Electrochemistry Application — Microwave discharge for rapid introduction of bimetallic-synergistic configuration to conductive catecholate toward long-term supercapacitor

6 measurement groups · 24 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

CV kinetic analysis using i = a v^b and surface/diffusion contribution separation

Voltammetry

Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 · Electrode

CV scan-rate analysis from 1 to 200 mV s-1; surface-controlled and diffusion-controlled capacitance components separated.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three-electrode Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 electrode in 3 M KCl
Context: Mechanistic electrochemical analysis of best target sample.
Measurement source: 7 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5g-i

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
b value at 50-200 mV s-1	0.65	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5g
b value at 1-20 mV s-1	0.96	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5g
Surface-controlled capacitance intercept	243.25 mF cm-2	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure S16
Surface capacitance-controlled contribution at 10 mV s-1Marked as a best value within this paper	81.39 %	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5h-i
Surface capacitance-controlled contribution at 1 mV s-1	61.89 %	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5i

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (Nyquist plots)

Impedance spectroscopy

Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 · Electrode

Frequency range reported in experimental section as 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz; discussion of Figure 5f states 0.01 Hz to 1 MHz. Potential amplitude 5 mV.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three-electrode cell in 3 M KCl
Context: EIS comparison across Ni-CAT, Zn,Ni-CAT-T1/T2/T3/T4 and Zn,Ni-CAT-S.
Measurement source: 6 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5f

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 EIS charge transfer/diffusion trendMarked as a best value within this paper	highest low-frequency slope and smallest high-frequency semicircle among tested samples	—	—	Text Qualitative	6 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5f

Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge in three-electrode cell

Voltammetry Galvanostatic cycling

Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 · Electrode

3.0 M KCl aqueous electrolyte; CV from 0 to 0.5 V; scan rate examples include 100 mV s-1; GCD examples include 0.5 and 3 mA cm-2.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three-electrode cell with Zn,Ni-CAT or Ni-CAT working electrode (1 cm x 2 cm), Ag/AgCl reference and Pt foil counter electrode
Context: Target Zn,Ni-CAT pulse series compared with pristine Ni-CAT and solvothermal Zn,Ni-CAT-S.
Measurement source: 2 · 2.7. Electrical measurements · Figure 5a-e

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Ni-CAT capacitance retention at 100 mV s-1	10.26 %	—	—	Text Exact Reported	6 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5e
Zn,Ni-CAT-S capacitance retention at 100 mV s-1	20.74 %	—	—	Text Exact Reported	6 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5e
Zn,Ni-CAT-T1 capacitance retention at 100 mV s-1	20.16 %	—	—	Text Exact Reported	6 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5e
Zn,Ni-CAT-T2 capacitance retention at 100 mV s-1	28.71 %	—	—	Text Exact Reported	6 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5e
Zn,Ni-CAT-T3 capacitance retention at 100 mV s-1	38.04 %	—	—	Text Exact Reported	6 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5e
Best areal specific capacitance of Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 electrodeMarked as a best value within this paper	422.54 mF cm-2	—	—	Text Exact Reported	6 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure S14
Mass specific capacitance of Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 electrodeMarked as a best value within this paper	384.13 F g-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	6 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure S14
Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 capacitance retention at 100 mV s-1Marked as a best value within this paper	40.88 %	—	—	Text Exact Reported	6 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 5e

Continuous GCD cycling stability and post-cycling SEM/EIS/XPS/XRD/FTIR checks

Infrared spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray diffraction and scattering Scanning electron microscopy Impedance spectroscopy Galvanostatic cycling

Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 · Electrode

Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 electrode tested at 3 mA cm-2 for 30000 cycles; separate KOH test at 10 mA cm-2 for 5000 cycles.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three-electrode electrochemical cell
Context: Target Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 stability compared with pristine Ni-CAT SI control and literature.
Measurement source: 8 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 6

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Ni-CAT capacitance retention after 12000 cycles	78.66 % after 12000 cycles	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure S18
Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 coulombic efficiency near 30000 cycles	98.88 %	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	8 · Figure 6 · Figure 6a
Zn,Ni-CAT cycling retention listed in SI comparison tableMarked as a best value within this paper	91.53% after 30,000 cycles at 3 mA cm-2	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · 2. Table S1 to Table S3 · Table S3
Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 retention in 3 M KOH after 5000 GCD cycles	92.7 % after 5000 GCD tests at 10 mA cm-2	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure S21
Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 capacitance retention after 30000 cyclesMarked as a best value within this paper	91.53 % after 30000 cycles at 3 mA cm-2	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 6a

Two-electrode CV, GCD, EIS, rate capability, cycling and bending tests for all-solid-state supercapacitor

Impedance spectroscopy Voltammetry Galvanostatic cycling

Symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor based on Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 · Electrode

Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 used as both electrodes; CV from 1 to 100 mV s-1; GCD at multiple current densities; cycling at 2 mA cm-2 for 10000 cycles.

Temperature: room temperature
Atmosphere: sealed device
Geometry: Symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor with PVA/KCl gel electrolyte/separator
Context: Application device based on optimised target conductive MOF.
Measurement source: 8-9 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 7

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Single SSSD areal capacitance at 100 mV s-1	approximately 95 mF cm-2 at 100 mV s-1	—	visual estimate from plotted point	Visual Estimate Approximate	9 · Figure 7 · Figure 7d
Single SSSD areal capacitance at 1 mV s-1Marked as a best value within this paper	334.548 mF cm-2 at 1 mV s-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 7d
SSSD capacitance retention after 10000 cyclesMarked as a best value within this paper	96.45 % after 10000 charge-discharge cycles at 2 mA cm-2	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 7f
Zn,Ni-CAT SSSD electrode operating potential windows	cathode cycle between 0 and -0.5 V and anodic cycle between 0 and 0.5 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure S22

Series/parallel connection CV/GCD and LED demonstration

Voltammetry Galvanostatic cycling

Symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor based on Zn,Ni-CAT-T4 · Electrode

Three Zn,Ni-CAT-based supercapacitors connected in series or parallel; CV at 10 mV s-1 and GCD at 0.5 mA cm-2; charged to 1.5 V for LED.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three individual SSSD devices connected in series or parallel
Context: Application demonstration.
Measurement source: 9 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 7g-i

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Three SSSD devices in series charged voltage	1.5 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	9 · 3.4. Energy storage performance of Zn,Ni-CAT · Figure 7i