Sensing Application — Construction of nanozyme based with mixed valence manganese oxide loaded on defective metal-organic frameworks for sensitive detection of biomarker procalcitonin

Measurement evidence

Sensing Application

Construction of nanozyme based with mixed valence manganese oxide loaded on defective metal-organic frameworks for sensitive detection of biomarker procalcitonin · Deng S., Hao Y., Yang L. et al. · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · 2025 · 117339

4 measurement groups · 100 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

Bland-Altman statistical analysis for MdPM sensor versus commercial method

MdPM magnetic immunosensor assay complex · Unknown

Statistical comparison of MdPM sensor and commercial method for clinical PCT sample results.

Geometry: statistical comparison of serum assay results
Context: application validation of Ab2-MdP composite nanozyme sensor
Measurement source: 17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
95% CI difference upper boundMarked as a best value within this paper	1.217 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7
95% CI difference lower boundMarked as a best value within this paper	-0.675 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7
95% CI mean difference upper bound	0.550 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7
95% CI mean difference lower bound	-0.007 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7
Coefficient of repeatability	1.055 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7
Effective sample size	14	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7
Mean differenceMarked as a best value within this paper	0.271 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7
Mean Method 1 MdPM sensor	4.396 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7
Mean Method 2 commercial method	4.125 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7
p-value for H0 mean difference = 0Marked as a best value within this paper	0.056	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7
Standard deviation of difference	0.483 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7
t-value for H0 mean difference = 0	2.102	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	17 · Figures and Tables · Table S7

clinical serum PCT comparison by MdPM sensor and hospital fluorescence immunochromatography

MdPM magnetic immunosensor assay complex · Unknown

Fifteen clinical human serum samples measured in triplicate by MdPM sensor and compared with hospital-provided reference values.

Geometry: solution-phase magnetic immunoassay versus commercial fluorescence immunochromatography
Context: application of Ab2-MdP composite nanozyme
Measurement source: 16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Clinical classification agreement for sample 10	MdPM +; hospital +	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 10	1.33 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 10	1.47 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 10	0.889%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 11	MdPM -; hospital -	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 11	0.300 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 11	0.290 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 11	1.42%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 12	MdPM +; hospital +	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 12	0.850 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 12	0.870 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 12	0.456%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 13	MdPM +; hospital +	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 13	1.27 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 13	1.29 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 13	0.889%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 14	MdPM +; hospital +	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 14	7.51 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 14	8.22 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 14	0.335%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 15	MdPM +; hospital +	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 15	6.65 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 15	6.83 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 15	0.761%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 1	MdPM -; hospital -	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 1	<0.1 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM PCT result for sample 1	<0.01 ng mL-1 in all three replicates; average not reported	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 2	MdPM -; hospital -	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 2	0.180 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 2	0.165 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 2	6.3%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 3	MdPM -; hospital -	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 3	0.320 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 3	0.340 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 3	4.36%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 4	MdPM +; hospital +	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 4	0.550 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 4	0.637 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 4	0.335%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 5	MdPM -; hospital -	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 5	0.190 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 5	0.194 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 5	0.335%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 6	MdPM +; hospital +	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 6	2.12 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 6	2.17 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 6	0.439%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 7	MdPM +; hospital +	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 7	7.76 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 7	8.71 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 7	0.706%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 8	MdPM +; hospital +	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 8	27.6 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 8	29.2 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 8	0.828%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Clinical classification agreement for sample 9	MdPM +; hospital +	—	—	SI Table Qualitative	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
Hospital reference PCT for clinical sample 9	1.11 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM average PCT for clinical sample 9	1.16 ng mL-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6
MdPM RSD for clinical sample 9	0.77%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	16 · Figures and Tables · Table S6

magnetic sandwich immunosensor with UV-vis absorbance readout at 650 nm

UV-visible and optical absorption spectroscopy

MdPM magnetic immunosensor assay complex · Unknown

Ab1-MBs added to PCT sample, incubated 20 min, Ab2-MdP added 20 min, TMB 0.500 mM added and shaken 30 min; blue supernatant detected.

Geometry: solution-phase magnetic immunoassay
Context: application of Ab2-MdP composite nanozyme
Measurement source: 3 and 8 · 2.4; 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Fig. 5

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Bland-Altman 95% CI upper bound	1.217	—	95% CI	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Fig. 5F
Bland-Altman 95% CI lower bound	-0.675	—	95% CI	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Fig. 5F
Bland-Altman mean difference	0.271	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Fig. 5F
Clinical sample correlation slope versus hospital method	0.9412	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Fig. 5E; Table S7
PCT detection linear rangeMarked as a best value within this paper	0.05-100 ng mL-1	—	range	Text Range	1 and 8 · Abstract; 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Fig. 5B
PCT detection limitMarked as a best value within this paper	0.011 ng mL-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	1 and 8 · Abstract; 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Fig. 5B
Maximum PCT serum spike RSD	6.37%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Table S5
Minimum PCT serum spike RSD	0.209%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Table S5
PCT calibration regression slope	y = 0.105*x+0.477; R2 = 0.992	—	R2 = 0.992	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Fig. 5B
Maximum PCT serum spike recovery	103%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Table S5
Minimum PCT serum spike recovery	99.7%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	8 · 3.5 Immunosensor performance · Table S5

PCT spiking recovery in human serum by MdPM sensor

MdPM magnetic immunosensor assay complex · Unknown

Healthy human serum spiked with 0.500-50.0 ng mL-1 PCT; three parallel samples per spike level.

Geometry: solution-phase magnetic immunoassay
Context: application of Ab2-MdP composite nanozyme
Measurement source: 15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Measured PCT at 0.5 ng mL-1 spike	0.500 +/- 0.010 ng mL-1	—	+/- 0.01 ng mL-1	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery at 0.5 ng mL-1 spike	100%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery RSD at 0.5 ng mL-1 spike	2.0%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
Measured PCT at 10 ng mL-1 spike	9.97 +/- 0.05 ng mL-1	—	+/- 0.05 ng mL-1	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery at 10 ng mL-1 spikeMarked as a best value within this paper	99.7%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery RSD at 10 ng mL-1 spikeMarked as a best value within this paper	0.209%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
Measured PCT at 1 ng mL-1 spike	1.02 +/- 0.03 ng mL-1	—	+/- 0.03 ng mL-1	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery at 1 ng mL-1 spikeMarked as a best value within this paper	103%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery RSD at 1 ng mL-1 spikeMarked as a best value within this paper	6.37%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
Measured PCT at 2 ng mL-1 spike	2.00 +/- 0.04 ng mL-1	—	+/- 0.04 ng mL-1	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery at 2 ng mL-1 spike	99.8%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery RSD at 2 ng mL-1 spike	1.9%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
Measured PCT at 50 ng mL-1 spike	50.1 +/- 0.2 ng mL-1	—	+/- 0.2 ng mL-1	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery at 50 ng mL-1 spike	100%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery RSD at 50 ng mL-1 spike	0.305%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
Measured PCT at 5 ng mL-1 spike	5.04 +/- 0.12 ng mL-1	—	+/- 0.12 ng mL-1	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery at 5 ng mL-1 spike	101%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5
PCT recovery RSD at 5 ng mL-1 spike	1.5%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	15 · Figures and Tables · Table S5