Electrochemistry Application — Redox-active conductive metal-organic framework with high lithium capacities at low temperatures

11 measurement groups · 55 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

Dunn method CV scan-rate analysis

Voltammetry

SKIER-5/Super P/PVDF electrode · Electrode

CV profiles from 0.1 to 1.0 mV s^-1; log(i) versus log(v); capacitive and diffusion-controlled contribution separation

Temperature: 298
Geometry: CR2032 coin half-cell
Context: composite electrode, 47:50:3 SKIER-5:Super P:PVDF
Measurement source: 21737 · Dunn method analysis · Figure 3

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
capacitive contribution at 0.1 mV s^-1	44.3%	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	21737 · Dunn method analysis · Figure 3c
capacitive contribution at 0.2 mV s^-1	44.7%	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21738 · Dunn method analysis · Figure 3d; Figure S15
capacitive contribution at 0.4 mV s^-1	52.9%	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21738 · Dunn method analysis · Figure 3d; Figure S15
capacitive contribution at 0.6 mV s^-1	55.3%	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21738 · Dunn method analysis · Figure 3d; Figure S15
capacitive contribution at 0.8 mV s^-1	59.8%	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21738 · Dunn method analysis · Figure 3d; Figure S15
capacitive contribution at 1.0 mV s^-1	63.8%	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21738 · Dunn method analysis · Figure 3d; Figure S15
Dunn b-value peak a	0.756	—	—	Text Exact Reported	21737 · Dunn method analysis · Figure 3b
Dunn b-value peak b	0.764	—	—	Text Exact Reported	21737 · Dunn method analysis · Figure 3b

long-term galvanostatic cycling

Galvanostatic cycling

SKIER-5/Super P/PVDF electrode · Electrode

Cycling stability and coulombic efficiency; main Figure 2d caption says 200 mA g^-1

Temperature: 298
Geometry: CR2032 coin half-cell
Context: composite electrode, 47:50:3 SKIER-5:Super P:PVDF
Measurement source: 21736 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
discharge capacity after 1600 cyclesMarked as a best value within this paper	600 mA h g^-1 after 1600 cycles at 200 mA g^-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21736 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2d

temperature-dependent galvanostatic cycling

Galvanostatic cycling

commercial graphite/Super P/PVDF electrode · Electrode

0.2C = 74.4 mA g^-1 for commercial graphite; 25, 10, 0, -10, -20 C and return to 25 C

Temperature: 248-298
Geometry: CR2032 coin half-cell in temperature chamber
Context: commercial graphite composite electrode, active-mass normalised
Measurement source: 21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1; Figure S23

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
commercial graphite discharge capacity at 0 C	156.31 mA h g^-1 active (42.5%)	42.5 percent retention vs 25 C	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1
commercial graphite discharge capacity at 10 C	307.72 mA h g^-1 active (83.7%)	83.7 percent retention vs 25 C	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1
commercial graphite discharge capacity at 25 C	367.77 mA h g^-1 active (100%)	100 percent retention vs 25 C	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1
commercial graphite discharge capacity at -10 C	72.61 mA h g^-1 active (19.7%)	19.7 percent retention vs 25 C	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1
commercial graphite discharge capacity at -20 C	28.58 mA h g^-1 active (7.8%)	7.8 percent retention vs 25 C	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1
commercial graphite discharge capacity after return to 25 C	374.87 mA h g^-1 active (101.9%)	101.9 percent vs initial 25 C	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1

temperature-dependent galvanostatic cycling normalised by total electrode mass

Galvanostatic cycling

commercial graphite/Super P/PVDF high-Super-P electrode · Electrode

Commercial graphite with high content of Super P (50 wt%) at 0.2C = 74.4 mA g^-1

Temperature: 248-298
Geometry: CR2032 coin half-cell
Context: commercial graphite high-Super-P composite electrode
Measurement source: S15 · Figure S24 and Table S4 · Table S4

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
commercial graphite high-Super-P total-electrode-mass capacity at -20 C	66.59 mA h g^-1 (17.8%)	17.8 percent retention vs 25 C	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S15 · Table S4 · Table S4

temperature-dependent galvanostatic cycling normalised by total electrode mass

Galvanostatic cycling

SKIER-5/Super P/PVDF electrode · Electrode

SI comparison against graphite with high Super P; SKIER-5 values evaluated based on total electrode weight

Temperature: 248-298
Geometry: CR2032 coin half-cell
Context: SKIER-5 composite electrode, total-electrode-mass normalised
Measurement source: S15 · Figure S24 and Table S4 · Table S4

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
SKIER-5 total-electrode-mass capacity at -20 C	70.64 mA h g^-1 (36.9%)	36.9 percent retention vs 25 C	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S15 · Table S4 · Table S4

temperature-dependent galvanostatic cycling

Galvanostatic cycling

SKIER-5/Super P/PVDF electrode · Electrode

0.2C = 113 mA g^-1 for SKIER-5; 25, 10, 0, -10, -20 C and return to 25 C; 0.01-3.0 V

Temperature: 248-298
Geometry: CR2032 coin half-cell in temperature chamber
Context: composite electrode, active-mass normalised
Measurement source: 21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Figure 6b,c; Table 1

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
SKIER-5 capacity after 180 cycles at -20 CMarked as a best value within this paper	163 mA h g^-1 after 180 cycles at -20 C and 0.2C	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21741 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Figure 6d
SKIER-5 discharge capacity at 0 C	236.19 mA h g^-1 active (58.0%)	58 percent retention vs 25 C	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1
SKIER-5 discharge capacity at 10 C	289.81 mA h g^-1 active (71.2%)	71.2 percent retention vs 25 C	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1
SKIER-5 discharge capacity at 25 C	407.16 mA h g^-1 active (100%)	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1
SKIER-5 discharge capacity at -10 C	191.38 mA h g^-1 active (47.0%)	47 percent retention vs 25 C	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1
SKIER-5 discharge capacity at -20 CMarked as a best value within this paper	150.30 mA h g^-1 active (36.9%)	36.9 percent retention vs 25 C	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1
SKIER-5 discharge capacity after return to 25 C	508.46 mA h g^-1 active (124.8%)	124.8 percent vs initial 25 C	—	Table Exact Reported	21740 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Table 1

temperature-dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Impedance spectroscopy

SKIER-5/Super P/PVDF electrode · Electrode

100 kHz to 0.01 Hz; 25 to -20 C; equivalent circuit Rb, Rct and Warburg element; Li diffusion coefficients calculated

Temperature: 248-298
Geometry: CR2032 coin half-cell
Context: composite electrode
Measurement source: 21741 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Figure 6e-g; Table 2

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
diffusion activation energyMarked as a best value within this paper	approximately 0.23 eV	—	approximately	Text Approximate	21741 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Figure 6g
Li diffusion coefficient at 0 C	3.668 x 10^-13 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21741 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient at 10 C	9.666 x 10^-13 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21741 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient at 25 C	2.057 x 10^-13 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21741 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient at -10 C	6.228 x 10^-14 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21741 · Table 2 · Table 2
Li diffusion coefficient at -20 C	7.913 x 10^-15 cm2 s^-1	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21741 · Table 2 · Table 2
Rb at 25 C	3.75 ohm	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21741 · Table 2 · Table 2
Rct at 0 C	883.71 ohm	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21741 · Table 2 · Table 2
Rct at 10 C	364.2 ohm	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21741 · Table 2 · Table 2
Rct at 25 C	96.85 ohm	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21741 · Table 2 · Table 2
Rct at -10 C	2577.3 ohm	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21741 · Table 2 · Table 2
Rct at -20 C	6254.45 ohm	—	—	Table Exact Reported	21741 · Table 2 · Table 2
Warburg sigma at 25 C	269.53	—	—	Text Exact Reported	21741 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Figure 6f
Warburg sigma at -20 C	1374.46	—	—	Text Exact Reported	21741 · Low-temperature electrochemical performance of SKIER-5 · Figure 6f

rate capability galvanostatic cycling

Galvanostatic cycling

SKIER-5/Super P/PVDF electrode · Electrode

5th-cycle discharge capacities at 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10C; current returned to 0.2C after 70 cycles

Temperature: 298
Geometry: CR2032 coin half-cell
Context: composite electrode, 47:50:3 SKIER-5:Super P:PVDF
Measurement source: 21736 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2c

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
5th-cycle discharge capacity at 0.2C	443 mA h g^-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21736 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2c
5th-cycle discharge capacity at 0.5C	394 mA h g^-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21736 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2c
5th-cycle discharge capacity at 10C	274 and 256 mA h g^-1 are both listed after 5C/10C sequence; 256 mA h g^-1 assigned to 10C	—	—	Text Uncertain	21736 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2c
5th-cycle discharge capacity at 1C	358 mA h g^-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21736 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2c
5th-cycle discharge capacity at 2C	329 mA h g^-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21736 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2c
5th-cycle discharge capacity at 5C	303 mA h g^-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21736 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2c
capacity recovery after return to 0.2C	394 mA h g^-1 with 98% coulombic efficiency	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21736 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2c

cyclic voltammetry in CR2032 Li half-cell

Voltammetry

SKIER-5/Super P/PVDF electrode · Electrode

1.0 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC 1:1; Li foil counter/reference; 0.01-3.0 V vs Li/Li+; 0.1 mV s^-1

Temperature: 298
Atmosphere: Ar-filled glove box for cell assembly
Geometry: CR2032 coin half-cell
Context: composite electrode, 47:50:3 SKIER-5:Super P:PVDF
Measurement source: 21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2a

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
anodic delithiation peak 1	0.96 V vs Li/Li+	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2a
anodic delithiation peak 2	1.3 V vs Li/Li+	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2a
anodic delithiation peak 3	2.4 V vs Li/Li+	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2a
initial cathodic Li insertion peak 1	1.15 V vs Li/Li+	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2a
initial cathodic Li insertion peak 2	1.4 V vs Li/Li+	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2a
initial cathodic SEI peak	0.74 V vs Li/Li+	—	approximately	Text Approximate	21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2a

staircase potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Impedance spectroscopy

SKIER-5/Super P/PVDF electrode · Electrode

SPEIS during first discharge, first charge, second discharge, and later cycles; Nyquist plots

Temperature: 298
Geometry: CR2032 coin half-cell
Context: composite electrode, 47:50:3 SKIER-5:Super P:PVDF
Measurement source: 21736 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2e-h; Figure S14

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source

galvanostatic discharge-charge

Galvanostatic cycling

SKIER-5/Super P/PVDF electrode · Electrode

Selected cycles at 113 mA g^-1 (0.2C), 0.01-3.0 V vs Li/Li+

Temperature: 298
Geometry: CR2032 coin half-cell
Context: composite electrode, 47:50:3 SKIER-5:Super P:PVDF
Measurement source: 21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2b

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
initial charge capacity	478 mA h g^-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2b
initial coulombic efficiency	about 67%	—	about	Text Approximate	21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2b
initial discharge capacity	713 mA h g^-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2b
initial irreversible capacity	235 mA h g^-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	21735 · Electrochemical properties of SKIER-5 · Figure 2b