Primary studyCore evidenceTransport Physics

Large Single Crystals of Two-Dimensional π-Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks via Biphasic Solution-Solid Growth

Ha D.-G., Rezaee M., Han Y. et al. · ACS Central Science · 2021 · 104-109

3materials
12samples
7synthesis routes
16measurements
57results
8claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

Biphasic solution-solid growth yields sufficiently large Ni-CAT-1 single-crystal plates to measure intrinsic basal-plane transport and Hall effect in a 2D piMOF.

Caveat: Large >10 um crystals are occasional under typical conditions rather than every crystal; Table S2 gives average >10 um count of 0.6.

p001 · Abstract · Linked to 3 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: Medium

The stacking sequence of solution-solid-grown Ni-CAT-1 may differ from previously suggested intercalated Co-CAT-1-like structures, and further studies are required.

Caveat: The paper explicitly frames this as speculation based on TEM contrast discrepancies with prior simulated images.

S5 · Supplementary Text - Comments on the stacking structure of the MOF · Linked to 2 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

Single-crystal Ni-CAT-1 devices show much higher conductivity than pressed pellets because pellets include grain-boundary and out-of-plane transport limitations.

Caveat: Out-of-plane conductivity is from a two-probe estimate.

p005 · Results and Discussion · Linked to 4 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

A very thin confined reaction space between substrates favours plate-like Ni-CAT-1 growth; larger gaps lead to rods/wires or lower-quality plates.

Caveat: Gap estimates are indirect and partly controlled by substrate flatness.

S11 · Figure caption · Figure S6 · Linked to 3 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

A dense, horizontally aligned, solid HHTP precursor film is critical for planar basal-plane crystal growth.

Caveat: Mechanistic conclusion is supported by morphology controls, not by direct in situ observation of nucleation.

p004 · Results and Discussion · Figures S4-S5 · Linked to 3 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

Replacing nickel acetate with cobalt acetate under identical conditions produces planar Co-CAT-1 crystals, indicating the method can extend beyond Ni-CAT-1.

Caveat: No Co-CAT-1 transport or yield statistics are reported here.

p004 · Results and Discussion · Figure S17 and Figure S18 · Linked to 2 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

The high in-plane conductivity of Ni-CAT-1 is attributed mainly to high carrier density rather than high carrier mobility.

Caveat: Carrier density/mobility extraction assumes n-type behaviour from Hall sign.

p005 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4G · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Ni-CAT-1 shows thermally activated semiconducting conductivity with a small optical band gap.

Caveat: Band gap was measured on powder, while best transport was measured on single-crystal devices.

p005 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4A; Figure S13 · Linked to 3 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Co-CAT-1 two-dimensional metal-organic frameworkBrowse family: Co₃(HHTP)₂ / Co–HHTPCo-catecholate HHTP framework; exact formula not restated in this paperCobalt catecholate nodes from cobalt acetate · HHTP2D · PristinePlanar Co-CAT-1 crystals grown by the same solution-solid route; EDS and FTIR support identity.p004 · Results and Discussion · Figure S17 and Figure S18
Evaporated HHTP precursor filmHHTPnone · HHTP precursor film0D · Model SystemHorizontally aligned organic precursor film used as a model/control for solution-solid MOF growth.p002 · Results and Discussion · Figure S1
Ni-CAT-1 / Ni3(HHTP)2 two-dimensional pi-conjugated metal-organic frameworkBrowse family: Ni₃(HHTP)₂ / Ni–HHTPNi3(HHTP)2; Ni:C ratio reported as 1:12 for crystalsNi catecholate nodes / Ni(OAc)2-derived nickel ions coordinated to HHTP catecholates · 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP)2D · PristineLayered 2D pi-conjugated metal-catecholate MOF with hexagonal in-plane lattice; TEM/FFT lattice parameter 2.1 nm; stacking sequence left caveated by SI.p001 · Abstract

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 12 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Co-CAT-1 powderresearch_0053__mat__mat_co_cat_1Powder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkPowder synthesised following ref. (5) and confirmed by PXRD; used for FTIR comparison.Not specified · Not applicableS23 · Figure caption · Figure S18
Solution-solid-grown Co-CAT-1 single crystalresearch_0053__mat__mat_co_cat_1Single Crystal · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkGrown under conditions identical to Ni-CAT-1 except cobalt acetate replaced nickel acetate.Si/SiO2 substrate · Not specifiedS22 · Figure caption · Figure S17
Evaporated HHTP thin film on siliconresearch_0053__mat__mat_hhtp_precursorThin Film · Model System · ModelHHTP deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation; sometimes patterned with line/stripe shadow mask.Silicon or Si/SiO2 substrate · 30 nm for ellipsometry sample; 34 nm in Fig. S1 caption; 40 nm typical growth precursorS2 and S6 · Materials and Methods; Figure S1 caption · Figure S1
Ni-CAT-1 grown from drop-cast HHTP control filmresearch_0053__mat__mat_ni_cat_1Thin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkGrowth repeated with randomly oriented drop-cast HHTP rather than evaporated aligned HHTP.Substrate bearing drop-cast HHTP film · HHTP drop-casting: 10 uL of 1.7 mM methanol solution, twice; MOF plate thickness not reportedS9 · Figure caption · Figure S4
Ni-CAT-1 single-crystal electron-beam-lithography deviceresearch_0053__mat__mat_ni_cat_1Electrode · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkPMMA 950k C7 spun, baked, e-beam exposed/developed, Ti/Au evaporated; SI reports the process can damage/fracture crystals.Si/SiO2 crystal substrate with Ti/Au electrodes after PMMA/e-beam processing · Single crystal plate; electrode thickness 300-400 nm Ti/Au stack reportedS3 · Materials and Methods - Device fabrication with electron beam lithography · Figure S11; Figure S15
Ni-CAT-1 microsphere-gap growth controlsresearch_0053__mat__mat_ni_cat_1Unknown · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkReaction space increased with microspheres; morphology varied from wires/cylinders to low-yield plates.Si/SiO2 substrates with dispersed microspheres controlling gap · Gap controls 49 um, 9 um, and 4 um microspheresS11 · Figure caption · Figure S6
Ni-CAT-1 out-of-plane two-probe deviceresearch_0053__mat__mat_ni_cat_1Electrode · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkDevice made and characterised for out-of-plane conductivity.Not fully specified; two-probe device for c-axis conductivity · Not specifiedp005 · Author Contributions · Figure S12
Ni-CAT-1 powderresearch_0053__mat__mat_ni_cat_1Powder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkPowder synthesized by reported hydrothermal method for PXRD/FTIR/band-gap comparison; recipe details not reproduced in this paper.KBr dilution for diffuse reflectance; quartz substrate for transmission; silicon substrate for FTIR single-crystal comparison where applicable · Powder diluted at 1% in KBr for diffuse reflectanceS14 and S18 · Figure captions · Figures S9 and S13
Ni-CAT-1 pressed-pellet deviceresearch_0053__mat__mat_ni_cat_1Pellet · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkNi-CAT-1 powders pressed at 6.6 ton-force/cm2 and wired as pressed-pellet devices.Glass substrate with grease; connected to gold wires with carbon paste · Pellet thickness measured by micrometer; numeric thickness not specifiedS4 · Materials and Methods - The pressed-pellet device fabrication
Solution-solid-grown Ni-CAT-1 single-crystal plates on Si/SiO2research_0053__mat__mat_ni_cat_1Single Crystal · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkBiphasic solution-solid growth from evaporated HHTP film and nickel acetate film, heated in water, then washed with water and DMF.Si/SiO2 substrate; crystals mostly remain on the HHTP substrate after growth · Typical precursor HHTP film 40 nm; crystal diagonal 10-100 times bigger than thickness; AFM examples ca. hundreds of nm thickp002 · Results and Discussion · Figures 1-2
Ni-CAT-1 single-crystal basal-plane stencil-mask deviceresearch_0053__mat__mat_ni_cat_1Electrode · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkFour electrical contacts deposited using stencil mask; palladium gave better electrical connection; stencil devices measured under vacuum in SI Fig. S11.Si/SiO2 crystal substrate with stencil-mask-deposited metal contacts · Single crystal plate; thickness not specified for transport devicep004 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4; Figure S11
Ni-CAT-1 rods from water-DMF(30%) cosolvent controlresearch_0053__mat__mat_ni_cat_1Unknown · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkSolution-solid growth attempted with water-DMF(30%) cosolvent, dissolving HHTP and producing solution-phase rod-shaped crystals.Si/SiO2 growth substrate · Not specifiedS10 · Figure caption · Figure S5