Sanjeev K. Bhardwaj, Neha Bhardwaj, Rajnish Kaur, Jyotsana Mehta, Amit L. Sharma, Ki-Hyun Kim and Akash Deep · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · 2018
To review strategies for introducing electrical conductivity and long-range charge transport into otherwise insulating MOFs, with emphasis on linker choice, guest/dopant incorporation, polymer/carbon composites, thin-film platforms and electrochemical or optoelectronic applications.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Surveys electrochemical sensor platforms using carbon paste electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes and conducting substrates, plus photocatalytic, photovoltaic and gas-sensing examples.
Relevance: Supporting · p007 · 3. Applications of electroactive MOFs · Table 2
Treats carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and carbon particles as conductive hybrid components that improve charge transfer and sensor use.
Relevance: Core · p007 · 2.4 MOF-carbon composites · Fig. 5
Concludes that guest doping and conductive media integration are the leading routes, while calling for quantum-level understanding, designer ligands, environmental stability and computational modelling.
Relevance: Core · p016 · 5. Conclusions
Introduces the main problem of missing free carriers and low-energy charge-transfer pathways, then uses Fig. 1 to classify methods for obtaining conductive MOFs.
Relevance: Core · p002 · 2. Conducting MOFs · Fig. 1
Synthesises the relative strengths, limits and transport mechanisms of linker design, dopant incorporation, polymer loading and carbon composites, using Table 1 as the benchmark comparison.
Relevance: Core · p013 · 4. Critical assessment of different strategies to introduce conductivity in MOFs · Table 1
Reviews dopant introduction into MOF pores, including redox-active molecules, iodine/polyiodide, ferrocene, metallacarboranes, metallic nanoclusters and cationic molecules.
Relevance: Core · p003 · 2.2 Synthesis of conducting MOFs by incorporating dopants
Frames MOFs as porous, tunable materials that are usually insulating, and motivates conductivity engineering for sensors, catalysis, supercapacitors and electronics.
Relevance: Core · p001 · Introduction
Highlights band-gap suppression, photoresponsive MOFs, DSSC counter-electrode uses and integration of conductive ultrathin MOF films into devices.
Relevance: Supporting · p011 · 3.2 Photovoltaics
Describes the use of MOF void space to host polymerisable monomers such as pyrrole or EDOT, creating non-covalent conductive pathways while retaining framework crystallinity.
Relevance: Core · p007 · 2.3 MOFs loaded with conducting polymers
Covers linker and metal-node designs that create charge-transfer pathways, including DSBDC, HITP and mixed-valence/semiquinoid frameworks.
Relevance: Core · p003 · 2.1 Synthesis of conducting MOFs using specific linkers
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
Table 2 organises application examples by the conductive support or device platform rather than by MOF chemistry alone.
Categories: carbon paste electrode modified sensors · glassy carbon electrode modified sensors · MOFs assembled on a conducting substrate · miscellaneous applications
p015 · 3.1 Electrochemical sensors · Table 2
Dopants are classified by whether they create redox, tunnelling, cation-pi or other charge-transfer pathways in the pore network.
Categories: redox-active dyes · metallic species · cations · metal oxides · metal nanoclusters
p003 · 2.2 Synthesis of conducting MOFs by incorporating dopants · Fig. 1
Fig. 1 organises conductive-MOF design into linker-based, dopant-based, polymer-loading and composite routes.
Categories: specific linkers · dopants · polymers · composite formation
p002 · 2. Conducting MOFs · Fig. 1
The review frames conductivity and application choices against available MOF dimensionalities and processable forms.
Categories: 1-D frameworks · 2-D frameworks · 3-D frameworks · powders · suspensions · thin films
p001 · Introduction
The critical assessment distinguishes pi-stacked electroactive moieties from covalently coupled components with orbital overlap.
Categories: through-space pi-stacking interactions · through-bond symmetry and energy overlap
p013 · 4. Critical assessment
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
Hybrid MOFs with carbon particles, CNTs, graphene, graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide.
Conduction: The conductive carbon phase improves charge transfer while MOF porosity and surface chemistry contribute selectivity and adsorption.
Representative materials: HKUST-1/40% C · RGO/ZIF-8 · SWCNT/Zn-MOF · MOF-525/GNR
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Zn · Zr · HKUST-1/BTC · ZIF-8/2-methylimidazole · Zn-SWCNT coordination networks · MOF-525
p007 · 2.4 MOF-carbon composites · Fig. 5
MOF films grown or assembled directly on ITO, FTO, gold screen-printed electrodes or PANI-coated substrates.
Conduction: Conductive supports and templates mediate electron transfer to MOF pores and enable device integration.
Representative materials: ZnO@ZIF-8 · [Cd(atc)(H2O)2]n · Cu-MOF/TCNQ · Cu3(BTC)2@SiO2/PANI · Cu-CAT-1
Nodes / linkers: Zn · Cd · Cu · ZIF-8 · atc · BTC · catecholate
p010 · 3.1.3 MOFs assembled on a conducting substrate · Fig. 9; Fig. 10
MOFs whose pores or nanochannels are infiltrated with iodine or polyiodide species.
Conduction: Iodine interacts with pi-electron walls to generate holes and can promote n to sigma-star charge transfer through polyiodide-containing channels.
Representative materials: Zn3(DL-lac)2(pybz)2/I2 · Eu4(BPT)4(DMF)2(H2O)8/I2 · Co3(NDC)3/I2 · Cu[Ni(pdt)2]/I2
Nodes / linkers: Zn · Eu · Co · Cu · Ni · lactate-pybz frameworks · BPT · NDC · pyrazine-2,3-dithiolate · polyiodide
p004 · 2.2.1.2 MOFs doped with iodine · Fig. 2; Fig. 3
MOFs that host monomers or conductive polymers inside their pore spaces.
Conduction: Non-covalent host-guest interactions channel electron flow; polymer components provide charge density, carrier mobility and electrocatalytic interfaces.
Representative materials: [Cd(NDC)0.5(PCA)]/PPy · PEDOT@Cr-MIL-101 · UiO-66-NH2@PANI · Cu3(BTC)2@SiO2/PANI
Nodes / linkers: Cd · Cr · Zr · Cu · NDC/PCA · MIL-101 · UiO-66-NH2 · BTC
p007 · 2.3 MOFs loaded with conducting polymers · Table 1
MOFs in which the linker and metal-node choice directly generates charge-transfer pathways.
Conduction: Conductivity is attributed to charge delocalisation, metal-sulfur chains, spin electrons, mixed-valence ligands and pi-conjugated linker pathways.
Representative materials: Mn2(DSBDC)(DMF)2 · Fe2(DSBDC)(DMF)2 · Ni3(HITP)2 · Cu3(HITP)2 · (NBu4)2-Fe2(dhbq)3
Nodes / linkers: Mn · Fe · Ni · Cu · Sr · Cd · thiolated DOBDC analogues · HITP/HATP triphenylene linkers · semiquinoid linkers · benzenetricarboxylates
p003 · 2.1 Synthesis of conducting MOFs using specific linkers · Table 1
Copper MOFs infiltrated with tetracyanoquinodimethane to form charge-transfer complexes.
Conduction: TCNQ fills the HOMO-LUMO gap and bridges metal ions, enabling hopping between localised sites and large conductivity increases.
Representative materials: Cu3(BTC)2/TCNQ · Cu(TPyP)-Cu2(O2CCH3)4/TCNQ · Cu-MOF/TCNQ immunosensor films
Nodes / linkers: Cu · BTC · porphyrin TPyP · TCNQ guest
p004 · 2.2.1.1 MOFs doped with TCNQ
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Hybridise MOFs with carbon particles, CNTs, graphene, GO or RGO to combine charge-transfer capability with MOF surface area and porosity.
Claimed effects: Improves native MOF conductivity and provides useful electrochemical sensor and gas uptake platforms.
Controlling variables: carbon loading · GO versus RGO state · composite mass ratio · surface area retention · solution processability
Representative materials: HKUST-1/40% C · RGO/ZIF-8 · SWCNT/Zn-MOF
Caveat: Composite formation requires balancing conductivity, particle size, surface-to-volume ratio, composite stability and solution processability.
p015 · 4. Critical assessment
Grow or deposit MOF films on ITO, FTO, gold screen-printed or conductive polymer supports to make electroactive device surfaces.
Claimed effects: Enables controlled thin films, electron mediation from the substrate to pores and direct integration into sensors and electronic devices.
Controlling variables: substrate chemistry · growth cycles · film thickness · template functional groups · bioconjugation chemistry
Representative materials: ZnO@ZIF-8 · [Cd(atc)(H2O)2]n · Cu3(BTC)2@SiO2/PANI · Cu-CAT-1
Caveat: Performance depends on reproducible film growth, accessible porosity and stable attachment under sensing or device conditions.
p010 · 3.1.3 MOFs assembled on a conducting substrate · Fig. 9; Fig. 10
Expose MOF crystals or films to iodine solutions, vapours or polyiodide templates so guest iodine species create oxidative and electronic pathways.
Claimed effects: Can generate holes, reduce charge-transfer resistance and support photoelectron injection or light-harvesting functions.
Controlling variables: iodine source · exposure time · temperature · host nanochannel chemistry · presence of electron donors such as TTF
Representative materials: Zn3(DL-lac)2(pybz)2/I2 · Eu4(BPT)4(DMF)2(H2O)8/I2 · Cu[Ni(pdt)2]/I2 · TTF-COF/I2
Caveat: Conductivity depends on host interactions, temperature and exposure conditions; not all examples preserve the same device relevance.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
Load metallic nanoclusters or cationic molecules into MOF channels to provide tunnelling or donor-acceptor charge delocalisation.
Claimed effects: Can introduce transport pathways while retaining porosity, but metal nanocluster examples show relatively low conductivity and may need optical excitation.
Controlling variables: guest size · light intensity · temperature · host pore dimensions · guest-ligand donor-acceptor interaction
Representative materials: Rb-CD-MOF/AgNCs · MV2+-BMOF
Caveat: Metallic species route is described as limited by relatively low conductivity and additional light/elevated-temperature requirements.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
Introduce conducting monomers into MOF pores and polymerise them, or grow MOFs with conductive polymer templates.
Claimed effects: Generates non-covalent conducting pathways, improved carrier density and electron mobility while preserving MOF crystallinity in selected examples.
Controlling variables: monomer identity · oxidant · material ratio · host pore size · post-synthetic modification conditions
Representative materials: [Cd(NDC)0.5(PCA)]/PPy · PEDOT@Cr-MIL-101 · UiO-66-NH2@PANI
Caveat: The review points to a need to test more conducting polymers and to optimise host-guest ratios for each intended application.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
Select conjugated, redox-active or electronegative linkers with metals that support delocalised charge-transfer pathways.
Claimed effects: Can produce intrinsic conductive or semiconducting MOFs without relying on externally conductive additives.
Controlling variables: linker redox activity · metal-node identity · orbital overlap · framework dimensionality
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 · Fe2(DSBDC)(DMF)2 · (NBu4)2-Fe2(dhbq)3
Caveat: The review calls for more designer linkers and more quantitative data on delocalisation, especially for mixed-valence ligand systems.
p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1
Infiltrate porous Cu-MOF films with TCNQ to form charge-transfer complexes and bridge metal sites.
Claimed effects: Reported to raise MOF conductivity by multiple orders of magnitude and enable immunosensing platforms.
Controlling variables: dopant concentration · incubation time · MOF pore accessibility · substrate and film form
Representative materials: Cu3(BTC)2/TCNQ · Cu(TPyP)-Cu2(O2CCH3)4/TCNQ · Cu-MOF/TCNQ
Caveat: The authors state that the strategy has not been reported with MOFs made with metal ions other than copper.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
Carbon-MOF composites offer efficient charge transfer plus high surface area, but composite design must balance conductivity, particle size, stability and processability.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The best carbon fraction or reduction state is application-specific.
p015 · 4. Critical assessment
The review argues that simulation, prediction and validation models are needed to establish structure-property-composition relationships in hybrid conductive MOFs.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Presented as a future need rather than a settled methodology.
p016 · 5. Conclusions
Moisture, dehydration, water stability and reproducible linker/crystal supply remain practical barriers to scale-up of electroactive MOFs.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is the review authors' outlook, not a quantified benchmark.
p015 · 4. Critical assessment
Replacing Mn with Fe in the DSBDC MOF is interpreted as increasing conductivity because Fe spin electrons and linker sulfur electronegativity support charge transport.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review's text says six-fold, while the table values imply a much larger order-of-magnitude difference; treat the review as secondary context.
p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1
Ferrocene can mediate charge hopping in MOF pores, but the review judges it less effective than TCNQ or iodine because reported conductivities remain low.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The authors attribute the limitation partly to the size of ferrocene relative to MOF pores.
p005 · 2.2.1.3 MOFs doped with ferrocene
HITP-type triphenylene linkers are described as an especially strong option among specific linkers for high MOF conductivity.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The claim is based on a limited set of examples and does not replace primary comparison across measurement geometries.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
Iodine doping is presented as an oxidative route that generates holes within MOF frameworks and can assist photoelectron injection into conducting substrates.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Conductivity and device outcomes depend strongly on host framework and doping conditions.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
Deliberate selection of metal ions and ligands can tune MOF band positions, band gaps and whether a framework behaves as metallic, semiconducting or insulating.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review relies partly on computational studies and presents this as a design rationale rather than a universal rule.
p002 · 2. Conducting MOFs
Metal nanoclusters can support charge transport by tunnelling while helping preserve MOF porosity, but the conductivity levels remain modest.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The exemplar requires light intensity and elevated temperature for the highest reported conductivity.
p006 · 2.2.2.1 MOFs doped with metal nanoparticles
Mixed-valence ligands are highlighted as a relatively new route to long-range network semiconductivity through intervalence charge transfer.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The authors explicitly call for more quantitative data on electronic delocalisation in these systems.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
Conducting polymers inside MOFs can form host-guest pathways that greatly increase conductivity without necessarily destroying crystallinity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Material ratios and polymerisation conditions need optimisation, and the review calls for broader polymer exploration.
p007 · 2.3 MOFs loaded with conducting polymers
Most pristine MOFs are insulating or weakly conductive because they lack free charge carriers and low-energy charge-transport pathways.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The statement is a broad review-level generalisation; exceptions are discussed through engineered conductive MOFs.
p002 · 2. Conducting MOFs
Electroactive MOFs are positioned as competitive electrochemical sensor materials because they combine electrocatalytic activity, tunable pores and intrinsic analyte selectivity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review summarises performance rather than comparing primary studies under standardised test conditions.
p016 · 5. Conclusions · Table 2
Specific linkers such as DSBDC, HITP and semiquinoid ligands can create delocalised pathways that raise MOF electronic conductivity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Representative values vary strongly with material, morphology and measurement method.
p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1
TCNQ is interpreted as a bridging species whose unoccupied orbital narrows the host gap and facilitates electron hopping between localised sites.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review notes the approach had not yet been generalised beyond copper MOFs.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secondary[Cd(atc)(H2O)2]n | parathion limit of detection | 0.1 ng mL^-1 | MOF assembled on conducting ITO substrate; impedimetric immunosensor Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p015 · 3.1.3 MOFs assembled on a conducting substrate · Table 2 |
| Secondary[Cd(NDC)0.5(PCA)]/PPy | conductivity of polymer-loaded MOF | 1 x 10^-3 S cm^-1 | polypyrrole polymerised within MOF pores; parent MOF approximately 10^-12 S cm^-1 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu3(BTC)2@SiO2/PANI | atrazine limit of detection | 0.01 nM | PANI-supported MOF immunosensor; dynamic detection range 0.01 nM to 1 uM Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p015 · 3.1.3 MOFs assembled on a conducting substrate · Table 2 |
| SecondaryCu3(BTC)2/TCNQ | conductivity of doped MOF | 7 x 10^-2 S cm^-1 | thin films infiltrated with TCNQ; undoped comparator 10^-8 S cm^-1 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu3(HITP)2 | electrical conductivity | 0.2 S cm^-1 | pressed pellet; two-point-probe measurements at room temperature Table · Exact Reported | research_0002 | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu[Ni(pdt)2]/I2 | conductivity of doped MOF | 1 x 10^-4 S cm^-1 | I2 vapour-doped electroactive microporous MOF; measured at 50 C Table · Exact Reported | research_0203 | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| SecondaryFe2(DSBDC)(DMF)2 | electrical conductivity | 3.9 x 10^-6 S cm^-1 | compressed pellet; two-probe current-voltage technique Table · Exact Reported | research_0011 | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| SecondaryHKUST-1/ferrocene | conductivity of doped MOF | 2 x 10^-9 S cm^-1 | ferrocene vapour exposure at room temperature Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| SecondaryMOF-5 modified carbon paste electrode | lead ion limit of detection | 4.9 x 10^-9 mol L^-1 | anodic stripping voltammetry; linear range 10^-8 to 10^-6 mol L^-1 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p015 · 3.1.1 MOF modified carbon paste electrodes · Table 2 |
| SecondaryMV2+-BMOF | conductivity of doped MOF | 2.3 x 10^-5 S cm^-1 | methyl viologen-doped BMOF thin film; four-probe method Table · Exact Reported | research_0431 | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| Secondary(NBu4)2-Fe2(dhbq)3 | dc electrical conductivity | 0.16 S cm^-1 | dried pellet; room temperature; ohmic behaviour within +/-1 V Table · Exact Reported | research_0186 | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | electrical conductivity | 2 S cm^-1 | compressed pellet; two-probe measurements; as summarised in Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| SecondaryPEDOT@Cr-MIL-101 | NO2 detection limit | 60 ppb | chemiresistive NO2 sensing; linear range 200-10000 ppb Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p015 · 3.3 Miscellaneous applications · Table 2 |
| SecondaryPEDOT@Cr-MIL-101 | conductivity of polymer-loaded MOF | 1.1 x 10^-3 S cm^-1 | PEDOT polymerised in Cr-MIL-101 matrix under optimised material ratio Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| SecondaryRGO/ZIF-8 | electrical conductivity | 0.64 S cm^-1 | RGO/ZIF-8 composite; Table 1 value equivalent to 64 S m^-1 in text Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| SecondarySWCNT/Zn-MOF | methyl parathion limit of detection | 2.3 ng mL^-1 | glassy carbon electrode modified with SWCNT-Zn-MOF hybrid Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p015 · 3.1.2 MOF modified glassy carbon electrodes · Table 2 |
| SecondaryTTF-COF/I2 | conductivity of doped framework | 2.8 x 10^-3 S cm^-1 | I2 vapour exposure in closed chamber for 24 h; undoped comparator 1 x 10^-6 S cm^-1 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
| SecondaryZn3(DL-lac)2(pybz)2/I2 | conductivity of doped MOF | 3.42 x 10^-3 S cm^-1 | I2-doped crystals; in-plane measurement Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | p013 · 4. Critical assessment · Table 1 |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
The review indicates that more conducting polymers should be studied as MOF dopants or hybrid components.
Proposed direction: Screen additional polymer/MOF combinations and relate non-covalent host-guest coupling to charge density and mobility.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
The authors identify a gap in correlating conductivity with dehydration rate and anhydrous conditions.
Proposed direction: Measure conductivity under controlled humid-to-anhydrous transitions and connect dehydration kinetics to transport stability.
p015 · 4. Critical assessment
The authors call for more specific organic linkers that can generate intrinsic electron conductivity.
Proposed direction: Explore proton-coupled redox, dithiooxamido, pyrazinedithiolate, halogen, nitrogen heterocycle and catechol-derived linkers.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
Metal nanocluster doping gives relatively low conductivity and can require light/elevated-temperature activation.
Proposed direction: Explore other nanoparticles and host frameworks to improve tunnelling-mediated transport without sacrificing porosity.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
The review states that mixed-valence ligand conductive MOFs need more quantitative data on electronic delocalisation.
Proposed direction: Generate quantitative measurements and models for intervalence charge transfer in mixed-valence MOFs.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
The review notes practical needs for cost-effective linker supply, uniform MOF crystal size, accessible porosity and water stability.
Proposed direction: Develop reproducible, scalable syntheses with controlled crystal size, pore accessibility and regeneration stability.
p015 · 4. Critical assessment
A comprehensive relationship between structure, property and composition of hybrid MOFs remains to be established.
Proposed direction: Use simulation, prediction and validation models to guide electronic communication between organic and metal building blocks.
p016 · 5. Conclusions
TCNQ doping is presented as effective but not yet reported beyond copper-based MOFs in this review.
Proposed direction: Test TCNQ and related acceptors with non-Cu metal nodes and distinct framework topologies.
p014 · 4. Critical assessment
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 132016 | Title unavailable | background_review · conductivity_contextCited for the general statement that MOFs usually lack carriers and low-energy transport pathways. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 142014 | Title unavailable | electronic_structure · conductivity_contextCited for DFT-based band-position analysis and conductivity limits in important MOFs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 152011 | Title unavailable | conductivity_contextCited for weak electron transfer between non-redox metal centres and organic linkers. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 182015 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · specific_linkerUsed for the Cu3(HITP)2 conductivity benchmark and ammonia sensing example. | research_0002 |
| Ref. 262012 | Title unavailable | electronic_structure · band_structureCited for computational exploration of band structures and metal/ligand control of conductivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 272015 | Title unavailable | electronic_structure · band_structureUsed for DFT prediction of electroactivity in MIL-140A through metal substitution and fluorination. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 282015 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · specific_linkerUsed for MOF-74 analogue with metal-sulfur chains and charge mobility evidence. | research_0063 |
| Ref. 292013 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · specific_linkerUsed for Fe analogue of DSBDC MOF with enhanced pellet conductivity. | research_0011 |
| Ref. 302014 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · specific_linkerUsed for Ni3(HITP)2 conductivity in pellet and film forms and temperature dependence. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 312015 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · mixed_valenceUsed for Sr-based 3-D MOF with temperature-dependent conductive behaviour. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 322015 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · mixed_valenceUsed for high-conductivity 3-D MOF with semiquinoid mixed-valence linker. | research_0186 |
| Ref. 332017 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · humidity_sensingUsed for a Cd redox-active MOF with conductivity and humidity-sensing relevance. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 352014 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · iodine_dopingUsed for iodine-vapour doping of a TTF-based conductive framework and charge-transfer interpretation. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 362013 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · tcnq_dopingUsed for the pioneering TCNQ infiltration example producing a large conductivity increase in Cu3(BTC)2 films. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 372016 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · tcnq_dopingUsed for TCNQ-doped 2-D Cu-MOF thin films with hopping transport interpretation. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 382017 | Title unavailable | sensor_benchmark · tcnq_dopingUsed for TCNQ-doped Cu-MOF films on gold screen-printed electrode and PSA immunosensing. | research_0544 |
| Ref. 392015 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · iodine_dopingUsed for iodine-doped Co-MOF thin films and light-harvesting interfacial charge-transfer interpretation. | research_0067 |
| Ref. 402010 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · iodine_dopingUsed for iodine-vapour doping of microporous Cu[Ni(pdt)2] with retained porosity and conductivity enhancement. | research_0203 |
| Ref. 432014 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · iodine_dopingUsed for iodine-infiltrated EuL conductivity and temperature dependence. | research_0275 |
| Ref. 442010 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · iodine_dopingUsed for iodine-doped Zn-MOF crystals with in-plane and cross-plane conductivity values. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 462012 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · ferrocene_dopingUsed for ferrocene-loaded HKUST-1 SURMOF and the review's limitation argument for ferrocene. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 472018 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · metallacarborane_dopingUsed for NiCB-loaded NU-1000 and EIS-based conductivity measurement. | research_0106 |
| Ref. 482015 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · metal_nanoclusterUsed for light-assisted conductivity in Ag nanocluster-loaded cyclodextrin MOF. | research_0037 |
| Ref. 502016 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · cationic_guestUsed for methyl viologen-doped BMOF and donor-acceptor charge delocalisation. | research_0431 |
| Ref. 512016 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · conducting_polymerUsed for polypyrrole-in-MOF conductivity and Hall-effect carrier discussion. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 522016 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · conducting_polymer · sensor_benchmarkUsed for PEDOT@Cr-MIL-101 conductivity and NO2 sensing application benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 532014 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · carbon_compositeUsed for HKUST-1 carbon composite conductivity and MOF-carbon composite design. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 552016 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · carbon_compositeUsed for RGO/ZIF-8 conductivity and CO2 sorption comparison. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 582013 | Title unavailable | sensor_benchmark · carbon_paste_electrodeUsed for MOF-5 modified carbon paste electrode lead-ion detection benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 662012 | Title unavailable | sensor_benchmark · carbon_compositeUsed for SWCNT-Zn-MOF hybrid glassy carbon electrode and methyl parathion detection. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 732017 | Title unavailable | sensor_benchmark · conducting_polymerUsed for aniline polymerisation in UiO-66-NH2 and cadmium sensing. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 772015 | Title unavailable | sensor_benchmark · conducting_substrateUsed for Cd nano-MOF films on ITO and parathion immunosensing. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 782013 | Title unavailable | sensor_benchmark · conducting_substrateUsed for self-template ZnO@ZIF-8 nanorod arrays and size-selective H2O2 sensing. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 832017 | Title unavailable | photoresponsive_mof · electronic_structureUsed for photoresistive/photoresponsive Co-MOF with broad absorption and semiconductor behaviour. | research_0772 |
| Ref. 852018 | Title unavailable | thin_film_device · conductive_mofUsed for integrating ultrathin electrically conductive porous metal catecholate MOF films into devices. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 872015 | Title unavailable | sensor_benchmark · conducting_substrateUsed for PANI-supported Cu3(BTC)2@SiO2 immunosensor for atrazine detection. | Unmapped |