Review · secondary evidenceFeature

Conductive two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks as multifunctional materials

Michael Ko, Lukasz Mendecki and Katherine A. Mirica · ChemComm · 2018

This dossier represents secondary evidence: section summaries, claims and benchmarks are paraphrased for this database, not quoted. Check quantitative values against the linked primary study, and cite the review itself (10.1039/c8cc02871k) for its arguments.

9review sections
5material families
20review claims
20secondary benchmarks
37cited studies
9research gaps

Review scope

Summarise fundamental and applied progress in layered conductive MOFs, especially synthetic modularity, electrical transport, device integration, and multifunctional applications.

Coverage
2004–2018
Category
Core Transport Physics
Material scope
Layered conductive two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks · Extended pi-conjugated triphenylene, benzene, benzoquinone, phthalocyanine, HAB and HIB frameworks · Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Pd and related transition-metal nodes
Transport scope
Hopping, through-space, through-bond and band transport · Carrier generation and mobility design principles · Effects of stacking, defects, morphology and device interfaces
Application scope
Chemical and ion sensing · Field-effect electronics · Electrocatalytic HER, ORR and OER · Supercapacitors and electrochemical capture/release
Explicit exclusions
Exhaustive primary recipes for individual MOF syntheses · Non-conductive MOFs except as background for growth and integration methods · Comprehensive bibliography of all cited 2D materials
Source
7873 · Abstract
Evidence role
Context, taxonomy and secondary benchmarking

Section map

The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.

Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs

7874-7876

Reviews how conductivity can be engineered through carrier concentration and mobility, and classifies transport as hopping, through-space, through-bond and band transport.

Relevance: Core · 7875 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs · Fig. 2

Methods of integration of 2D MOFs into electronic devices

7877-7880

Classifies integration routes as stepwise or direct, covering drop-casting, mechanical compression/abrasion, templated growth and liquid-phase epitaxy.

Relevance: Core · 7877 · Methods of integration of 2D MOFs into electronic devices · Fig. 5

MOF-based electronics

7882-7883

Discusses FET demonstrations and charge-carrier studies, highlighting porosity as a distinguishing feature for analyte-accessible electronics.

Relevance: Supporting · 7882 · MOF-based electronics · Fig. 8

Energy conversion: H2/O2 evolution

7883-7885

Reviews 2D conductive MOFs as HER, ORR and OER electrocatalysts, while emphasising stability, delamination and mechanistic gaps.

Relevance: Supporting · 7883 · Energy conversion: H2/O2 evolution · Fig. 9

Introduction: MOFs as a modular class of 2D nanomaterials

7873-7874

Frames 2D MOFs against graphene and other 2D materials, emphasising layered structure, high surface area, porosity and bottom-up modularity.

Relevance: Core · 7874 · MOFs as a modular class of 2D nanomaterials · Fig. 1

Scope of the review

7874

Defines the review as covering layered conductive MOFs, electrical properties, integration into devices and applications in sensing, electrocatalysis, energy storage and transducers.

Relevance: Core · 7874 · Scope of the review

Electrically-transduced chemical sensing

7880-7882

Synthesises review-level evidence that 2D conductive MOFs support chemiresistive and potentiometric sensing through porosity, modular surface chemistry and electronic transduction.

Relevance: Core · 7880 · Electrically-transduced chemical sensing · Fig. 6; Fig. 7

Energy storage, electrochemical capture and conclusions

7885-7888

Covers supercapacitor mechanisms, electrochemical ethylene capture/release and the review's final gap analysis for synthesis, structure-property knowledge and device interfaces.

Relevance: Core · 7888 · Conclusions and outlook · Fig. 10; Fig. 11

Structural features and preparation strategies of 2D conductive MOFs

7876-7877

Connects metal nodes, ligand symmetry, heteroatoms, pore topology and stacking modes to conductive MOF structure and properties.

Relevance: Core · 7876 · Structural features and preparation strategies of 2D conductive MOFs · Fig. 3; Fig. 4

Taxonomies

Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.

Direction Of Assembly

2D material preparation routes

The review places 2D MOFs within a broader 2D-material synthesis taxonomy, distinguishing atomic/molecular assembly from exfoliation, etching or intercalation routes.

Categories: Bottom-up assembly · Top-down exfoliation or separation

7874 · MOFs as a modular class of 2D nanomaterials

Functional UseAuthor-proposed

Application classes for 2D conductive MOFs

The review treats multifunctionality as arising from combining conductivity with porosity, catalytically active sites and modular host-guest chemistry.

Categories: Chemical sensing · Field-effect transistors · Energy conversion · Energy storage · Catalysis · Electrochemical capture/release

7877 · Structural features and preparation strategies of 2D conductive MOFs · Table 1

Design Lever For Conductivity

Carrier concentration and mobility engineering

Conductivity is framed as a joint problem of generating carriers and preserving mobility by reducing structural and interfacial disorder.

Categories: Thermal or photo-excitation · Doping · Hole or electron injection · Lower defect density · Fewer charge traps · Fewer grain boundaries

7874 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs

How The MOF Is Put Into A DeviceAuthor-proposed

Device integration methods

The review separates broad but less controlled stepwise methods from direct growth and layer-by-layer approaches with better orientation/thickness control.

Categories: Drop-casting · Mechanical compression/abrasion · Templated bottom-up self-assembly · Liquid-phase epitaxy/layer-by-layer growth

7879 · Methods of integration of 2D MOFs into electronic devices · Fig. 5

Organic Ligand FamilyAuthor-proposed

Core ligand building blocks and pore topology

Figure 3 links ligand cores to non-planar, non-porous/hexagonal, hexagonal-pore and square-pore MOF topologies.

Categories: Benzoquinone · Benzene · Triphenylene · Phthalocyanine

7876 · Structural features and preparation strategies of 2D conductive MOFs · Fig. 3

Layer Stacking And Heteroatom/Metal ControlAuthor-proposed

Triphenylene-derived stacking modes

The review uses triphenylene ligands to show that heteroatom identity and metal salt jointly control stack registry and pore architecture.

Categories: Slipped parallel · Eclipsed · Staggered · Interpolated layer · AAAA pattern · ABAB pattern

7877 · Structural features and preparation strategies of 2D conductive MOFs · Fig. 4

Electronic Transport Mechanism

Charge transport modes in conductive MOFs

The review maps conductive MOF behaviour onto established organic and inorganic semiconductor transport concepts and uses Fig. 2 to illustrate three local transport modes.

Categories: Hopping · Through-space · Through-bond · Band transport

7875 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs · Fig. 2

Material families

Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.

Bis(dithiolene)-linked HTTP/BHT frameworks

Layered Or Sheet-Like Conductive Coordination Frameworks; Some Examples Described As PCPs With MOF-Like Features.

Sulphur-rich triphenylene or benzenehexathiolate coordination polymers/MOFs incorporating metal bis(dithiolene)-like motifs.

Conduction: Conduction is discussed with redox-active sulphur ligands, metal-centred redox and strong delocalisation; used heavily in HER and electrochemical capture examples.

Representative materials: Co3HTTP2 · Ni3HTTP2 · Cu3HTTP2 · CoBHT · NiBHT · FeBHT · Cu-BHT

Nodes / linkers: Co · Ni · Cu · Fe · HTTP · BHT · THT

7887 · Electrochemically-controlled capture and release · Fig. 11; Table 1

HAB/HIB conductive frameworks

Ultrathin Films, Pellets And Free-Standing Electrodes Of 2D Conductive Coordination Frameworks.

Hexaaminobenzene or hexaiminobenzene-derived M3HAB2 and M3HIB2 frameworks used for high conductivity, FETs and pseudocapacitive storage.

Conduction: The review highlights gate-dependent conductance, high pellet conductivity and pseudocapacitive redox behaviour depending on material and device form.

Representative materials: Ni3HAB2 · Cu3HAB2 · Ni3HIB2 · Cu3HIB2 · M-HIB

Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · Co · HAB · HIB

7883 · MOF-based electronics · Fig. 8; Table 1

Nickel phthalocyanine-based 2D MOFs

2D Conductive Films With Square Pore Shapes.

Square-pore phthalocyanine-linked MOFs, represented in the review by Ni-Pc MOF films.

Conduction: Review reports approximate room-temperature conductivity and OER performance for directly grown Ni-Pc films.

Representative materials: NiPc-MOF · Ni-Pc MOF

Nodes / linkers: Ni · Phthalocyanine

7876 · Structural features and preparation strategies of 2D conductive MOFs · Fig. 3

Guest-doped conductive MOFs

3D MOF Host Used As Background For Conductivity Design, Not A Core 2D Layered Family.

Originally insulating or weakly conducting MOFs made conductive by post-synthetic incorporation of redox-active guests such as TCNQ.

Conduction: Conductivity enhancement is attributed to host-guest charge-transfer bridges but carries porosity, stability and phase-separation caveats.

Representative materials: TCNQ@Cu3(BTC)2

Nodes / linkers: Cu · BTC · TCNQ guest

7875 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs

Triphenylene HHTP/HITP 2D MOFs

Layered 2D Conductive MOF Sheets With Pi-Stacked Conjugated Networks.

Extended triphenylene-based frameworks built from oxygen or imine/nitrogen-substituted hexatopic ligands coordinated to transition-metal nodes.

Conduction: Review attributes high conductivity to pi-stacked, extended pi-conjugated networks and metal-linker orbital coupling, while noting defects and interfaces can limit experiment.

Representative materials: Cu3HHTP2 · Ni3HHTP2 · Cu3HITP2 · Ni3HITP2 · Co3HHTP2

Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ni · Co · HHTP · HITP

7876 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs · Fig. 4; Table 1

Synthesis strategies

Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.

Drop-casting onto device substrates

Pre-synthesised MOF powder is dispersed and deposited on a device substrate as a film or coating.

Claimed effects: Rapid, broadly applicable route for proof-of-concept chemiresistors, potentiometric electrodes and electrochemical capture devices.

Controlling variables: Dispersant · Sonication · Suspension stability · Substrate adhesion · Film homogeneity

Representative materials: Cu3HITP2 · Cu3HHTP2 · M3HTTP2

Caveat: Can introduce aggregation, structural defects, non-uniform thickness and weak mechanical stability.

7878 · Drop-casting · Fig. 5A

Post-synthetic guest doping

External redox-active guests are introduced into a MOF to bridge building blocks and promote host-guest charge transfer.

Claimed effects: Can enhance conductivity in otherwise insulating MOFs and served as an early conductivity route.

Controlling variables: Guest molecule identity · Host pore accessibility · Guest loading · Thermal and phase stability

Representative materials: TCNQ-doped Cu3(BTC)2

Caveat: May reduce surface area, porosity and pore volume, and can phase-separate or undermine monolayer control.

7875 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs

Intrinsic conductive building-block design

Use planar, conjugated and redox-active linkers with metal nodes that support orbital overlap and charge delocalisation.

Claimed effects: Enables intrinsically conductive, molecularly homogeneous MOFs that avoid the penalties of pore-filling dopants.

Controlling variables: Planarity · Pi conjugation · Metal d orbital coupling · Redox-active linker states · Interlayer spacing

Representative materials: Ni3HITP2 · Cu3HITP2 · Cu3HHTP2

Caveat: Specific charge-transport mechanisms in 2D porous MOF networks remain incompletely understood.

7875 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs

Liquid-phase epitaxy/layer-by-layer growth

Sequential or epitaxial deposition forms stable, homogeneous MOF layers with controlled thickness and orientation on functionalised substrates.

Claimed effects: Most precise integration route in this review for controlling thickness, orientation and structure-property investigations.

Controlling variables: Surface functional groups · Sequential exposure cycles · Substrate crystal orientation · Automation · Surface-coordination chemistry

Representative materials: Cu3HHTP2

Caveat: Requires substrate- and MOF-specific tailoring; sequential deposition can be lengthy and repetitive.

7880 · Liquid-phase epitaxy/layer-by-layer growth · Fig. 5D

Mechanical compression and abrasion

MOF powders are compressed into a pellet or pencil-like form and probed directly or abraded onto substrates.

Claimed effects: Solvent-free and compatible with rapid prototyping where solution processing is unsuitable.

Controlling variables: Compression force · Pellet integrity · Solvent avoidance · Device geometry · Porosity retention

Representative materials: Cu3HHTP2 · Cu3HITP2 · Ni3HITP2 · MOF/graphite blends

Caveat: High mechanical force may induce defects, diminish crystallinity and porosity, and reduce device performance.

7879 · Mechanical compression and abrasion · Fig. 5B

Solvothermal metal-linker assembly

Conventional MOF synthesis by combining metal salts and organic linkers in solvent and heating to self-assemble layered frameworks.

Claimed effects: Provides broad access to structurally diverse 2D conductive MOFs, but morphology/orientation control remains limited for many bulk materials.

Controlling variables: Metal salt identity · Organic linker symmetry · Crosslinking heteroatom · Solvent and heating conditions

Representative materials: Cu3HHTP2 · Ni3HITP2 · Co3HHTP2

Caveat: Review stresses that knowledge is still dominated by powders or thin films with limited control over crystallite orientation.

7876 · Structural features and preparation strategies of 2D conductive MOFs

Templated bottom-up self-assembly

MOFs are grown directly on targeted substrates to integrate material formation and device fabrication.

Claimed effects: Can generate conformal, high-porosity device coatings and reduce post-synthetic processing.

Controlling variables: MOF nucleation sites · Substrate compatibility · Adhesion in solution · Synthesis temperature · Solvent compatibility

Representative materials: Ni3HHTP2 · Ni3HITP2 · M3HHTP2

Caveat: Best suited to MOF/substrate combinations that tolerate synthesis conditions and provide good adhesion.

7879 · Templated bottom-up self-assembly · Fig. 5C

Review claims

These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.

Consensus SummaryHigh supportTransport Mechanism

The review reduces conductive-MOF design to increasing charge-carrier concentration while preserving mobility through low defect, trap and grain-boundary density.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: The principle is general solid-state transport reasoning applied to MOFs.

7874 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs

Author InterpretationMedium supportStructure Property Link

Perpendicular grain boundaries, strike-slip faults and layer-layer displacements are highlighted as likely transport barriers in real 2D MOF samples.

Evidence basis: single_reference

Caveat: The defect explanation is plausible but requires material-specific experimental verification.

7876 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs

Author InterpretationHigh supportCaveat

Drop-casting is useful for rapid proof-of-concept devices but limits precise structure-property analysis because films can be non-uniform and weakly adhered.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: Strategic process development can partly mitigate these issues.

7878 · Drop-casting

Author InterpretationMedium supportApplication Relevance

For electrocatalysis, the review identifies structural tunability, permanent porosity, conductivity, possible hydrolytic stability and guest loading as advantages of 2D conductive MOFs.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: The same section later emphasises stability and deposition limitations.

7883 · Energy conversion: H2/O2 evolution

Consensus SummaryHigh supportCaveat

MOF electrocatalysts face major aqueous stability and device-contact challenges under strongly reductive or oxidising potentials.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: This is central for Chapter 1 caveats on translating conductivity into electrochemical operation.

7885 · Energy conversion: H2/O2 evolution

Author InterpretationMedium supportApplication Relevance

The review uses electrochemical ethylene capture/release to illustrate how conductive MOFs can bridge homogeneous redox chemistry and heterogeneous porous materials.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: The review notes the ethylene-binding mechanism still requires detailed computational and experimental investigation.

7887 · Electrochemically-controlled capture and release · Fig. 11

Author InterpretationHigh supportApplication Relevance

The review frames 2D conductive MOFs as promising supercapacitor electrodes because conductivity, surface area and modular redox sites can support EDLC and pseudocapacitive charge storage.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: Device fabrication can delaminate films or collapse porosity when compressed.

7886 · Energy storage · Fig. 10

Author InterpretationMedium supportApplication Relevance

Porosity distinguishes 2D MOF FETs from many other 2D materials by potentially extending analyte-accessible electronics that require high surface area and penetrability.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: Structural fidelity, fabrication and epitaxial orientation remain limiting factors.

7883 · MOF-based electronics · Fig. 8

Author InterpretationHigh supportSynthesis Strategy

Robust device integration is presented as a critical step for accessing and optimising electronic properties, not merely a post-processing detail.

Evidence basis: review_reasoning

Caveat: Claims compare strategies conceptually rather than through a single controlled meta-analysis.

7877 · Methods of integration of 2D MOFs into electronic devices · Fig. 5

Author InterpretationHigh supportCaveat

Guest-doping routes can introduce conductivity but are less attractive for precise 2D MOF structure-property work because guests can occlude pores, reduce porosity and phase-separate.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: Doping remains historically important and can be effective in selected host systems.

7875 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs

Author InterpretationHigh supportSynthesis Strategy

Layer-by-layer liquid-phase epitaxy is treated as the most precise available device-integration route for controlling 2D MOF orientation, morphology and thickness.

Evidence basis: single_reference

Caveat: The method needs substrate-specific tailoring and may require automation.

7880 · Liquid-phase epitaxy/layer-by-layer growth

Consensus SummaryHigh supportStructure Property Link

Ligand substitution, heteroatom identity and metal choice can strongly alter stacking mode, pore diameter and structural defects in layered conductive MOFs.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: Most examples remain inferred from powders, films or limited single-crystal cases.

7876 · Structural features and preparation strategies of 2D conductive MOFs · Fig. 4

Author InterpretationHigh supportDefinition Scope

2D MOFs are framed as a distinct class of functional 2D materials because bottom-up metal-linker self-assembly combines structural modularity, permanent porosity and electronic functionality.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: This is a review-level synthesis, not a single primary benchmark.

7874 · MOFs as a modular class of 2D nanomaterials

Author InterpretationHigh supportConsensus

The review's outlook makes predictive structure-property design the overarching goal, requiring controlled synthesis, single-crystal characterisation, mechanistic understanding and better device interfaces.

Evidence basis: review_reasoning

Caveat: This is a secondary synthesis of multiple limitations rather than a benchmark.

7888 · Conclusions and outlook

Consensus SummaryHigh supportStructure Property Link

Planar, extended 2D pi-conjugated and graphene-like MOFs are identified as among the most conductive known frameworks because in-plane transport is favoured by conjugation and pi-d orbital coupling.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: High framework conductivity does not remove sensitivity to defects, interfaces and morphology.

7875 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs

Consensus SummaryHigh supportMeasurement Interpretation

The review states that host-guest interactions in 2D MOF sensors remain poorly characterised, so rational sensor design still lacks conclusive mechanistic evidence.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: Several hypotheses exist, including charge transfer and hydrogen bonding.

7882 · Electrically-transduced chemical sensing

DescriptiveMedium supportApplication Relevance

Chemiresistive selectivity can depend strongly on the metal node, as Cu3HITP2 responds to ammonia while isostructural Ni3HITP2 did not in the reviewed example.

Evidence basis: single_reference

Caveat: Mechanistic interpretation requires primary paper verification and broader analyte controls.

7880 · Electrically-transduced chemical sensing

Author InterpretationHigh supportCaveat

The review cautions that precise structural and single-crystal conductivity information is scarce for 2D conductive MOFs.

Evidence basis: single_reference

Caveat: As of this 2018 review, the authors state only one single-crystal structure had been reported.

7877 · Structural features and preparation strategies of 2D conductive MOFs

ContestedMedium supportControversy

Ni3HITP2 illustrates a theory-experiment tension: experiments suggest semiconducting behaviour while calculations can predict metallic behaviour depending on bulk or sheet model assumptions.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: The review attributes disagreement partly to transport barriers absent from idealised models.

7876 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs

Consensus SummaryHigh supportTransport Mechanism

Although hopping, through-space, through-bond and band descriptions are available, the specific mechanism in 2D porous MOF networks remains unresolved in many cases.

Evidence basis: multi_reference

Caveat: Different materials and device forms may sit in different transport regimes.

7875 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs · Fig. 2

Secondary benchmarks

Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.

MaterialPropertyReported valueContext and qualityPrimary evidenceReview source
SecondaryCoBHTHER overpotential0.19 VH2SO4, pH = 1.3, Table 1.
Table · Exact Reported
No verified corpus mapping7878 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryCu-BHTFET mobility116 cm2 V-1 s-1Field-effect transistor benchmark reported in Table 1.
Table · Exact Reported
research_00067878 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryCu3HHTP2NH3 chemiresistor limit of detection0.5 ppmLayer-by-layer liquid-phase epitaxial thin films; ammonia range 1-100 ppm.
Table · Exact Reported
research_01157878 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryCu3HHTP2Gravimetric capacitance120 F g-1MOF nanowire capacitor, current density 0.5 A g-1; direct bottom-up integration on carbon nanowires.
Text · Exact Reported
research_00267887 · Energy storage · Table 1
SecondaryCu3HITP2NH3 chemiresistor limit of detection0.5 ppmRoom-temperature chemiresistive sensing; applied potential 100 mV; range 0.5-10 ppm.
Text · Exact Reported
research_00027880 · Electrically-transduced chemical sensing · Table 1
SecondaryNi3HIB2 and Cu3HIB2Pellet conductivity>800 S cm-1Pressed pellets measured by van der Pauw method under vacuum.
Text · Approximate
No verified corpus mapping7883 · MOF-based electronics · Fig. 8C
SecondaryM3HHTP2 MOF transducerK+ potentiometric limit of detection6.31 +/- 0.01 x 10^-7 MMOF-coated glassy carbon electrode with ion-selective membrane; M = Cu, Ni, Co.
Text · Exact Reported
research_08427882 · Electrically-transduced chemical sensing · Fig. 7B
SecondaryM3HHTP2 MOF transducerNO3- potentiometric limit of detection5.01 +/- 0.01 x 10^-7 MMOF-coated glassy carbon electrode with ion-selective membrane; M = Cu, Ni, Co.
Text · Exact Reported
research_08427882 · Electrically-transduced chemical sensing · Fig. 7B
SecondaryM3HHTP2/graphite blendsH2S array limit of detection35 ppmDrawn chemiresistive arrays based on Fe, Co, Cu and Ni MOF/graphite blends; 5-80 ppm study range.
Table · Exact Reported
research_00797878 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryNi-HABGravimetric capacitance420 F g-1Free-standing electrode with binder and conductive additive; redox pseudocapacitance dominant.
Text · Exact Reported
No verified corpus mapping7887 · Energy storage · Fig. 10B; Table 1
SecondaryNiHABVolumetric capacitance760 F cm-3Compressed NiHAB pellet, 50 micrometre thick; 90% retention over 12000 cycles reported.
Text · Exact Reported
No verified corpus mapping7887 · Energy storage · Table 1
SecondaryNi3HITP2FET charge mobility48.6 cm2 V-1 s-1Porous FET, room temperature, p-type behaviour.
Text · Exact Reported
research_00157883 · MOF-based electronics · Fig. 8A; Table 1
SecondaryNi3HITP2ORR overpotential0.18 V0.10 M KOH, pH = 13.0, relative to Pt electrode; thin films directly grown on GCE.
Text · Exact Reported
research_00037884 · Energy conversion: H2/O2 evolution · Fig. 9B; Table 1
SecondaryNi3HITP2Gravimetric capacitance111 F g-1EDLC from compressed MOF powder pellet; discharge rate 0.05 A g-1; 10000-cycle retention reported.
Text · Exact Reported
No verified corpus mapping7886 · Energy storage · Fig. 10A; Table 1
SecondaryNi3HTTP2Electrochemical ethylene capture218.2 mmol g-1Voltage-actuated M3HTTP2 PCP capture/release device; Table 1 value.
Table · Exact Reported
No verified corpus mapping7878 · Table 1 · Table 1
SecondaryNi3HTTP2HER overpotential0.33 V0.5 M H2SO4, 10 mA cm-2.
Text · Exact Reported
No verified corpus mapping7884 · Energy conversion: H2/O2 evolution
SecondaryNiATHER overpotential0.37 V at 10 mA cm-2pH = 1.3; Nafion-covered drop-cast GCE; onset 0.15 V also reported.
Text · Exact Reported
No verified corpus mapping7884 · Energy conversion: H2/O2 evolution
SecondaryNi-Pc MOFOER overpotential0.25 V1.0 M KOH; directly integrated onto FTO electrodes; 100-200 nm films.
Text · Approximate
No verified corpus mapping7885 · Energy conversion: H2/O2 evolution · Fig. 9C
SecondaryNi3HHTP2/Ni3HITP2 SOFT textilesH2S sensing limit of detection0.23 ppmSelf-organized frameworks on textiles; simultaneous detection, capture and filtering.
Text · Exact Reported
No verified corpus mapping7881 · Electrically-transduced chemical sensing · Fig. 7A
SecondaryNi3HHTP2/Ni3HITP2 SOFT textilesNO sensing limit of detection0.16 ppmSelf-organized frameworks on textiles; humidity 18% RH reported as largely non-disruptive.
Text · Exact Reported
No verified corpus mapping7881 · Electrically-transduced chemical sensing · Fig. 7A

Research gaps

Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.

Electrocatalyst stability and contact

High

MOF decomposition, hydrolysis and delamination under electrochemical operation remain major obstacles.

Proposed direction: Develop robust deposition methods and more stable metal-ligand structures; pair experiments with mechanistic modelling.

7885 · Energy conversion: H2/O2 evolution

Stable electrochemical device architectures

Medium

Capacitor implementation is limited by delamination, porosity collapse during compression, binders that diminish charge transport, and electrolyte corrosion.

Proposed direction: Use more robust integration approaches such as ink-jet printing, 3D printing and bond-strength engineering.

7887 · Energy storage

Top-down ultrathin conductive MOF layers

Medium

Top-down exfoliation has not yet been demonstrated for controlled preparation of conductive 2D MOF nanolayers.

Proposed direction: Advance exfoliation strategies to obtain ultra-thin conductive MOF nanomaterials with enhanced surface-to-volume ratio.

7879 · Drop-casting

MOF FET structural fidelity

Medium

FET applications require better structural fidelity, fabrication control and epitaxial orientation.

Proposed direction: Develop controlled film growth and transfer processes that preserve orientation and accessible porosity.

7883 · MOF-based electronics

Morphology and orientation control

High

Crystallite morphology and epitaxial orientation remain poorly controlled except in layer-by-layer strategies.

Proposed direction: Develop synthesis and integration methods that control distribution, thickness and orientation in device-relevant films.

7877 · Structural features and preparation strategies of 2D conductive MOFs

Predictive structure-property relationships

High

The ultimate goal is predictable and targeted structure-property design for conductive 2D MOFs.

Proposed direction: Combine controlled synthesis, single-crystal characterisation, computational modelling and surface spectroscopy.

7888 · Conclusions and outlook

Host-guest sensing mechanisms

High

Host-guest interactions between 2D conductive MOFs and analytes are not well characterised.

Proposed direction: Combine mechanistic spectroscopy, controlled analyte studies and computation to support rational molecular design for sensors.

7882 · Electrically-transduced chemical sensing

Single-crystal structure and conductivity

High

Single-crystal layered 2D MOFs and single-crystal conductivity measurements remain rare.

Proposed direction: Improve growth and characterisation of single crystals to anchor structure-property relationships.

7877 · Structural features and preparation strategies of 2D conductive MOFs

Charge-transport mechanism

High

Specific charge-transport mechanisms in 2D porous MOF networks are not yet well understood.

Proposed direction: Use semiconductor and 3D MOF design principles as hypotheses, then resolve mechanisms with targeted electrical, spectroscopic and computational studies.

7875 · Principles of electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs

Cited-study map

Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.

Show 37 cited-study records
ReferenceStudyRole and contextCorpus mapping
Ref. 582017Title unavailableconductive_mof_review · device_integration_contextReview-level citation used by Ko et al. for structural features, design principles and device integration context.Unmapped
Ref. 632015Title unavailableHER_benchmark · electrocatalysisCited for cobalt dithiolene MOFs grown on HOPG as HER catalysts and for integration/stability caveats.Unmapped
Ref. 652017Title unavailablesupercapacitor_benchmark · transport_benchmarkPrimary study cited for the first MOF-only supercapacitor example based on Ni3HITP2 EDLC behaviour.Unmapped
Ref. 672015Title unavailablechemiresistor_benchmark · sensingCited for the first electronically transduced 2D layered MOF chemiresistor and Cu3HITP2 ammonia response.research_0002
Ref. 682016Title unavailabledirect_growth · chemiresistor_benchmarkCited for direct assembly of conductive M3HHTP2 MOFs into graphitic-electrode device chips for gas sensing.Unmapped
Ref. 692014Title unavailableguest_doping · conductivity_benchmarkCited for TCNQ-induced conductivity increase in Cu3(BTC)2 as an early guest-doping route to conductive MOFs.research_0088
Ref. 702016Title unavailableconductive_mof_design · transport_mechanismUsed across the review for conductivity-design concepts, transport modes and HITP stacking context.Unmapped
Ref. 712012Theory of Charge Transport in Carbon Electronic Materialscharge_transport_backgroundGeneral charge-transport background source cited for carrier concentration and hopping transport context.Unmapped
Ref. 922012Title unavailabletransport_mechanism · design_principlesCited for approaches applying semiconductor transport principles to MOF-based materials.Unmapped
Ref. 1222014Title unavailableNi3HITP2_structure · transport_interpretationCited for early Ni3HITP2 work, semiconducting behaviour and stacking-model analysis.Unmapped
Ref. 1232012Title unavailablesingle_crystal_structure · stackingCited for the single-crystal structural example and ABAB stacking of a Co3HHTP2 MOF.Unmapped
Ref. 1242017Title unavailableconductivity_benchmark · electronic_structureCited for high pressed-pellet conductivities and anisotropic metallic/semiconducting electronic properties.Unmapped
Ref. 1252017Title unavailabletemperature_dependent_transportCited for temperature-dependent conductance and complex scattering mechanisms in Co3HTTP2.Unmapped
Ref. 1302017Title unavailablechemiresistor_benchmark · mechanical_abrasionCited for rapid prototyping of MOF/graphite chemiresistive sensing arrays for NH3, H2S and NO.research_0079
Ref. 1312017Title unavailabletextile_sensor · sensing_benchmarkCited for conductive MOF textiles that detect, capture and filter NO and H2S.Unmapped
Ref. 1332018Title unavailabledefect_transport · theory_experimentCited for transport barriers, band-structure modulation and defects in 2D conductive MOFs.Unmapped
Ref. 1342015Title unavailablecomputational_transportCited for calculations predicting metallic conductivity in multilayered materials and differing Ni/Cu sheet behaviour.Unmapped
Ref. 1352017Title unavailablesolvothermal_synthesis_backgroundCited as general background for solvothermal MOF production.Unmapped
Ref. 1392015Title unavailableHER_benchmark · thin_filmCited for Langmuir-Blodgett Ni3HTTP2 single-layer sheets as HER electrocatalysts.Unmapped
Ref. 1402014Title unavailablestacking · triphenylene_httpCited for changed stacking modes when triphenylene heteroatom/metal combinations vary.Unmapped
Ref. 1412018Title unavailableOER_benchmark · phthalocyanine_mofCited for directly grown nickel phthalocyanine MOF films as OER catalysts.Unmapped
Ref. 1432017Title unavailablelayer_by_layer · chemiresistor_benchmarkCited for layer-by-layer liquid-phase epitaxial Cu3HHTP2 films and ammonia sensing.research_0115
Ref. 1442015Title unavailablecross_reactive_sensor · mechanical_abrasionCited for cross-reactive MOF chemiresistor arrays and VOC differentiation.research_0145
Ref. 145201810.1021/acsami.8b0395610.1021/acsami.8b03956potentiometric_sensor · ion_to_electron_transducerCited for M3HHTP2 MOFs as ion-to-electron transducers in potentiometric K+ and NO3- detection.research_0842
Ref. 1462018Title unavailableHER_benchmark · metal_dependenceCited for coordinated-metal effects and film-thickness dependence in BHT HER catalysis.Unmapped
Ref. 1482017Title unavailableHER_benchmark · redox_switchingCited for reversible NiAT/NiIT redox interconversion, conductivity change and HER performance.Unmapped
Ref. 1492016Title unavailableORR_benchmark · direct_growthCited for Ni3HITP2 thin films in ORR and binder-free direct growth on glassy carbon electrodes.research_0003
Ref. 1502017Title unavailablesupercapacitor_benchmark · direct_growthCited for direct bottom-up integration of Cu3HHTP2 on carbon nanowires for supercapacitors.research_0026
Ref. 1512018Title unavailablesupercapacitor_benchmark · pseudocapacitanceCited for free-standing HAB electrodes, high gravimetric/volumetric capacitance and redox pseudocapacitance.Unmapped
Ref. 1522017Title unavailableelectrochemical_capture · device_integrationCited for voltage-actuated reversible ethylene capture/release in M3HTTP2 PCP/MOF-like devices.Unmapped
Ref. 1532017Title unavailableFET_benchmark · mobilityCited for porous Ni3HITP2 FETs, p-type behaviour and mobility benchmark.research_0015
Ref. 1542015Title unavailableFET_benchmark · mobilityCited in Table 1 for Cu-BHT field-effect transistor mobility and conductivity.research_0006
Ref. 1782017Title unavailableelectrocatalysis_review · stability_caveatCited for electrochemical transformation context and caveats about MOF stability/delamination.Unmapped
Ref. 1792017Title unavailableelectrocatalysis_review · stability_caveatCited with Ref. 178 for hydrolysis, decomposition and delamination concerns under electrochemical operation.Unmapped
Ref. 1822008Title unavailablesupercapacitor_backgroundBackground citation for EDLC and pseudocapacitor charge-storage mechanisms.Unmapped
Ref. 1832017Title unavailablemof_catalysis_reviewCited for MOFs bridging homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.Unmapped
Ref. 1842017Title unavailablemof_catalysis_contextCited for modular MOFs preserving molecular catalytic units in a heterogeneous framework.Unmapped