Primary studyCore evidenceThin Film Device

Charge Transfer-Induced Molecular Hole Doping into Thin Film of Metal-Organic Frameworks

Lee D.Y., Kim E.-K., Shrestha N.K. et al. · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · 2015 · 18501-18507

4materials
11samples
6synthesis routes
14measurements
54results
5claims and caveats

Evidence map

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Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: Medium

The iodine-doped Co3(NDC)3 HOMO-LUMO levels are suitably aligned for interfacial photoelectron injection into ITO or TiO2.

Caveat: Device fabrication details are partial and IPCE maximum is visually estimated from SI Figure S10.

18505 · Conclusions · Figures 6, S10 · Linked to 5 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: High

The calculated ideal hole concentration is several orders of magnitude higher than the Hall-measured carrier concentration because real films contain grain boundaries and structural imperfections.

Caveat: The calculated value assumes all charge carriers participate without barriers.

18504 · Results and Discussion · Linked to 3 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

LbL iodine-doped films are more conductive than doctor-blade films, probably because LbL films have fewer grain boundaries and more compact layers.

Caveat: The grain-boundary explanation is proposed by the authors; no direct grain-boundary density measurement is reported.

18502 · Results and Discussion · Figure 1; Figure 3B · Linked to 4 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

The conductivity increase is attributed to charge-transfer complex formation between iodine and aromatic NDC ligand pi electrons, not oxidation of Co(II).

Caveat: XPS and DFT evidence supports the assignment, but the exact fraction of iodine participating in charge transfer is inferred from spectral decomposition and modelling.

18503 · Results and Discussion · Figures S3-S6 · Linked to 5 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Iodine doping converts otherwise insulating Co3(NDC)3 films into p-type semiconducting films by introducing holes into the framework.

Caveat: Carrier concentration is far below the ideal calculated hole density; authors attribute the difference to grain boundaries and imperfections.

18503 · Results and Discussion · Table 1; Table S1; Figure S5 · Linked to 5 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Co3(NDC)3 cobalt 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate MOFCo3(NDC)3DMF4, denoted Co3(NDC)3 in the paperLinear trinuclear Co(II) sub-building units linked by carboxylate groups. · 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (NDC) ligands with aromatic naphthalene rings.3D · PristineNeutral 3D framework with 1D channels along the a- and c-axes; bulk powder and DB/LbL films show the same characteristic crystalline structure by XRD.18502-18503 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2
Iodine-doped Co3(NDC)3 charge-transfer MOFCo3(NDC)3 with iodine guest molecules; about 0.35 iodine molecules per unit cell reportedCo(II)-based Co3(NDC)3 framework; Co 2p XPS is reported not to shift after iodine doping. · NDC aromatic rings acting as electron donors toward iodine acceptors.3D · PristineIodine-loaded Co3(NDC)3 retaining the framework absorption edge, showing I 3d/I3- XPS evidence and p-type Hall effect.18503 · Results and Discussion · Table 1; Figures 3-5
Iodine-doped Co3(NDC)3 sensitised TiO2/FTO photoelectrochemical cellFTO/TiO2/Co3(NDC)3-I2/Pt with I-/I3- electrolyteCo(II) nodes in Co3(NDC)3; TiO2 mesoporous film as electron-accepting semiconductor. · NDC linkers in Co3(NDC)3.3D · CompositeComposite device stack using iodine-doped Co3(NDC)3 as light-harvesting layer on TiO2/FTO.18505 · Results and Discussion · Figure S10
Iodine-loaded naphthalene dicarboxylic acid model systemNDC plus I2None · Naphthalene dicarboxylic acid molecular analogue of the MOF linker.0D · Model SystemMolecular model system used to support iodine-aromatic charge-transfer assignment by UV-visible spectroscopy and DFT.18504 · Results and Discussion · Figures 4B and 5B

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 11 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Bulk Co3(NDC)3 powderresearch_0067__mat__mat_co3ndc3Powder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkBulk Co3(NDC)3 synthesised from Co(NO3)2.3H2O and 2,6-NDC in DMF and used as reference material for film characterisation.S2 · Experimental details, 1.1
Pristine Co3(NDC)3 doctor-blade film on glassresearch_0067__mat__mat_co3ndc3Thin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkBulk MOF/PEG/ethanol/water paste doctor-bladed and annealed at 250 deg C before iodine doping.Nonconducting glass · not reportedS2 · Experimental details, 1.2
Pristine Co3(NDC)3 doctor-blade film on ITOresearch_0067__mat__mat_co3ndc3Thin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkDoctor-bladed Co3(NDC)3 film on ITO before iodine doping.ITO glass · not reported18505 · Results and Discussion · Figure 6
Pristine Co3(NDC)3 LbL film on amine-functionalised glassresearch_0067__mat__mat_co3ndc3Thin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine Framework20-cycle layer-by-layer Co3(NDC)3 film before iodine doping.Amine-functionalised nonconducting glass · not reportedS2 · Experimental details, 1.3
Pristine Co3(NDC)3 LbL film on ITOresearch_0067__mat__mat_co3ndc3Thin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine Framework20-cycle LbL film on ITO before iodine doping, used for PL and electrochemical comparisons.ITO glass · not reportedS2 · Experimental details, 1.3
Iodine-doped Co3(NDC)3 doctor-blade film on glassresearch_0067__mat__mat_i2_co3ndc3Thin Film · Target Sample · DopedDoctor-blade Co3(NDC)3 film dipped in 0.1 M I2 in acetonitrile for 2 h at 50 deg C.Nonconducting glass · not reportedS3 · Experimental details, 1.4
Iodine-doped Co3(NDC)3 doctor-blade film on ITOresearch_0067__mat__mat_i2_co3ndc3Thin Film · Target Sample · DopedDoctor-blade Co3(NDC)3 film on ITO after iodine doping.ITO glass · not reported18505 · Results and Discussion · Figure 6
Iodine-doped Co3(NDC)3 LbL film on glassresearch_0067__mat__mat_i2_co3ndc3Thin Film · Target Sample · DopedLbL Co3(NDC)3 film dipped in 0.1 M I2 in acetonitrile for 2 h at 50 deg C.Amine-functionalised nonconducting glass / glass substrate · not reportedS3 · Experimental details, 1.4
Iodine-doped Co3(NDC)3 LbL film on ITOresearch_0067__mat__mat_i2_co3ndc3Thin Film · Target Sample · DopedLbL Co3(NDC)3 film on ITO after iodine doping.ITO glass · not reported18505 · Results and Discussion · Figure 6
Iodine-doped Co3(NDC)3 sensitised TiO2/FTO Graetzel-type cellresearch_0067__mat__mat_i2_co3ndc3_tio2_deviceElectrode · Composite Sample · CompositeTiO2/FTO sensitised with Co3(NDC)3 layers by LbL, iodine doped, and assembled with Pt counter electrode and I-/I3- electrolyte.FTO with doctor-bladed mesoporous TiO2 film · not reported18505 · Results and Discussion · Figure S10
Iodine plus naphthalene dicarboxylic acid modelresearch_0067__mat__mat_i2_ndc_modelModel · Model System · ModelSaturated suspension of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid with iodine in chloroform and corresponding DFT model.18504 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4B