Primary studyCore evidenceTransport Physics

Charge-Transfer-Induced Electrical Conductivity in a Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Metal-Organic Framework

Ukaj D., Bunzen H., Berger J. et al. · Chemistry of Materials · 2021 · 2532-2542

4materials
14samples
12synthesis routes
56measurements
85results
7claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

CaveatSupport assessment: High

Pressed-pellet conductivity values should be interpreted with care because intergrain boundary resistance and possibly inconsistent pellet thickness can strongly influence the measurements.

p008 / 2539 · Results and Discussion · Figure 6 · Linked to 6 structured results

Phase AssignmentSupport assessment: High

The general structures of Zn2TTFTB and Cd2TTFTB host frameworks are maintained during TCNE VPI loading.

Caveat: Cd series shows weak/no (100) reflection after infiltration, suggesting possible stack disorder despite no large PXRD changes.

p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2 · Linked to 3 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

TCNE infiltration largely removes accessible porosity; infiltrated frameworks are nonporous to N2, Zn samples 1/3/5 retain only extremely slow CO2 uptake, and Cd samples 7-10 remain nonporous even for CO2.

Caveat: Numerical sorption traces are in missing SI Figure S25; main text gives qualitative porosity conclusions.

p004 / 2535 · Results and Discussion · Figure S25 cited · Linked to 3 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

Zn2TTFTB is more reactive toward TCNE than Cd2TTFTB, producing higher TCNE- fractions and a much larger conductivity increase.

Caveat: Conductivity comparisons are on pressed pellets and may be affected by intergrain boundary resistance and pellet thickness.

p008 / 2539 · Conclusion and Outlook · Figure 6 · Linked to 4 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

VPI of Cd2TTFTB with TCNE at 300 deg C produced only amorphous material, so the Cd sample series was limited to 200 deg C.

Caveat: No numbered conductive sample corresponds to the amorphous 300 deg C Cd condition.

p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Most of the conductivity enhancement occurs at lower TCNE loading; further TCNE mainly increases neutral TCNE0 and leaves conductivity nearly constant or reduced.

Caveat: Some conductivities, especially same-condition comparisons, may fall within measurement error due to pressed-pellet geometry.

p008 / 2539 · Results and Discussion · Figure 6; Table 1 · Linked to 5 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

TCNE infiltration creates mixed-valent host-guest complexes containing TTFTB0, TTFTB+, TTFTB2+, TCNE0, and TCNE-, and the TCNE-/TCNE0 ratio tracks the degree of charge transfer.

Caveat: Detailed IR/Raman spectra and cyclic voltammograms are in the missing SI; main text reports the assignments and Table 1 integrals.

p007 / 2538 · Results and Discussion · Table 1 · Linked to 3 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Cd2TTFTBBrowse family: Cd₂(TTFTB)Cd2TTFTB; TTFTB4- = tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoateCd2+ nodes in the isostructural M2TTFTB framework · TTFTB4- tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate3D · PristineIsostructural M2TTFTB framework with infinite one-dimensional helical TTF pi-stacks and cylindrical one-dimensional pores aligned parallel to the TTFTB pi-stacks.p002 / 2533 · Introduction · Figure 1
(TCNE)xCd2TTFTB(TCNE)xCd2TTFTBCd2+ nodes inherited from Cd2TTFTB · TTFTB4- tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate with mixed TTFTB0/TTFTB+/TTFTB2+ states after TCNE infiltration3D · PristineTCNE guest-infiltrated Cd2TTFTB; PXRD shows no large changes versus activated host, but Cd series shows weak/no (100) reflection after TCNE infiltration.p004 / 2535 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2
(TCNE)xZn2TTFTB(TCNE)xZn2TTFTBZn2+ nodes inherited from Zn2TTFTB · TTFTB4- tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate with mixed TTFTB0/TTFTB+/TTFTB2+ states after TCNE infiltration3D · PristineTCNE guest-infiltrated Zn2TTFTB; PXRD shows the host framework is maintained after VPI loading.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Scheme 1; Figure 2
Zn2TTFTBBrowse family: Zn₂(TTFTB)Zn2TTFTB; TTFTB4- = tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoateZn2+ nodes; corner-sharing ZnO6 octahedra described for the M2TTFTB structure · TTFTB4- tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate3D · PristineIsostructural M2TTFTB framework with infinite one-dimensional helical TTF pi-stacks and cylindrical one-dimensional pores aligned parallel to the TTFTB pi-stacks.p002 / 2533 · Introduction · Figure 1

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 14 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
10: (TCNE)0.60@Cd2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_cd2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedVPI with y = 1.0 equiv TCNE, 200 deg C, 30 d; black microcrystalline powder; pressed into pellet for conductivity.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Scheme 1
1: (TCNE)0.38@Zn2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_zn2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedVPI with y = 0.5 equiv TCNE, 200 deg C, 10 d; black microcrystalline powder; pressed into pellet for conductivity.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Scheme 1
2: (TCNE)0.81@Zn2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_zn2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedVPI with y = 1.0 equiv TCNE, 200 deg C, 10 d; black microcrystalline powder; pressed into pellet for conductivity.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Scheme 1
3: (TCNE)0.46@Zn2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_zn2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedVPI with y = 0.5 equiv TCNE, 200 deg C, 30 d; black microcrystalline powder; pressed into pellet for conductivity.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Scheme 1
4: (TCNE)0.86@Zn2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_zn2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedVPI with y = 1.0 equiv TCNE, 200 deg C, 30 d; black microcrystalline powder; pressed into pellet for conductivity.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Scheme 1
5: (TCNE)0.50@Zn2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_zn2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedVPI with y = 0.5 equiv TCNE, 300 deg C, 30 d; black microcrystalline powder; pressed into pellet for conductivity.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Scheme 1
6: (TCNE)0.82@Zn2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_zn2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedVPI with y = 1.0 equiv TCNE, 300 deg C, 30 d; black microcrystalline powder; pressed into pellet for conductivity.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Scheme 1
7: (TCNE)0.47@Cd2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_cd2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedVPI with y = 0.5 equiv TCNE, 200 deg C, 10 d; black microcrystalline powder; pressed into pellet for conductivity.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Scheme 1
8: (TCNE)0.58@Cd2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_cd2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedVPI with y = 1.0 equiv TCNE, 200 deg C, 10 d; black microcrystalline powder; pressed into pellet for conductivity.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Scheme 1
9: (TCNE)0.47@Cd2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_cd2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedVPI with y = 0.5 equiv TCNE, 200 deg C, 30 d; black microcrystalline powder; pressed into pellet for conductivity.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion · Scheme 1
activated Cd2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_cd2ttftbPowder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkActivated polycrystalline powder; pressed into pellets for electrical conductivity measurements.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion
(TCNE)xCd2TTFTB series, samples 7-10research_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_cd2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedBlack microcrystalline powders obtained by VPI from activated Cd2TTFTB and TCNE.p009 / 2540 · Experimental Section · Table 2
activated Zn2TTFTBresearch_0064__mat__mat_zn2ttftbPowder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkActivated polycrystalline powder; pressed into pellets for electrical conductivity measurements.p003 / 2534 · Results and Discussion
(TCNE)xZn2TTFTB series, samples 1-6research_0064__mat__mat_tcne_x_zn2ttftbPowder · Target Sample · Guest LoadedBlack microcrystalline powders obtained by VPI from activated Zn2TTFTB and TCNE.p009 / 2540 · Experimental Section · Table 2