Primary studyCore evidenceTransport Physics

Asymmetrical Substitution Manipulates Stacking Modes in 2D Conductive MOF Crystals

Liu Y., Yao H., Zhang H. et al. · Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025 · 48127-48135

6materials
12samples
5synthesis routes
19measurements
54results
8claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

CaveatSupport assessment: High

The isolated ligand thin films did not show detectable hole or electron mobility, so conductive transport evidence is associated with MOF frameworks rather than standalone ligands.

Caveat: Applies to the tested ligand thin-film FET configurations.

8 and 47 · OFET devices fabrications and testing · Figure S35 · Linked to 1 structured result

CaveatSupport assessment: Medium

The lower Cu3F2HHTP2 conductivity observed after cryostat mounting is attributed to irreversible mechanical damage during device preparation and helium/vacuum cycling, not intrinsic material behaviour.

Caveat: This explanation is the authors' proposed interpretation of a before/after device comparison.

82-83 · Figure S66 · Figure S66 · Linked to 2 structured results

Phase AssignmentSupport assessment: High

Cu3F2HHTP2 forms a rare bridged bilayer/wavy layered structure with interlayer Cu-O coordination and pentacoordinate Cu sites.

Caveat: Underlying CIFs were not locally available; assignment is taken from article/SI text and figures.

5 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4c,f,i · Linked to 5 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

Asymmetrical fluorine substitution of HHTP modulates electrostatic potential distributions and controls stacking modes in both ligand crystals and the resulting Cu-MOFs.

Caveat: The mechanistic interpretation relies on structural models and computed electrostatic/electronic interactions.

1-2 · Abstract and Results and Discussion · Figure 1 · Linked to 5 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

The authors infer that BET surface areas are governed by interlayer stacking mode, with larger interlayer distance favouring gas adsorption and corrugation in Cu3F2HHTP2 partly recovering surface area.

Caveat: The porosity explanation is a hypothesis/inference rather than a direct mechanistic measurement.

5 · Results and Discussion · Linked to 5 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Interlayer binding-energy calculations support the strongest interlayer interaction for Cu3F2HHTP2.

Caveat: Computational result, not an experimental measurement.

5 · Results and Discussion · Figure S62 · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Cu3F2HHTP2 has the highest room-temperature single-crystal conductivity and Hall electron mobility in the three-MOF series.

Caveat: Temperature-dependent cryostat measurements of Cu3F2HHTP2 were affected by device degradation.

6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 5h · Linked to 6 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

The fluorination strategy raises carrier mobility but can reduce carrier density, so conductivity is controlled by a balance of mobility and carrier concentration.

Caveat: Carrier concentration anomaly is attributed to structural defects; defect concentration is not directly quantified in the extracted text.

7 · Results and Discussion · Figure 5h · Linked to 5 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Cu3F2HHTP2Cu3F2HHTP2Cu catecholate nodes plus interlayer Cu-O coordination; square-planar and pentacoordinate Cu environments · F2HHTP (1,4-difluorotriphenylene-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaol)2D · PristineWavy layered 2D framework with bridged bilayer sheets and interlayer Cu-O coordination.5-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4c,f,i
Cu3FHHTP2Cu3FHHTP2Cu catecholate nodes; square-planar CuO4 units · FHHTP (1-fluorotriphenylene-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaol)2D · PristineFluorinated 2D layered framework adopting antiparallel stacking driven by complementary electrostatic potentials.2-4 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2c and Figure 4
Cu3HHTP2Browse family: Cu₃(HHTP)₂ / Cu–HHTPCu3HHTP2Cu catecholate nodes; square-planar CuO4 units · HHTP (2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene)2D · Pristine2D honeycomb sheets with slipped parallel/4-fold interpenetrated stacking; orthorhombic Cmcm model from PXRD/Pawley and prior single-crystal report.4-5 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4 and Figure 5
F2HHTP ligand crystal/modelC18H10F2O6F2HHTP0D · Model SystemMolecular crystal/model with nearly antiparallel cofacial stacking.3 · Results and Discussion · Figure 3i-l
FHHTP ligand crystal/modelC18H11FO6FHHTP0D · Model SystemMolecular crystal/model with slipped 1D stacking.3 · Results and Discussion · Figure 3e-h
HHTP ligand crystal/modelC18H12O6HHTP0D · Model SystemMolecular crystal/model used for packing and transfer-integral comparison.3 · Results and Discussion · Figure 3a-d

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 12 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Cu3F2HHTP2 Hall pelletresearch_0089__mat__cu3f2hhtp2Pellet · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkMOF powder compressed into a circular pellet for AC-field Hall measurement.pre-processed glass substrate with gold electrode8 and 71 · Hall effect measurements · Figures S55 and S58
Cu3F2HHTP2 blue powder/rod crystalsresearch_0089__mat__cu3f2hhtp2Powder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkBlue powder isolated by centrifugation and solvent washing; rod-like crystals exceeding 5 um.12 · Synthesis of Cu3F2HHTP2
Cu3F2HHTP2 single-crystal deviceresearch_0089__mat__cu3f2hhtp2Single Crystal · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkDrop-cast fibre/crystal devices with four-contact Ti/Au geometry.Si/SiO2 chip with lithographed Ti/Au contacts · Device diameters in Table S4: 213, 151, 333, and 202 nm64-65 · Electrical conductivity device statistics · Figures S49-S52; Table S4
Cu3FHHTP2 Hall pelletresearch_0089__mat__cu3fhhtp2Pellet · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkMOF powder compressed into a circular pellet for AC-field Hall measurement.pre-processed glass substrate with gold electrode8 and 70 · Hall effect measurements · Figures S54 and S57
Cu3FHHTP2 blue powder/rod crystalsresearch_0089__mat__cu3fhhtp2Powder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkBlue powder isolated by centrifugation and solvent washing; rod-like crystals exceeding 5 um.12 · Synthesis of Cu3FHHTP2
Cu3FHHTP2 single-crystal deviceresearch_0089__mat__cu3fhhtp2Single Crystal · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkDrop-cast fibre/crystal devices with four-contact Ti/Au geometry.Si/SiO2 chip with lithographed Ti/Au contacts · Device diameters in Table S4: 150, 196, 190, and 101 nm63-65 · Electrical conductivity device statistics · Figures S48-S51; Table S4
Cu3HHTP2 Hall pelletresearch_0089__mat__cu3hhtp2Pellet · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkMOF powder compressed into a circular pellet for AC-field Hall measurement.pre-processed glass substrate with gold electrode8 · Hall effect measurements · Figures S53 and S56
Cu3HHTP2 powder/rod crystalsresearch_0089__mat__cu3hhtp2Powder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkNanorod powder; used for PXRD, SEM, HRTEM, porosity, spectroscopy and as source material for devices.4 · Results and Discussion · Figure S23
Cu3HHTP2 single-crystal deviceresearch_0089__mat__cu3hhtp2Single Crystal · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkFibres suspended in hexane, drop-cast, annealed, patterned by electron-beam lithography and contacted with Ti/Au.Si/SiO2 chip with lithographed Ti/Au contacts · Device diameters in Table S4: 246, 313, 294, and 336 nm8 and 65 · Variable temperature electrical conductivity measurement; Table S4 · Table S4
F2HHTP molecular crystal/modelresearch_0089__mat__f2hhtp_ligandModel · Model System · ModelLigand single-crystal packing and stacked-dimer model.52 · Table S3 · Table S3
FHHTP molecular crystal/modelresearch_0089__mat__fhhtp_ligandModel · Model System · ModelLigand single-crystal packing and stacked-dimer model.51 · Table S2 · Table S2
HHTP molecular crystal/modelresearch_0089__mat__hhtp_ligandModel · Model System · ModelLigand single-crystal packing and stacked-dimer model.3 · Results and Discussion · Figure 3