Lingzhi Guo, Jinfeng Sun, Jingxuan Wei et al. · Carbon Energy · 2020
Review recent conductive MOF crystal structures, conduction mechanisms, synthesis strategies, and electrochemical energy applications, with emphasis on structure/composition relationships for ECs, rechargeable batteries, and electrocatalysis.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Connects conductivity, pores and active sites to ECs, secondary batteries and electrocatalysis; useful mainly as secondary context for electrochemical transport applications.
Relevance: Supporting · 211 · Conductive MOFs towards electrochemical energy-related applications
Defines MOFs as metal ions plus organic ligands, frames low conductivity of conventional MOFs as the barrier, and gives a historical trajectory from 2009 conductive MOFs to energy applications.
Relevance: Core · 204 · Introduction · Figure 1
Identifies unresolved design, synthesis, mechanism and scale-up problems, including unclear roles of metals/linkers and limited electrochemical advantage over oxide counterparts.
Relevance: Core · 218 · Outlook and perspectives
Organises structural dimensionality and charge transport mechanisms, highlighting 2D layered networks, functional groups, and metal/linker selection as conductivity determinants.
Relevance: Core · 205 · Structural and electronic characteristics · Table 1
Reviews hydro/solvothermal, interface-mediated, spray layer-by-layer, vapour-induced and direct self-assembly routes at strategy level, with caveats about condition sensitivity and scalability.
Relevance: Core · 208 · Controllable synthesis · Table 2
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
Application sections are organised around capacitive storage, Li/Na/Zn/Li-S batteries, and HER/OER/ORR catalysis.
Categories: electrochemical capacitors · rechargeable batteries · electrocatalysis
205 · Introduction
The review adopts Dinca et al.'s classification in which localised donor-acceptor hopping, ligand stack/orbital through-space transport, and coordination/covalent through-bond transport are separated.
Categories: hopping · through-space · through-bond
205 · Conducting principles · Table 1
Conductive MOFs are divided into 2D and 3D architectures; 2D structures are described as the majority and as favourable for continuous conductive networks.
Categories: 2D layered architectures · 3D architectures
206 · Crystal structures
The review distinguishes pseudocapacitors and EDLCs, using the latter to argue that SSA and conductivity are central electrode requirements.
Categories: pseudocapacitors · electric double layer capacitors
211 · Electrochemical capacitors
The synthesis discussion separates bulk wet-chemical formation from thin-film interfacial and device-oriented assembly strategies.
Categories: hydro/solvothermal synthesis · interface-mediated synthesis · spray layer-by-layer epitaxy · vapour-induced conversion · direct self-assembly
208 · Controllable synthesis
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
Cu-BHT conductive coordination polymer films or nanostructures prepared through interfacial or homogeneous synthesis.
Conduction: High conductivity is linked to a pi-d conjugated coordination network and interfacial film growth.
Representative materials: Cu-BHT film · Cu-BHT nanocrystals · Cu-BHT nanoparticles
Nodes / linkers: Cu · benzenehexathiol
208 · Interface-mediated synthesis · Table 2
Tetragonal redox-active dithiolene-based coordination frameworks using pdt ligands.
Conduction: Electron transport is associated with redox-active bis(dithiolate) complexes and square planar units.
Representative materials: Cu[Cu(pdt)2] · Cu[Ni(pdt)2]
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ni · 2,3-pyrazinedithiolate
206 · Crystal structures · Figure 2B
2D conductive frameworks using HAB/HIB and transition-metal nodes.
Conduction: Redox-active imine/amine chemistry and appropriate pores support sodium storage and conductive behaviour.
Representative materials: Co-HAB · Ni3(HIB)2 · Cu3(HIB)2
Nodes / linkers: Co · Ni · Cu · HAB · HIB
214 · Na-ion batteries · Figure 6
Stacked 2D pi-conjugated layers based on HITP and transition-metal nodes.
Conduction: The review links superior conductivity to stacked conjugated layers penetrated by 1D cylindrical channels.
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 · Cu3(HITP)2
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · HITP
206 · Crystal structures · Figure 2C
2D layered MOFs formed from divalent transition metals and HHTP-like catecholate linkers.
Conduction: Extended pi-conjugation and metal-linker coordination support relatively high electronic conductivity and electrochemical active sites.
Representative materials: Cu3(HHTP)2 · Co3(HHTP)2 · Ni3(HHTP)2 · FexNiy-HHTP
Nodes / linkers: Cu2+ · Co2+ · Ni2+ · Fe/Ni mixtures · HHTP catecholate
204 · Introduction · Table 2
Redox-switchable nickel aminothiolato/iminothiolato nanosheets used for HER catalysis.
Conduction: A redox conversion changes conductivity and supports proton/electron transfer in HER.
Representative materials: NiAT · NiIT
Nodes / linkers: Ni · aminothiolato/iminothiolato
217 · Electrocatalysis · Figure 8
Perylenetetracarboxylate-based MOFs designed to activate aromatic rings and carbonyl sites for sodium storage.
Conduction: Large pores and wavy layers are presented as fast Na+ diffusion channels while carbonyl/aromatic sites supply redox storage.
Representative materials: Zn-PTCA · Na-PTCA
Nodes / linkers: Zn · Na · PTCA perylenetetracarboxylate
214 · Na-ion batteries · Figure 6
NiTIB and CuTIB frameworks derived from tetraaminobenzene linkers.
Conduction: Low-conductivity layered frameworks used as battery electrode examples rather than leading transport benchmarks.
Representative materials: NiTIB · CuTIB
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene
214 · Li-ion batteries · Table 2
MOFs using TTFTB or related TTF linkers to create donor-acceptor and pi-stacked charge pathways.
Conduction: Through-space conduction is attributed to close packing and orbital overlap between adjacent TTF-based ligands.
Representative materials: Zn2(TTFTB) · Co2(TTFTB) · Mn2(TTFTB) · Cd2(TTFTB)
Nodes / linkers: Zn · Co · Mn · Cd · TTFTB · TTF carboxylates
207 · Conducting principles · Table 1
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Bottom-up assembly of conductive MOF nanorods on interdigitated/shrinkable electrode devices.
Claimed effects: Cheap and fast route that ensures firm contact between sensor material and electrodes.
Controlling variables: electrode substrate · ligand/metal ratio · heating step · device contact
Representative materials: Ni3(HHTP)2 nanorods
Caveat: This is device-oriented and not presented as a general mass-production route.
211 · Other synthetic strategies
Wet-chemical assembly of metal salts and organic ligands in water or organic solvents at controlled temperature.
Claimed effects: Simple, low-cost and extensible route for crystalline conductive MOFs, but very condition-sensitive.
Controlling variables: precursor concentration · solvent · surfactant/polymer · temperature · pressure from solvent boiling point
Representative materials: M3(HHTP)2 · M3(HIB)2 · MTIB · UiO-66-X · MIP-202(Zr)
Caveat: Precise reaction control is essential to obtain expected structure and conductivity.
208 · Hydro/solvothermal synthesis · Table 2
Growth at liquid-liquid or air-water interfaces to form ultrathin conductive MOF films or sheets.
Claimed effects: Effective for 2D thin conductive MOFs with good electrical and mechanical properties, favourable for micro/nano devices.
Controlling variables: interface type · metal ion transport · reaction time · film thickness · interfacial confinement
Representative materials: Cu-BHT film · [Cu2I2(TAA)]n film · Ni bis(dithiolene) nanosheets
Caveat: The review states the method is unsuitable for mass production and film growth can roughen as thickness increases.
210 · Interface-mediated synthesis · Figure 3
Alternating spray deposition of metal and linker solutions followed by rinsing to build conductive MOF films on functional substrates.
Claimed effects: Allows film thickness and size to be easily controlled.
Controlling variables: spray sequence · metal/linker concentration · spray time · rinse step · number of cycles
Representative materials: Cu3(HHTP)2 film
Caveat: Review treats it as a specialised thin-film method rather than a general bulk route.
210 · Other synthetic strategies · Figure 3C
Vapour-induced preparation of conductive MOF thin films, exemplified by Ni3(HITP)2.
Claimed effects: Efficient for 2D conductive thin films when surface coordination is controlled.
Controlling variables: alkaline vapour contact · temperature dependence · surface hydrophobicity · precursor boiling point
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 film
Caveat: Centimetre-level films cannot be prepared by this method according to the review.
211 · Other synthetic strategies
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
2D conductive MOF structures dominate the field and are considered beneficial for rapid charge transport and continuous conductive networks.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review also notes scarce 3D examples, so this is field prevalence rather than an absolute rule.
206 · Crystal structures
High conductivity requires both high charge-carrier density and mobility, with conductivity expressed as contributions from electron and hole densities and mobilities.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The formula is a conceptual design principle, not a material-specific measurement.
204 · Introduction
For EDLC-type capacitors, conductive MOFs are attractive because specific capacitance and rate capability depend strongly on surface area and electrode conductivity.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Electrochemical values are application benchmarks, not direct intrinsic transport measurements.
211 · Electrochemical capacitors
The review interprets Fe incorporation into Ni-HHTP as improving OER kinetics and reducing overpotential, with Fe sites acting as active centres.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Electrocatalytic performance is condition-dependent and application-specific.
217 · Electrocatalysis · Figure 8
Ni3(HITP)2 is a high-performing EC electrode, but the review says expensive and complex HITP synthesis impedes large-scale industrial application.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Economic/process caveat is review interpretation.
211 · Electrochemical capacitors
Interface-mediated synthesis is positioned as a route to mechanically useful, electrically conductive 2D thin films for micro/nano devices, but not mass production.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Film roughness and appropriate thickness require reaction-time control.
210 · Interface-mediated synthesis · Figure 3
For M3(HHTP)2 lithium storage, the review identifies benzene rings, pores and interlaminar space as tentative storage sites inferred from XPS and ex situ XRD.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The storage-site assignment is explicitly described as tentative.
214 · Li-ion batteries · Figure 5
Cu-BHT is presented as a conductive Li-S battery host that can mitigate insulating sulfur-electrode behaviour and polysulfide dissolution.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Application claim should be verified in the primary Li-S paper before quantitative use.
217 · Other secondary batteries
Selecting metal ions and flat conjugated ligands can tune stacking, pore size and conductivity, making metal/linker choice a core design lever.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review later notes the precise roles of metals and ligands remain unclear.
207 · Crystal structures
Despite their promise, reported conductive MOFs do not yet show clear electrochemical advantages over transition-metal oxides for supercapacitors or secondary batteries in cycling stability and reversible capacitance/capacity.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is the review authors' comparative judgement, not a systematic meta-analysis.
219 · Outlook and perspectives
For proton-conducting MOFs, transport channels alone are insufficient; proton donors such as ammonium are also needed for high proton conductivity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Specific to proton-conducting oxalate/adipate examples discussed by the review.
206 · Crystal structures
Conductive MOFs may address Na-ion size constraints by rational pore design and by exposing carbonyl/aromatic storage sites.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Based on selected Co-HAB and Zn-PTCA examples rather than broad consensus.
214 · Na-ion batteries · Figure 6
Conductive MOF structures and conductivities are strongly dependent on synthesis route and processing variables, even for the same metal centres and ligands.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Mechanistic understanding of growth remains incomplete.
218 · Outlook and perspectives
Through-bond conduction is associated with continuous coordination/covalent bonds and requires orbital symmetry and energy-level similarity between metal nodes and organic linkers.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Review-level synthesis of several material classes.
207 · Conducting principles
Through-space conduction in TTF-based MOFs depends on donor-acceptor transport and orbital overlap in closely packed pi-conjugated ligands.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Magnitude depends on cation and sulfur-sulfur distance in the cited series.
207 · Conducting principles
The review frames poor electronic conductivity or intrinsic insulation of most conventional MOFs as the main barrier to electronic and electrochemical device performance.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: General framing from a review, not a measured value.
204 · Introduction
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SecondaryCo-HAB-D | conductivity | 1.57 S/cm | solvothermal 70 C; 2D layered Table · Exact Reported | research_0004 | 209 · Controllable synthesis · Table 2 |
| SecondaryCo-HAB | Na-ion reversible specific capacity | approximately 291 mAh/g at 50 mA/g; 226 mAh/g at 200 mA/g | 0.5 to 3.0 V vs Na+/Na; 50 and 200 mA/g Text · Approximate | research_0004 | 214 · Na-ion batteries · Figure 6 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 NWs@CC | specific capacitance | 202 to 134 F/g from 0.5 to 10 A/g | 3 M KCl electrolyte; current density increased 0.5 to 10 A/g Text · Approximate | research_0026 | 212 · Electrochemical capacitors · Figure 4 |
| SecondaryCu-BHT film | conductivity | 1580 S/cm | room temperature; interfacial reaction film Table · Exact Reported | research_0006 | 209 · Controllable synthesis · Table 2 |
| SecondaryCu-BHT nanocrystals | conductivity | 280 S/cm | homogeneous solution method Table · Exact Reported | research_0006 | 209 · Controllable synthesis · Table 2 |
| SecondaryCu[Cu(pdt)2] | electrical conductivity | approximately 6 x 10^-4 S/cm | 300 K Text · Approximate | research_0201 | 204 · Introduction |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 zinc battery cathode | reversible capacity | approximately 228 mAh/g at 50 mA/g; 75% retained after 500 cycles at 4.0 A/g | aqueous rechargeable Zn/Cu3(HHTP)2 cell Text · Approximate | research_0188 | 216 · Other secondary batteries · Figure 7 |
| SecondaryCu3(HITP)2 | conductivity | 0.2 S/cm | Table 2, hydrothermal 23 C, sensors application Table · Exact Reported | research_0002 | 209 · Controllable synthesis · Table 2 |
| SecondaryCu[Ni(pdt)2] | electronic conductivity | approximately 10^-8 S/cm | room temperature Text · Approximate | research_0203 | 204 · Introduction |
| SecondaryFe1Ni4-HHTP nanowire arrays | OER overpotential | 213 mV at 10 mA/cm2 | 1 M KOH Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 217 · Electrocatalysis · Figure 8 |
| SecondaryM3(HHTP)2 (M = Cu, Co, Ni) | lithium-ion diffusion coefficient | approximately 10^-10 to 10^-9 cm2/s | during discharging process Text · Range | research_0478 | 214 · Li-ion batteries · Figure 5F |
| SecondaryM3(HHTP)2 (M = Cu, Co, Ni) | LIB anode discharge specific capacity | approximately 381, 380, and 428 mAh/g at 2 A/g | M = Cu, Co, Ni; evaluated as LIB anodes at 2 A/g Text · Approximate | research_0046 | 213 · Li-ion batteries · Figure 5 |
| SecondaryM-CAT / M3(HHTP)2 family | conductivity range | 10^-3 to 10^-1 S/cm | M = Cu, Co, Ni; HHTP; moderate reaction temperature 85 C Text · Range | No verified corpus mapping | 204 · Introduction |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 symmetric EC | specific capacitance retention | approximately 90% over 10000 cycles | symmetrical EC cell Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 211 · Electrochemical capacitors · Figure 4 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 symmetric EC | gravimetric specific capacitance | 111 F/g at 0.05 A/g; 65 F/g at 2 A/g | 1 M TEABF4 electrolyte; symmetrical cell Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 211 · Electrochemical capacitors · Figure 4 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 EC with ionic liquid | gravimetric energy density | approximately 57 Wh/kg within 4.0 V window | [EMIM][BF4] ionic liquid electrolyte; 4.0 V electrochemical window Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 212 · Electrochemical capacitors |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | conductivity | 5000 S/cm | Table 2, solvothermal 2D layered material Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 209 · Controllable synthesis · Table 2 |
| SecondaryNiAT/GC | HER operating potential | -0.37 V at 10 mA/cm2; onset potential -0.15 V vs RHE | 0.05 M H2SO4 Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 217 · Electrocatalysis · Figure 8 |
| SecondaryNiAT | conductivity | 3 x 10^-6 S/cm | interfacial reaction at room temperature; nanosheet Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 210 · Controllable synthesis · Table 2 |
| Secondary(NH4)2(adp)[Zn2(ox)3].3H2O | proton conductivity | approximately 10^-2 S/cm | ambient temperature Text · Approximate | research_0220 | 204 · Introduction |
| SecondaryM2(TTFTB) series | single-crystal conductivity | about 10^-4 S/cm | M = Mn, Co, Zn, Cd; through-space conduction examples Text · Approximate | research_0353 | 207 · Conducting principles · Table 1 |
| SecondaryZn-PTCA | first-cycle Na-ion discharge/charge capacity | approximately 918/416 mAh/g | 0.01 to 2 V vs Na+/Na; 50 mA/g Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 214 · Na-ion batteries · Figure 6D |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
For ECs, intrinsic charge-storage mechanisms, electrochemical stability and suitable electrolytes require further investigation.
Proposed direction: Pair conductive MOF electrode studies with electrolyte and stability diagnostics.
212 · Electrochemical capacitors
Growth mechanisms of conductive MOFs remain insufficiently understood, limiting accurate construction of desired structures, pores and conductivities.
Proposed direction: Develop guiding insights linking synthesis methods to structure and conductivity through systematic study.
218 · Outlook and perspectives
Organic ligands are often expensive and prepared by complicated low-yield procedures, confining devices to laboratory scale.
Proposed direction: Develop efficient, low-cost and scalable synthetic strategies for high-quality organic ligands.
219 · Outlook and perspectives
Most conductive MOF work focuses on a narrow set of metal centres and linkers, and the specific roles of different metals and ligands are still unclear.
Proposed direction: Explore Ti, V, Mo, W and new linkers, combined with modelling and targeted experiments.
218 · Outlook and perspectives
Conductive MOFs have not yet shown distinct advantages over transition-metal oxides for cycling stability and reversible capacitance/capacity.
Proposed direction: Rationally optimise frameworks to better exploit uniform pores, active sites and conductivity.
219 · Outlook and perspectives
Energy storage/conversion mechanisms and structure/composition-performance relationships remain insufficiently investigated.
Proposed direction: Use in situ TEM, XRD, Raman and related spectroscopies to resolve mechanisms.
219 · Outlook and perspectives
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 22009 | Electroconductive porous coordination polymer Cu[Cu(pdt)2] composed of donor and acceptor building units | transport_benchmarkpioneering conductive MOF and through-bond benchmark | research_0201 |
| Ref. 32009 | Rational designs for highly proton-conductive metal-organic framework | transport_benchmarkearly proton-conducting MOF benchmark | research_0220 |
| Ref. 42010 | Conductivity, doping, and redox chemistry of a microporous dithiolene-based metal-organic framework | transport_benchmarktetragonal dithiolene conductive MOF benchmark | research_0203 |
| Ref. 52012 | New porous crystals of extended metal-catecholates | transport_benchmarkmetal-catecholate family introduction and conductivity range | Unmapped |
| Ref. 102016 | Electrically conductive porous metal-organic frameworks | application_benchmarkmechanism taxonomy cited by the review | Unmapped |
| Ref. 132012 | High charge mobility in a tetrathiafulvalene-based microporous metal-organic framework | transport_benchmarkthrough-space TTF MOF charge mobility benchmark | research_0030 |
| Ref. 142015 | Cation-dependent intrinsic electrical conductivity in isostructural tetrathiafulvalene-based microporous metal-organic frameworks | transport_benchmarkcation-dependent TTF MOF conductivity series | research_0353 |
| Ref. 152015 | Cu3(hexaiminotriphenylene)2: an electrically conductive 2D metal-organic framework for chemiresistive sensing | transport_benchmarkCu3(HITP)2 conductivity and first sensing application benchmark | research_0002 |
| Ref. 162017 | Conductive MOF electrodes for stable supercapacitors with high areal capacitance | application_benchmarkfirst EC use highlighted for conductive MOFs | Unmapped |
| Ref. 262014 | High electrical conductivity in Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2, a semiconducting metal-organic grapheme analogue | transport_benchmark2D layered HITP conductivity and structure | Unmapped |
| Ref. 272019 | Integration of a (-Cu-S-)n plane in a metal-organic framework affords high electrical conductivity | application_benchmarkCu-S plane high-conductivity structure example | research_0104 |
| Ref. 322019 | Synthesis of bimetallic conductive 2D metal-organic framework (CoxNiy-CAT) and its mass production: enhanced electrochemical oxygen reduction activity | application_benchmarkbimetallic conductive MOF ORR example | Unmapped |
| Ref. 332018 | Activating aromatic rings as Na-ion storage sites to achieve high capacity | application_benchmark3D wavy-layered MOF sodium storage benchmark | Unmapped |
| Ref. 342018 | Stabilization of hexaaminobenzene in a 2D conductive metal-organic framework for high power sodium storage | application_benchmark2D HAB/Co sodium storage benchmark | research_0004 |
| Ref. 362015 | A two-dimensional pi-d conjugated coordination polymer with extremely high electrical conductivity and ambipolar transport behaviour | transport_benchmarkhigh-conductivity BHT coordination polymer | research_0006 |
| Ref. 372017 | Conductive copper benzenehexathiol coordination polymer as a hydrogen evolution catalyst | application_benchmarkCu-BHT film and HER benchmark | Unmapped |
| Ref. 392019 | Nickel (II) and Copper (II) coordination polymers derived from 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene for lithium-ion batteries | application_benchmarkTIB conductive MOF LIB anode/cathode examples | Unmapped |
| Ref. 462017 | Bis(aminothiolato)nickel nanosheet as a redox switch for conductivity and an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction | transport_benchmarkNiAT conductivity and HER catalyst example | Unmapped |
| Ref. 522017 | Layer-by-layer assembled conductive metal-organic framework nanofilms room-temperature chemiresistive sensing | application_benchmarkspray layer-by-layer conductive MOF film method | research_0115 |
| Ref. 532019 | Construction of large-area ultrathin conductive metal-organic framework films through vapor-induced conversion | application_benchmarkalkaline vapour-induced film construction method | Unmapped |
| Ref. 542016 | Direct self-assembly of conductive nanorods of metal-organic frameworks into chemiresistive devices on shrinkable polymer films | application_benchmarkdirect self-assembly into device electrodes | Unmapped |
| Ref. 592017 | Conductive metal-organic framework nanowire array electrodes for high-performance solid state supercapacitors | application_benchmarksolid-state EC benchmark for Cu3(HHTP)2 nanowires | research_0026 |
| Ref. 642020 | Molecular understanding of charge storage and charging dynamics in supercapacitors with MOF electrodes and ionic liquid electrolytes10.1038/s41563-019-0598-7 | application_benchmarkionic-liquid EC benchmark | Unmapped |
| Ref. 702019 | Bottom-up fabrication of 1D Cu-based conductive metal-organic framework nanowires as a high-rate anode towards efficient lithium storage | application_benchmarkCu-HHTP LIB anode benchmark | research_0046 |
| Ref. 712019 | Conductive Co-based metal-organic framework nanowires: a competitive high-rate anode towards advanced Li-ion capacitors | application_benchmarkCo-HHTP lithium storage benchmark | Unmapped |
| Ref. 722019 | Construction of 1D conductive Ni-MOF nanorods with fast Li+ kinetic diffusion and stable high-rate capacities as an anode for lithium ion batteries | application_benchmarkNi-HHTP lithium diffusion and cycling benchmark | research_0478 |
| Ref. 912019 | Conductive 2D metal-organic framework for high-performance cathodes in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries | application_benchmarkaqueous zinc battery cathode benchmark | research_0188 |
| Ref. 952018 | Novel conductive metal-organic framework for a high-performance lithium-sulfur battery host: 2D Cu-benzenhexathial (BHT) | application_benchmarkconductive MOF sulfur host example | Unmapped |
| Ref. 992019 | Conductive metal-organic framework nanowire arrays for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution | application_benchmarkFe-doped HHTP OER benchmark | Unmapped |