 | Anisotropic Redox Conductivity within a Metal-Organic Framework Material | anisotropy_benchmark · structure_propertyBenchmark study for directional hopping-rate anisotropy in NU-1000. | research_0219 |
| Ref. 132014 | Solvothermal preparation of an electrocatalytic metalloporphyrin MOF thin film and its redox hopping charge-transfer mechanism | redox_hopping · metalloporphyrin_mof · electrocatalysisEarlier electrocatalytic MOF thin-film example supporting transient spectroscopy and coupled hopping/catalysis context. | research_0375 |
| Ref. 142023 | Electrochromism in Isoreticular Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films with Record High Coloration Efficiency | electrochromism · thin_film · application_benchmarkElectrochromic Zn(XDI) thin-film study providing coloration efficiency, optical contrast, switching and stability benchmarks. | research_0657 |
| Ref. 161986 | Redox Capacity and Direct Current Electron Conductivity in Electroactive Materials | redox_polymer_precedent · conductivity_modelPrecedent for bell-shaped redox conductivity in electroactive polymer films and microscopic transport models. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 172020 | Charge Transport in Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks | charge_transport_review · zirconium_mofsReview context for charge transport in Zr-MOFs and 50:50 redox-state conductivity expectations. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 182018 | Charge Delocalization and Bulk Electronic Conductivity in the Mixed-Valence Metal-Organic Framework Fe(1,2,3-triazolate)(2)(BF(4))(x) | metal_sbu_caveat · charge_delocalisationUsed as background for why metal-based SBU systems may not retain discrete redox-site behaviour under the review's RC-MOF definition. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 192018 | Electron delocalization and charge mobility as a function of reduction in a metal-organic framework | metal_sbu_caveat · delocalised_transportBackground for the review's caution that metal-site redox activity often produces delocalised behaviour rather than isolated RC-MOF hopping sites. | research_0029 |
| Ref. 221980 | Electron Transfer Through Redox Polymer Films | redox_polymer_model · diffusion_modelTheoretical precedent for relating electron diffusion to self-exchange rate, site concentration, and hopping distance. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 242017 | Electrochemical Water Oxidation by a Catalyst-Modified Metal-Organic Framework Thin Film | percolation_context · electrocatalysisOne of several studies cited for redox-site distance or content limits and percolation-threshold concepts. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 272020 | Design Rules for Efficient Charge Transfer in Metal-Organic Framework Films: The Pore Size Effect | pore_size_effect · structure_propertyCited for pore size as a MOF-intrinsic factor controlling charge transport rates. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 282019 | Independent Quantification of Electron and Ion Diffusion in Metallocene-Doped Metal-Organic Frameworks Thin Films | ion_diffusion · mixed_transport_contextRelevant cited work for independently considering electron and ion diffusion in MOF thin films. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 291988 | Electron hopping between localized sites: effect of ion pairing on diffusion and migration; general rate laws and steady-state responses | ion_pairing_model · migration_modelTheoretical basis for the review's statement that stronger ion pairing can lower experimentally determined apparent diffusion. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 301988 | Electroneutrality coupling of electron hopping between localized sites with electroinactive counterion displacement. 1. Potential-step plateau currents | migration_model · redox_polymer_contextModel basis used for the review's migration caveat and Dapp e/De comparison in redox-polymer films. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 311982 | Effect of Redox Site Concentration on the Rate of Electron Transport in a Redox Copolymer Film | redox_polymer_context · site_concentrationRelated redox-polymer evidence used to discuss migration, counterion diffusivity, and apparent overestimation of Dapp e. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 332013 | Facile deposition of multicolored electrochromic metal-organic framework thin films | electrochromism_precedent · mof_thin_filmsPioneering electrochromic MOF thin-film work cited as early recognition of RC-MOF electrochromic potential. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 342019 | Porous Molecular Conductor: Electrochemical Fabrication of Through-Space Conduction Pathways among Linear Coordination Polymers | redox_state_modulation · electrochemical_fabricationCited among examples where applied potential modulates redox state and material properties. | research_0326 |
| Ref. 352023 | Exploring the Impact of Successive Redox Events in Thin Films of Metal-Organic Frameworks: An Absorptiometric Approach | redox_state_modulation · spectroelectrochemistryApplication-context reference for probing redox events in MOF thin films. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 362019 | Reversible redox switching of magnetic order and electrical conductivity in a 2D manganese benzoquinoid framework | redox_switching · magnetism_conductivityCited for chemically controlled redox modulation of material properties. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 372022 | Controlled n-Doping of Naphthalene-Diimide-Based 2D Polymers | chemical_doping · redox_modulationCited for chemical redox/doping modulation in related framework materials. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 382022 | Tunable Electrical Conductivity of Flexible Metal-Organic Frameworks | pressure_modulation · conductivity_tuningCited for pressure-responsive modulation of conductivity in MOFs. | research_0384 |
| Ref. 392019 | Photoconductivity in Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Thin Films | illumination_modulation · photoconductivityCited for illumination as an external stimulus for MOF electrical response. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 432023 | The progress of electrochromic materials based on metal-organic frameworks | electrochromism_review · application_contextReview context for electrochromic MOF applications. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 442013 | Enhanced photochemical hydrogen production by a molecular diiron catalyst incorporated into a metal-organic framework | mof_catalysis · hydrogen_productionCited in the catalysis design discussion for avoiding thin reaction layers and ensuring transport is not rate limiting. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 452020 | Diagnosing surface versus bulk reactivity for molecular catalysis within metal-organic frameworks using a quantitative kinetic model | kinetic_model · surface_vs_bulk_catalysisKinetic model reference for diagnosing whether catalysis occurs throughout an RC-MOF or only near the surface. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 472014 | Hydrogenases | biomimetic_context · hydrogenaseBiological reference for the electron-transfer-chain analogy used in mediated RC-MOF catalysis. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 482021 | Mimicking the Electron Transport Chain and Active Site of [FeFe] Hydrogenases in One Metal-Organic Framework: Factors That Influence Charge Transport | mediated_catalysis · hydrogenase_mimic · counterion_limitationBiomimetic mediated HER example where redox mediators and Fe2 active-site mimics are incorporated in one MOF. | research_0180 |
| Ref. 492022 | Electrocatalytic water oxidation from a mixed linker MOF based on NU-1000 with an integrated ruthenium-based metallo-linker | mediated_catalysis · oxygen_evolution · mixed_linker_mofMediated OER example in which pyrene linkers transfer oxidising equivalents to Ru metallo-linkers, with stability caveats. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 502020 | Enhancing photovoltages at p-type semiconductors through a redox-active metal-organic framework surface coating | photoelectrochemistry · semiconductor_coating · photovoltage_benchmarkPhotoelectrochemical application where a Zr(NDI) coating extracts photogenerated electrons and improves photovoltage. | Unmapped |