Electrochemistry Application — Redox-Active Ni(II) Nodes Induced Electrochromism in a Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal-Organic Framework

11 measurement groups · 58 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

Coloration efficiency from optical density change vs charge density

Ni3(HITP)2-362 nm/FTO electrode · Electrode

CE calculated by eq S2, at wavelength 700 nm in Figure S10; values tabulated in SI Table S1.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three-electrode cell
Context: pristine Ni3(HITP)2/FTO thickness series
Measurement source: S-17 / p017 · Supporting Table S1 · Table S1

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Coloration efficiency, 205 nm film	103.6 cm2 C-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-17 / p017 · Supporting Table S1 · Table S1
Coloration efficiency, 290 nm film	100.1 cm2 C-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-17 / p017 · Supporting Table S1 · Table S1
Coloration efficiency, 362 nm filmMarked as a best value within this paper	116.9 cm2 C-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-17 / p017 · Supporting Table S1 · Table S1
Coloration efficiency, 435 nm film	101.5 cm2 C-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-17 / p017 · Supporting Table S1 · Table S1
Coloration efficiency, 524 nm film	98.6 cm2 C-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-17 / p017 · Supporting Table S1 · Table S1

Scan-rate-dependent cyclic voltammetry

Voltammetry

Ni3(HITP)2-362 nm/FTO electrode · Electrode

CV at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 mV/s in LiClO4/PC; Dcv calculated by eq S4.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three-electrode cell
Context: pristine Ni3(HITP)2/FTO thickness series
Measurement source: S-15 / p015 · Supporting Figure S14 · Figure S14 and Table S2

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Ion diffusion coefficient Dcv, 205 nm film	8.50 x 10^-12 cm2 s-1	8.5e-12 cm2 s-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S2 · Table S2
Ion diffusion coefficient Dcv, 290 nm film	8.70 x 10^-12 cm2 s-1	8.7e-12 cm2 s-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S2 · Table S2
Ion diffusion coefficient Dcv, 362 nm film	10.4 x 10^-12 cm2 s-1	1.04e-11 cm2 s-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S2 · Table S2
Ion diffusion coefficient Dcv, 435 nm film	11.1 x 10^-12 cm2 s-1	1.11e-11 cm2 s-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S2 · Table S2
Ion diffusion coefficient Dcv, 524 nm filmMarked as a best value within this paper	21.3 x 10^-12 cm2 s-1	2.13e-11 cm2 s-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S2 · Table S2

Cyclic voltammetry with in situ transmittance

Voltammetry

Ni3(HITP)2-362 nm/FTO electrode · Electrode

CV at 10 mV/s with corresponding in situ transmittance at 780 nm; potentials between 0.2 and -1.5 V in 1 M LiClO4/PC.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three-electrode cell
Context: pristine Ni3(HITP)2/FTO electrode
Measurement source: p004 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2c and Figure S14

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Oxidation peak potential	-0.6 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2c and Figure S14
Reduction peak potential	-1.0 V	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2c and Figure S14

Electrochromic cycling stability and post-cycling spectroscopy/CV

Voltammetry

Ni3(HITP)2-290 nm/FTO electrode · Electrode

Transmittance at 780 nm cycled between 0.2 V and -1.5 V; Raman and CV before/after 100 cycles.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three-electrode cell
Context: pristine Ni3(HITP)2-290 nm/FTO electrode
Measurement source: p003 · Results and Discussion · Figures S11-S13

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Optical contrast retained after 100 cycles	about 80%	—	—	Text Approximate	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S11
Coloration efficiency decrease after 100 cycles	decreased by 5 cm2/C	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · Results and Discussion · Figure S13
Raman IG/ID after 100 cycles	0.70	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S12a
Raman IG/ID before cycling	0.78	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S12a
Bleaching time after 100 cycles, 290 nm film	5.1 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · Results and Discussion · Figure S13
Coloring time after 100 cycles, 290 nm film	9.1 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p004 · Results and Discussion · Figure S13
Cycling stability summary in comparison table	>90% after 100 cycles	—	>	SI Table Approximate	S-17 / p017 · Supporting Table S1 · Table S1

Number 8 electrochromic display demonstration

Ni3(HITP)2-524 nm number 8 electrochromic device · Electrode

Device biased at -1.5 V to switch from dark blue to yellow; active film thickness 524 nm.

Geometry: Sandwich EC device with Ni3(HITP)2 working electrode, FTO counter electrode, and 1 M LiClO4/PC electrolyte
Context: device with pristine Ni3(HITP)2 active layer
Measurement source: p005 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4a-b

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Number 8 display switching	switches from dark blue to yellow at -1.5 V	—	—	Qualitative Qualitative	p005 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4b

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and fitted equivalent circuit

Impedance spectroscopy

Ni3(HITP)2-362 nm/FTO electrode · Electrode

EIS conducted from 100 mHz to 3 MHz in 1 M LiClO4/PC; diffusion coefficient Dw calculated from Warburg region by eq S3; fitted parameters in Table S3.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three-electrode cell with Ni3(HITP)2/FTO working electrode
Context: pristine Ni3(HITP)2/FTO thickness series
Measurement source: S-18 / p018 · Supporting Tables S2-S3 · Tables S2-S3

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Ion diffusion coefficient Dw, 205 nm film	8.40 x 10^-12 cm2 s-1	8.4e-12 cm2 s-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S2 · Table S2
Ion diffusion coefficient Dw, 290 nm film	9.18 x 10^-12 cm2 s-1	9.18e-12 cm2 s-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S2 · Table S2
Ion diffusion coefficient Dw, 362 nm film	9.38 x 10^-12 cm2 s-1	9.38e-12 cm2 s-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S2 · Table S2
Ion diffusion coefficient Dw, 435 nm film	14.7 x 10^-12 cm2 s-1	1.47e-11 cm2 s-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S2 · Table S2
Ion diffusion coefficient Dw, 524 nm filmMarked as a best value within this paper	19.8 x 10^-12 cm2 s-1	1.98e-11 cm2 s-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S2 · Table S2
Equivalent series resistance ESR, 205 nm film	13.71 ohm	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S3 · Table S3
Equivalent series resistance ESR, 290 nm film	13.70 ohm	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S3 · Table S3
Equivalent series resistance ESR, 362 nm film	14.24 ohm	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S3 · Table S3
Charge-transfer resistance Rct, 205 nm film	21.99 ohm	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S3 · Table S3
Charge-transfer resistance Rct, 290 nm film	23.51 ohm	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S3 · Table S3
Charge-transfer resistance Rct, 362 nm film	24.55 ohm	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S3 · Table S3
Charge-transfer resistance Rct, 435 nm film	25.58 ohm	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S3 · Table S3
Charge-transfer resistance Rct, 524 nm film	26.39 ohm	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S3 · Table S3

FTO vs ITO electrochemical/electrochromic comparison

Ni3(HITP)2-290 nm/FTO electrode · Electrode

Ni3(HITP)2-290 nm deposited on FTO or ITO glass with same sheet resistance of 10 ohm/sq; compared T at 780 nm, switching time, and EIS Rct.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: FTO and ITO glass substrates
Context: pristine Ni3(HITP)2-290 nm film on two conductive substrates
Measurement source: S-16 / p016 · Supporting Figure S15 and Table S4 · Figure S15 and Table S4

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
FTO film coloured-state transmittance lower than ITO at 780 nm	2.8% lower	—	—	Caption Exact Reported	S-16 / p016 · Supporting Figure S15 · Figure S15
Rct for Ni3(HITP)2-290 nm/FTOMarked as a best value within this paper	23.51 ohm	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S4 · Table S4
FTO coated film transmittance at 780 nm, bleached state	74.6%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S4 · Table S4
FTO coated film transmittance at 780 nm, coloured state	54.2%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S4 · Table S4
Rct for Ni3(HITP)2-290 nm/ITO	32.82 ohm	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S4 · Table S4
ITO coated film transmittance at 780 nm, bleached state	72.7%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S4 · Table S4
ITO coated film transmittance at 780 nm, coloured state	56.6%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	S-18 / p018 · Supporting Table S4 · Table S4

Camera-lens light modulation demonstration

Ni3(HITP)2-435 nm light-modulation filter device · Electrode

Ni3(HITP)2-435 nm film used as optical modulation filter; gradually increasing potential makes film transparent.

Geometry: Electrochromic filter/lens in optical path of camera
Context: device with pristine Ni3(HITP)2 active layer
Measurement source: p005 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4c-d

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Camera-lens filter transparency modulation	film becomes transparent under increasing potential and allows the target object to be seen	—	—	Qualitative Qualitative	p005 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4d

Optical modulation range at 780 nm from UV-vis transmittance under electrochemical bias

UV-visible and optical absorption spectroscopy

Ni3(HITP)2-362 nm/FTO electrode · Electrode

Delta T calculated as Tb - Tc according to eq S1; biases 0.2 V and -1.5 V in 1 M LiClO4/PC.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three-electrode cell
Context: pristine Ni3(HITP)2/FTO thickness series
Measurement source: p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2b and Figure S8

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Optical modulation range at 780 nm, 205 nm film	15.7%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2b and Figure S8
Optical modulation range at 780 nm, 290 nm film	20.4%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2b and Figure S8
Optical modulation range at 780 nm, 362 nm film	25.6%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2b and Figure S8
Optical modulation range at 780 nm, 435 nm film	32.4%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2b and Figure S8
Optical modulation range at 780 nm, 524 nm filmMarked as a best value within this paper	38.8%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2b and Figure S8

Temporal transmittance response at 780 nm

Ni3(HITP)2-362 nm/FTO electrode · Electrode

Switching time defined as time required to reach 90% of full optical modulation; 1 M LiClO4/PC electrolyte.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: Three-electrode cell
Context: pristine Ni3(HITP)2/FTO thickness series
Measurement source: p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S9

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Bleaching time, 205 nm filmMarked as a best value within this paper	4.3 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S9
Bleaching time, 290 nm film	4.7 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S9
Bleaching time, 362 nm film	5 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S9
Bleaching time, 435 nm film	6.1 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S9
Bleaching time, 524 nm film	6.8 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S9
Coloring time, 205 nm filmMarked as a best value within this paper	5.4 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S9
Coloring time, 290 nm film	7.8 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S9
Coloring time, 362 nm film	8.6 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S9
Coloring time, 435 nm film	10.1 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S9
Coloring time, 524 nm film	9.4 s	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure S9

In situ UV-vis transmittance spectroscopy

UV-visible and optical absorption spectroscopy

Ni3(HITP)2-362 nm/FTO electrode · Electrode

Three-electrode cell; 1 M LiClO4/PC electrolyte; spectra at 0.2 V coloured state and -1.5 V bleached state over 400-800 nm.

Temperature: room temperature
Geometry: 1 x 1 cm2 Ni3(HITP)2/FTO working electrode, Pt mesh counter, Ag/Ag+ pseudoreference
Context: pristine Ni3(HITP)2/FTO electrode
Measurement source: p003 · Results and Discussion; Experimental Section 4.5 · Figure 2a

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Bleached-state transmittance at 780 nm, 362 nm film	approx. 72%	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2a
Coloured-state transmittance at 780 nm, 362 nm film	approx. 46%	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	p003 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2a